Waste to Wealth

525 Pages·2018·8.44 MB·English

by  Reeta Rani Singhania

Energy, Environment, and Sustainability
Reeta Rani Singhania
Rashmi Avinash Agarwal
R. Praveen Kumar
Editors
Rajeev K. Sukumaran
Waste to Wealth
Energy, Environment, and Sustainability
Series editors
Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Ashok Pandey, Distinguished Scientist, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology
Research, Lucknow, India
This books series publishes cutting edge monographs and professional books
focused on all aspects of energy and environmental sustainability, especially as it
relates to energy concerns. The Series is published in partnership with the
International Society for Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. The books in
these series are editor or authored by top researchers and professional across the
globe. The series aims at publishing state-of-the-art research and development in
areas including, but not limited to:
(cid:129) Renewable Energy
(cid:129) Alternative Fuels
(cid:129) Engines and Locomotives
(cid:129) Combustion and Propulsion
(cid:129) Fossil Fuels
(cid:129) Carbon Capture
(cid:129) Control and Automation for Energy
(cid:129) Environmental Pollution
(cid:129) Waste Management
(cid:129) Transportation Sustainability
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15901
Reeta Rani Singhania Rashmi Avinash Agarwal
(cid:129)
R. Praveen Kumar Rajeev K. Sukumaran
(cid:129)
Editors
Waste to Wealth
123
Editors
ReetaRani Singhania R. PraveenKumar
DBT-EnergyBioscience Overseas Fellow Department ofBiotechnology
DBT-IOCCenter for AdvancedBio-Energy Arunai EngineeringCollege
Research,Indian Oil Corporation Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu
LimitedR& DCampus India
Faridabad, Haryana
India Rajeev K.Sukumaran
Biofuels andBiorefineries Section,
Rashmi Avinash Agarwal MicrobialProcesses andTechnology
Department ofCivil Engineering Division
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary
Kanpur,Uttar Pradesh ScienceandTechnology
India Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
India
ISSN 2522-8366 ISSN 2522-8374 (electronic)
Energy,Environment, andSustainability
ISBN978-981-10-7430-1 ISBN978-981-10-7431-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7431-8
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2017959151
©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2018
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Preface
Energy demand has been rising remarkably due to increasing population and
urbanization.Globaleconomyandsocietyaresignificantlydependentontheenergy
availability because it touches every facet of human life and its activities.
Transportation and power generation are major examples of energy. Without the
transportation by millions of personalized and mass transport vehicles and avail-
ability of 24(cid:1)7 power, human civilization would not have reached contemporary
living standards.
The first international conference on “Sustainable Energy and Environmental
Challenges” (SEEC-2017) was organized under the auspices of “International
Society for Energy and Environmental Sustainability” (ISEES) by the “Center of
Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing” (CIAB), Mohali, from February 26 to 28,
2017.ISEESwasfoundedattheIndianInstituteofTechnologyKanpurinJanuary
2014, with the aim of spreading knowledge in the fields of energy, environment,
sustainabilityandcombustion.Thesociety’sgoalistocontributetothedevelopment
ofclean, affordableandsecure energy resourcesanda sustainable environmentfor
the society and to spread knowledge in the above-mentioned areas and awareness
about the environmental challenges, which the world is facing today. ISEES is
involved in various activities such as conducting workshops, seminars and confer-
encesinthedomainsofitsinterest.Thesocietyalsorecognizestheoutstandingwork
donebytheyoungscientistsandengineersfortheircontributionsinthesefieldsby
conferring them awardsundervariouscategories.
