Water Encyclopedia, Domestic, Municipal, and Industrial Water Supply and Waste Disposal (Volume 1)

4364 Pages·2005·80.019 MB·English

by  Jay H. Lehr, Jack Keeley

WATER ENCYCLOPEDIA
DOMESTIC, MUNICIPAL, AND
INDUSTRIAL WATER
SUPPLY AND WASTE DISPOSAL
Jay Lehr, Ph.D.
Editor-in-Chief
Jack Keeley
Senior Editor
Janet Lehr
Associate Editor
Thomas B. Kingery III
Information Technology Director
TheWaterEncyclopediaisavailableonlineat
http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/eow/
A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication
Copyright2005byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey.
PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada.
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,
mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise,exceptaspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStates
CopyrightAct,withouteitherthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriate
per-copyfeetotheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,978-750-8400,fax[phone],oron
thewebatwww.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,John
Wiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,[phone],fax[phone].
LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbesteffortsinpreparingthisbook,theymake
norepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimany
impliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysales
representativesorwrittensalesmaterials.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitableforyoursituation.Youshould
consultwithaprofessionalwhereappropriate.Neitherthepublishernorauthorshallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyother
commercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages.
ForgeneralinformationonourotherproductsandservicespleasecontactourCustomerCareDepartmentwithintheU.S.at
877-762-2974,outsidetheU.S.at317-572-3993orfax317-572-4002.
Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprint,however,maynotbeavailablein
electronicformat.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailable.
Lehr,Jay
WaterEncyclopedia:Domestic,Municipal,andIndustrialWaterSupplyandWasteDisposal
ISBN0-471-73687-2
ISBN0-471-44164-3(Set)
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10987654321
WATER ENCYCLOPEDIA
WATER QUALITY
AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Jay Lehr, Ph.D.
Editor-in-Chief
Jack Keeley
Senior Editor
Janet Lehr
Associate Editor
Thomas B. Kingery III
Information Technology Director
TheWaterEncyclopediaisavailableonlineat
http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/eow/
A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication
Copyright2005byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey.
PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada.
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,
mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise,exceptaspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStates
CopyrightAct,withouteitherthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriate
per-copyfeetotheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,978-750-8400,fax[phone],oron
thewebatwww.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,John
Wiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,[phone],fax[phone].
LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbesteffortsinpreparingthisbook,theymake
norepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimany
impliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysales
representativesorwrittensalesmaterials.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitableforyoursituation.Youshould
consultwithaprofessionalwhereappropriate.Neitherthepublishernorauthorshallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyother
commercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages.
ForgeneralinformationonourotherproductsandservicespleasecontactourCustomerCareDepartmentwithintheU.S.at
877-762-2974,outsidetheU.S.at317-572-3993orfax317-572-4002.
Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprint,however,maynotbeavailablein
electronicformat.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailable.
Lehr,Jay
WaterEncyclopedia:WaterQualityandResourceDevelopment
ISBN0-471-73686-4
ISBN0-471-44164-3(Set)
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10987654321
WATER ENCYCLOPEDIA
SURFACE AND AGRICULTURAL
WATER
Jay Lehr, Ph.D.
Editor-in-Chief
Jack Keeley
Senior Editor
Janet Lehr
Associate Editor
Thomas B. Kingery III
Information Technology Director
TheWaterEncyclopediaisavailableonlineat
http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/eow/
A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication
Copyright2005byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey.
PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada.
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,
mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise,exceptaspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStates
CopyrightAct,withouteitherthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriate
per-copyfeetotheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,978-750-8400,fax[phone],oron
thewebatwww.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,John
Wiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,[phone],fax[phone].
LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbesteffortsinpreparingthisbook,theymake
norepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimany
impliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysales
representativesorwrittensalesmaterials.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitableforyoursituation.Youshould
consultwithaprofessionalwhereappropriate.Neitherthepublishernorauthorshallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyother
commercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages.
ForgeneralinformationonourotherproductsandservicespleasecontactourCustomerCareDepartmentwithintheU.S.at
877-762-2974,outsidetheU.S.at317-572-3993orfax317-572-4002.
Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprint,however,maynotbeavailablein
electronicformat.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailable.
Lehr,Jay
WaterEncyclopedia:SurfaceandAgriculturalWater
ISBN0-471-73685-6
ISBN0-471-44164-3(Set)
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10987654321
WATER ENCYCLOPEDIA
OCEANOGRAPHY;
METEOROLOGY;
PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY;
WATER LAW; AND WATER
HISTORY, ART, AND CULTURE
Jay Lehr, Ph.D.
Editor-in-Chief
Jack Keeley
Senior Editor
Janet Lehr
Associate Editor
Thomas B. Kingery III
Information Technology Director
TheWaterEncyclopediaisavailableonlineat
http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/eow/
A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication
Copyright2005byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey.
PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada.
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,
mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise,exceptaspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStates
CopyrightAct,withouteitherthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriate
per-copyfeetotheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,978-750-8400,fax[phone],oron
thewebatwww.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,John
Wiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,[phone],fax[phone].
LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbesteffortsinpreparingthisbook,theymake
norepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimany
impliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysales
representativesorwrittensalesmaterials.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitableforyoursituation.Youshould
consultwithaprofessionalwhereappropriate.Neitherthepublishernorauthorshallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyother
commercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages.
ForgeneralinformationonourotherproductsandservicespleasecontactourCustomerCareDepartmentwithintheU.S.at
877-762-2974,outsidetheU.S.at317-572-3993orfax317-572-4002.
Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprint,however,maynotbeavailablein
electronicformat.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailable.
Lehr,Jay
WaterEncyclopedia:Oceanography;Meteorology;PhysicsandChemistry;WaterLaw;andWater
History,Art,andCulture
ISBN0-471-73684-8
ISBN0-471-44164-3(Set)
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10987654321
WATER ENCYCLOPEDIA
GROUND WATER
Jay Lehr, Ph.D.
Editor-in-Chief
Jack Keeley
Senior Editor
Janet Lehr
Associate Editor
Thomas B. Kingery III
Information Technology Director
TheWaterEncyclopediaisavailableonlineat
http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/eow/
A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication
Copyright2005byJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey.
PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada.
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,
mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,orotherwise,exceptaspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStates
CopyrightAct,withouteitherthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthroughpaymentoftheappropriate
per-copyfeetotheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,978-750-8400,fax[phone],oron
thewebatwww.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshouldbeaddressedtothePermissionsDepartment,John
Wiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,[phone],fax[phone].
LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbesteffortsinpreparingthisbook,theymake
norepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimany
impliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysales
representativesorwrittensalesmaterials.Theadviceandstrategiescontainedhereinmaynotbesuitableforyoursituation.Youshould
consultwithaprofessionalwhereappropriate.Neitherthepublishernorauthorshallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyother
commercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages.
ForgeneralinformationonourotherproductsandservicespleasecontactourCustomerCareDepartmentwithintheU.S.at
877-762-2974,outsidetheU.S.at317-572-3993orfax317-572-4002.
Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprint,however,maynotbeavailablein
electronicformat.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailable.
Lehr,Jay
WaterEncyclopedia:GroundWater
ISBN0-471-73683-X
ISBN0-471-44164-3(Set)
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10987654321