Water, Land, and Forest Susceptibility and Sustainability: Geospatial Approaches and Modeling

578 Pages·2022·15.365 MB·English

by  Uday Chatterjee, Biswajeet Pradhan, Suresh Kumar, Sourav Saha, Mohammad Zakwan

Water, Land, and
Forest Susceptibility
and Sustainability
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Science of Sustainable Systems
Water, Land, and Forest
Susceptibility and Sustainability
Geospatial Approaches and Modeling
Volume I
Edited by
Uday Chatterjee
Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Bhatter College,
Dantan (Affiliated to Vidyasagar University), Paschim Midnapore,
West Bengal, India
Biswajeet Pradhan
Distinguished Professor, Centre for Advanced Modelling and
Geospatial Information Systems (CAMGIS), School of Civil and
EnvironmentalEngineering,FacultyofEngineeringandIT,University
of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Suresh Kumar
Group Head, Agriculture, Forestry & Ecology Group, Indian Institute
of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO),
Dehradun, India
Sourav Saha
Postdoctoral Associate, Department of Earth, Planetary,
and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Mohammad Zakwan
Assistant Professor, School of Technology, Maulana Azad National
Urdu University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Series editors:
Brian D. Fath
Dan Fiscus
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Contents
Contributors.........................................................................................xvii
Foreword..............................................................................................xxi
SECTION I Introduction: Theoretical framework and
approach of sustainability
CHAPTER 1 Theoretical framework and approaches of
susceptibility and sustainability: issues
and drivers.............................................................3
Suresh Kumar, Uday Chatterjee and Anu DavidRaj
1.1 Introduction.......................................................................3
1.2 Global perspectiveof sustainability and susceptibility...............5
1.3 Theoretical frameworkofsustainability and
ecosystemservices.............................................................6
1.3.1 Water, land, and forest: integral component
ofecosystem............................................................7
1.3.2 Sustainabilityand ecosystem services...........................8
1.3.3 Degradationof ecosystem services...............................9
1.4 Driversand issues ofsusceptibility and sustainability of
ecosystems......................................................................11
1.4.1 Susceptibilityand sustainability of water resources........12
1.4.2 Susceptibilityand sustainability of land resources..........14
1.4.3 Susceptibilityand sustainability offorest resources........17
1.5 Approaches for susceptibility/degradation assessment of
ecosystems......................................................................19
1.6 Conclusions.....................................................................20
References.............................................................................21
SECTION II Water resource susceptibility and
sustainability
CHAPTER 2 Trap efficiency of reservoirs: concept, review,
and application......................................................29
Qamar Sultana and M. Gopal Naik
2.1 Introduction.....................................................................29
2.1.1 Reservoirsedimentation............................................29
2.1.2 Reservoirstorage capacity reduction............................30
v
vi Contents
2.1.3 Determination of quantity of sediment deposited in
reservoir.................................................................31
2.1.4 Determination of trap efficiency..................................32
2.2 Limitations of the study.....................................................33
2.2.1 Empirical methods....................................................33
2.2.2 Artificial neuralnetworks..........................................33
2.3 Literature review..............................................................35
2.4 Materials andmethods......................................................37
2.4.1 Empirical methods....................................................37
2.4.2 Artificial neuralnetworks..........................................40
2.5 Results and discussions.....................................................43
2.5.1 Analysis of results for different methods......................43
2.5.2 Discussions ofthe results ofempirical methods.............50
2.6 Conclusions.....................................................................57
References.............................................................................57
CHAPTER 3 GIS for Watershed Characterization and
Modeling: example of the Taguenit River
(Lakhssas, Morocco)..............................................61
Mohamed Abioui, MustaphaIkirri,SaidBoutaleb,
Farid Faik,AbderrahmaneWanaim, MounaId-Belqas and
FatimaZahraEchogdali
3.1 Introduction.....................................................................61
3.2 Study area: geomorphology and hydro-climatology of
the taguenit wadi watershed...............................................64
3.3 Materials andmethods......................................................66
3.3.1 Flood mapping method..............................................66
3.3.2 Factorsuse inFHI....................................................67
3.3.3 Relativeweight offactors..........................................71
3.4 Results and discussion.......................................................75
3.5 Challenges and solutions...................................................78
3.6 Recommendations............................................................79
3.7 Conclusion......................................................................80
Acknowledgments...................................................................80
References.............................................................................80
CHAPTER 4 Application of artificial intelligence to estimate
dispersion coefficient and pollution in river............87
SabaKhurshid, Zeenat Araand Naved Ahsan
4.1 Introduction...................................................................87
4.1.1 Objectives.............................................................90
Contents vii
4.2 Methodology.................................................................91
4.2.1 Data collection andanalysis.....................................92
4.2.2 ANN modeling......................................................93
4.2.3 Network architecture...............................................94
4.2.4 Range ofvariousparameters inthe procured data........94
4.2.5 Data used for training andtesting ofANN..................95
4.2.6 Development ofsecondary parameters.......................95
4.3 Resultand discussions.....................................................96
4.4 Models used for comparison...........................................102
4.4.1 Comparisonof models..........................................103