This conference provided a platform for discussions between eminent scientists
and engineers from various countries including India, the USA, South Korea,
Norway,MalaysiaandAustralia.Inthisconference,eminentspeakersfromallover
the world presented their views related to different aspects of energy, combustion,
emissions and alternative energy resource for sustainable development and cleaner
environment. The conference started with four mini-symposiums on very topical
themes, which included (i) New Fuels and Advanced Engine Combustion,
(ii) Sustainable Energy, (iii) Experimental and Numerical Combustion and
(iv) Environmental Remediation and Rail Road Transport. The conference had 14
technicalsessionsontopicsrelatedtoenergyandenvironmentalsustainabilityanda
v
vi Preface
panel discussion on “Challenges, Opportunities and Directions of Technical
Education & Research in the Area of Energy, Environment and Sustainability” to
wrap up the three-day technical extravaganza. The conference included 2 plenary
talks, 12 keynote talks, 42 invited talks from prominent scientists, 49 contributed
talks and 120 posters. A total of 234 participants and speakers attended this
three-day conference, which hosted Dr. V. K. Saraswat, Member, NITI Aayog,
India, as a chief guest for the award ceremony of ISEES. This conference laid out
the road map for technology development, opportunities and challenges in this
technologydomain.ThetechnicalsessionsintheconferenceincludedAdvancesin
IC Engines andFuels; Conversion ofBiomassto Biofuels; Combustion Processes;
RenewableEnergy:ProspectsandTechnologies;WastetoWealth—Chemicalsand
Fuels; Energy Conversion Systems; Numerical Simulation of Combustion
Processes; Alternate Fuels for IC Engines; Sprays and Heterogeneous Combustion
of Coal/Biomass; Biomass Conversion to Fuels and Chemicals—Thermochemical
Processes; Utilization of Biofuels; and Environmental Protection and Health. All
these topics are very relevant to the country and the world in the present context.
The society is grateful to Prof. Ashok Pandey for organizing and hosting this
conference, which led to the germination of this series of monographs, which
included 16 books related to different aspects of energy, environment and sus-
tainability. This is the first time that such a voluminous and high-quality outcome
has been achieved by any society in India from one conference.
The editors would like to express their sincere gratitude to the authors for sub-
mitting their work in a timely manner and revising it appropriately at short notice.
We would like to express our special thanks to Prof. Ashok Pandey, Dr. Jitendra
Saini, Dr. Ruchi Gaur, Dr. Manali Kapoor, Dr. Tirath Raj, Dr. Sandeep Sharma,
Dr. Anil Patel, Dr. Nisha Singh, Dr. Mukund Adsul, Dr. Sindhu Raveendran,
Dr. A. Sabu, Prof. K. Jayachandran, Dr. Suresh P. V., Dr. Bharatiraja B.,
Mr. Chozhavendran, Dr. Kartik Rajendran, Mr. Sivarathanakumar S., Mr. Raja
Sathendra E., Mr. Vinoth Arulraj J. and Dr. Shanmugaprakash, who reviewed
various chapters of this monograph and provided their valuable suggestions to
improve the manuscripts. We acknowledge the support received from various
funding agencies and organizations for successfully conducting the first ISEES
conference SEEC-2017, where these monographs germinated. These include
DepartmentofScienceandTechnology,GovernmentofIndia(specialthankstoDr.
Sanjay Bajpai); TSI, India (special thanks to Dr. Deepak Sharma); Tesscorn, India
(specialthankstoSh.Satyanarayana);AVL,India;Horiba,India;Springer(special
thanks to Swati Mehershi); CIAB(specialthanks toDr. Sangwan).
In this era of technology development, it is inevitable to find eco-friendly and
sustainablesolutionsforwaste-to-value-addedproductconversion.Withtheadvent
of biotechnology, it is possible to utilize waste for the benefits of mankind.
Bioenergy from biomass or algae lipids, bioelectricity from municipal waste, bio-
char application for agriculture and various agricultural residues’ utilization for
getting valuable products have been made successful which helps in handling the
waste as well as getting value out of it.
Preface vii
This monograph is intended for biotechnologists who practice in the area of
waste conversion, and we hope that the book would be of great interest to the
professionals and postgraduate students involved in finding advanced eco-friendly
sustainablesolutionsforwaste handling anditsvalueaddition.Themainobjective
of this monograph is to promote a better and more accurate understanding of the
possible ways to tackle waste generated from various streams, its possible utiliza-
tion for the benefit of mankind and the challenges that need to be tackled.