4.5 Conclusion..................................................................104
4.6 Appendix1..................................................................105
4.7 Appendix2..................................................................105
4.8 Appendix3..................................................................105
4.9 Appendix4..................................................................108
4.10 Appendix5..................................................................108
4.11 Appendix6..................................................................109
References...........................................................................116
CHAPTER 5 Predicting nitrate concentration in river using
advanced artificial intelligence techniques:
extreme learning machines versus deep
learning...............................................................121
Salim Heddam, Sungwon Kim, Ahmed Elbeltagi,
Anurag Malik, Mohammad Zounemat-Kermani and
Ozgur Kisi
5.1 Introduction...................................................................121
5.2 Materials and methods....................................................123
5.2.1 Study site..............................................................123
5.2.2 Performance assessment of the models.......................127
5.3 Methodology.................................................................127
5.3.1 Deep learning long short-termmemory (LSTM)..........127
5.3.2 Extreme learningmachine (ELM).............................129
5.3.3 Support vectorregression (SVR)...............................130
5.3.4 Gaussian process regression (GPR)............................130
5.4 Results anddiscussion.....................................................131
5.4.1 Daily time scale andscenario 01for USGS
14211720..............................................................131
5.4.2 Daily time scale andscenario 02for USGS
14211720..............................................................132
viii Contents
5.4.3 Hourly time scale andscenario 01for USGS
14211720..............................................................134
5.4.4 Hourly time scale andscenario 02for USGS
14211720..............................................................138
5.4.5 Discussion.............................................................138
5.5 Summary and conclusions................................................146
Acknowledgments.................................................................149
References...........................................................................149
CHAPTER 6 Polluted water bodies remediation by using
GIS and remote sensing approach: a deeper
insight.................................................................155
DevendraSingh, Suhaga Dohare,GauravYadav,
Himanshu Pandey and VirendraSingh
6.1 Introduction...................................................................155
6.1.1 Importance ofremote sensing inwater quality
management and monitoring....................................157
6.1.2 Importance ofGIS inwater qualitymanagement and
monitoring............................................................157
6.2 Role oftheseadvanced techniques inmonitoring
water quality.................................................................158
6.3 Remediationof surfacewaterdusingremote sensing
and GIS........................................................................160
6.4 Futureof these advanced techniques inmonitoring
the quality ofwater.........................................................163
6.5 Benefits ofsensing inmonitoring the quality ofwater..........163
6.6 Conclusions...................................................................164
References...........................................................................165
CHAPTER 7 GIS-based spatial distribution analysis of
water quality assessment using water pollution
index of Yamuna river at Delhi..............................171
Anish Ahmed, Chitralekha Das, Saumya Srivastava and
SunainaSingh
7.1 Introduction...................................................................171
7.2 Study area.....................................................................173
7.3 Materials anddataset......................................................174
7.4 Methodology.................................................................174
7.4.1 Ground data..........................................................174
7.4.2 Remote-sensing data...............................................178
Contents ix
7.5 Results.........................................................................190
7.5.1 BackscatteringSAR datavalues................................190
7.5.2 ChlorophyllIndex..................................................195
7.5.3 Landsurface temperature.........................................196
7.5.4 Normalized Coastal Aerosol Index............................197
7.5.5 Water pollutionindex..............................................199
7.6 Validation.....................................................................203
7.7 Discussion.....................................................................204
7.8 Conclusion....................................................................205
Acknowledgments.................................................................206
References...........................................................................206
CHAPTER 8 Groundwater sustainability: role of monitoring,
modeling, and management..................................209
Suraj Jena and Soumyaranjan Sahoo
8.1 Introduction...................................................................209
8.2 Limitations ofstudy........................................................211
8.3 Methodology.................................................................212
8.3.1 Study basin...........................................................212
8.3.2 Data monitoring andfield campaigns.........................213
8.4 Methods........................................................................216
8.4.1 Groundwater flowsimulationmodeling......................216
8.4.2 Decision supportsystem..........................................222
8.5 Results.........................................................................223
8.5.1 Groundwater recharge.............................................223
8.5.2 Pumping well boundarycondition.............................224
8.5.3 Riverboundary conditions.......................................226
8.5.4 Groundwater flowsimulation....................................226
8.5.5 Decision supportsystem..........................................228
8.6 Conclusion....................................................................230
References...........................................................................230
Further reading.....................................................................234
SECTION III Land resources susceptibility and
sustainability
CHAPTER 9 Landslide susceptibility modeling using a
generalized linear model in a tropical river
basin of the Southern Western Ghats, India...........237
C.K.Prajisha, A.L. Achu and Sabu Joseph
9.1 Introduction...................................................................237