Faridabad, India Reeta Rani Singhania
Kanpur, India Rashmi Avinash Agarwal
Tiruvannamalai, India R. Praveen Kumar
Thiruvananthapuram, India Rajeev K. Sukumaran
Contents
1 Biopolymers from Wastes to High-Value Products
in Biomedicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Bernardo Bayón, Ignacio Rivero Berti, Ana M. Gagneten
and Guillermo R. Castro
2 Biosurfactants from Processed Wastes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Seba George and K. Jayachandran
3 SynthesisofValueAddedBiomimeticMaterialofHydroxyapatite
Using Aqueous Calcareous Fish Wastes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
M. Sutha, K. Sowndarya, M. Chandran, D. Yuvaraj, B. Bharathiraja
and R. Praveen Kumar
4 Utilization of Crude Glycerol from Biodiesel Industry
for the Production of Value-Added Bioproducts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
S. Chozhavendhan, R. Praveen Kumar, S. Elavazhagan,
B. Barathiraja, M. Jayakumar and Sunita J. Varjani
5 Utilization of Citrus Waste Biomass for Antioxidant Production
by Solid-State Fermentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Ramón Larios-Cruz, Rosa M. Rodríguez-Jasso, Hector A. Ruiz,
Arely Prado-Barragán, Jorge E. Wong-Paz, Raúl Rodríguez-Herrera,
Julio C. Montañez and Cristóbal N. Aguilar
6 Coffee Husk: A Potential Agro-Industrial Residue
for Bioprocess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Swaroop S. Kumar, T. S. Swapna and Abdulhameed Sabu
7 Sustainable Valorization of Seafood Processing
By-Product/Discard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
P. V. Suresh, Tanaji G. Kudre and Lidiya C. Johny
ix
x Contents
8 BioeconomyandBiorefinery: Valorization ofHemicellulosefrom
Lignocellulosic Biomass and Potential Use of Avocado Residues
as a Promising Resource of Bioproducts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Anely A. Lara-Flores, Rafael G. Araújo, Rosa M. Rodríguez-Jasso,
Mario Aguedo, Cristóbal N. Aguilar, Heather L. Trajano
and Héctor A. Ruiz
9 Land Applications of Biochar: An Emerging Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Anil Kumar Patel
10 Vermicomposting: A Green Technology for Organic Waste
Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Kavita Sharma and V. K. Garg
11 Microbial Fuel Cell Technology for Bioelectricity Generation
from Wastewaters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Surajbhan Sevda, Pranab Jyoti Sarma, Kaustubha Mohanty,
T. R. Sreekrishnan and Deepak Pant
12 Economics of Solid Waste Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Karthik Rajendran, V. Sudharsan Varma, Durga Madhab Mahapatra
and Dhamodharan Kondusamy
13 Biodiesel from Microalgae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Rozita Madadi, Meisam Tabatabaei, Mortaza Aghbashlo,
Mohammad Ali Zahed and Ahmad Ali Pourbabaee
14 Food Waste Valorization by Microalgae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
R. Yukesh Kannah, Chinnathambi Velu, J. Rajesh Banu,
Kirsten Heimann and Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan
15 High-Value Coproducts from Algae—An Innovational Way
to Deal with Advance Algal Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Preeti Mehta, Dilip Singh, Rohit Saxena, Rekha Rani,
Ravi Prakash Gupta, Suresh Kumar Puri and Anshu Shankar Mathur
16 Wastewater Algae to Value-Added Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Durga Madhab Mahapatra, V. Sudharsan Varma,
Shanmugaprakash Muthusamy and Karthik Rajendran
17 The Pretreatment Technologies for Deconstruction
of Lignocellulosic Biomass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Manali Kapoor, Surbhi Semwal, Ruchi Gaur, Ravindra Kumar,
Ravi P. Gupta and Suresh K. Puri
18 Bioethanol Production from Sugarcane Green Harvest Residues
Using Auxin-Assisted Pretreatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Jegannathan Kenthorai Raman and Edgard Gnansounou