ASHITA CAMPAIGNS & COMMANDERS GREGORY J. W. URWIN, SERIES EDITOR MMA CAMPAIGNSA ND CO NDERS EDITOR GENERAL W. GregoJr.y UrwinT,e mplUen iversPihtiyl,a delphia, Pennsylvania ADVISOBROYA RD LawrenEc.eB abitEsa,sC ta roliUnnai versGirteye,n ville JameCs. B radfoTredx,a s AeJUMn iversCiotlyl,e Sgtea tion Robert EMp.s teUi.nS,A. r myS chooolfA dvanceMdi litaSrtyu dies, ForLte avenworKtahn,s as DaviMd. GlantCza,r lisPleen,n sylvania JeromAe.G reenNea,t ionPaalr kS ervice VictDoarv iHsa nsonC,al iforSntiaatU en iversFirteys,n o HermaHn attawaUyn,i versoiftM yi ssouKrain,s aCsi ty EugenCi.aK iesliUn.gS,M. i litaArcya demyW,e stP oint, New York TimothKy.N enningNeart,i onAarlc hiveWass,h ingtDo.nC,. BrucVea ndervoVrirtg,i nMiial itaIrnys titLuetxei,n gton ASHITA THEU .SA.R MYA ND THE SOUTHERCNH EYENNE1S8,6 71 869 Je roineA .G reene UNIVERSOIFTO YK LAHOMPAR ESSN ORMAN : ALSOB Y JEROMEA .G REENE Evidenacned t heC usteErn igmaA: R econstrucotfiI onnd iaMni litaHriys tory (KansCaist y1,9 73} SlimB utteAsn: E pisodoeft heG reaSti ouWxa r{ NormaIn9 ,8 2) YellowstCoonmem and:C oloneNle lsoAn. Mileasn dt heG reaSti ouxW ar, r) 1876-18(7L7i ncor9 l9n , Battles Saknidr misohfet sh eG reaSti ouWxa r,1 876-18(7N7o rma1n9,9 3) Lakotaan dC heyennIen:d iaVni ewosf t heG reaSti oux WIa 8r7,6 -18{77N orman, 1994) FrontiSeorl diAenr E:n listMeadn 'fso urnaolft heS iouaxn dN ezP ercCea mpaigns (Hele1n9a9,8 ) NezP ercSeu mmer1,8 77T:h eU .SA.r mya nd tNheee -Me-PCaroi s(iHse le2n0a0,0 ) MorninSgt aDra wn:T heP owdeRri veErx peditainodnt heN ortheCrhne yennes, 1876( Norma2n0,0 3) Thibso ok piusb liswhietdth h eg eneroausss istoafnT cheeM ccasland Founda tioDnu,n canO,k lahoma. LibraorfCy o ngreCsast aloging-in-PDuabtlai cation GreenJee,r omAe. Washittah:e UA.rSm.y a ndt heS outheCrhne yenn1e8s6,7 -1869 /JAe.r ome Greene. p. cm. Inclubdiebsl iograprheifcearle anncdei sn dex. ISBN9 78-0-8061-(3c5l5o1t-h9) ISBN9 78-0-8061-{3p8a8p5e-r5) 1. CheyeInnndei anWasr s1,8 68-18629.I. n diaonfNs o rtAhm erica Wars1 868-18639.S. a nCdr eeMka ssacCroel,o 1.8,6 4.4 .C uster, GeorgArem stron1g8,3 9-18756.B. l acKke ttlChee,y encnhei edf.1, 8 68. I.T itle. E83.8.6G67 250 04 973.81d1c 22 2003055235 WashitThae: U.SA.r mya ndt heS outheCrhne yenne1s8,6 7-18i69sV1 o lum3e i n theC ampaignsC oamnmda ndesresr ies. Thep apeirnt hibso okm eettsh e guidfeolprie nremsa nenacned duraobfit lhiet y Committoene ProduGcutiidoenl ifnoBeros o kL ongevoiftt yh eC ouncoinlL ibrary ResourcIensc,. oo Copyri©g h2t00b4y t heU niversoifOt kyl ahomPar esNso,r manP,u blishDiinvgi sioonft he UniveMrasniutfya.c tuirnte hdeU .S.PAa.p erbpaucbkl ish2e0d0,8 . Allr ighrtess ervNeod p.a rotf t hipsu blicamtaiyob ne r eproduscteodr,ie nda retriseyvsatle mt,r aonrs mititnae ndyf, o romr b ya nym eanse,l ectrmoencihca,n i calp,h otocopyriencgo,r doirno gt,h erwiesxec eapstp ermitutnedde r Se1c0t7i on or1 08o ft heU niteSdt atCeosp yriAgchttw ithotuhte p riworri ttpeenr mission oft heU niversoifOt kyl ahomPar ess. 3 45 6 7 8 9 IO �ONTENTS LisotfI llustrations 1x Acknowledgments x1 l. Human BeianngdSs a ndC reek 3 2. Waro rP eacoen t heP lains 24 3. SummerD epredations 42 Movementasn dS trategies 61 4. . CampS upply 77 5 6.C losiPnrgo ximity 96 7. Washita 116 8. EndR esults 162 9.C ontroversies 183 APPENDICES A. Monumentasn dR esourcoeft sh eW ashiEtnac ountSeirt e1 95 B. ArCmays ualtaitte hseW ashita 209 C. KnownV illaFgaet aliattti heesW ashita 212 D. Other KnVoiwlnl aOgcec upants 215 Notes 217 Bibliography 267 Index 279 LLUSTRJ'�TIONS FIGURES Follopwaigneg 139 BlacKke ttalnedo thers MajoGre nerPahli lHi.pS heridan LieutenCaonlto nel GAe.oC rugset er CaptaFirne derWi.cB ke nteen FirLsite utenTahnotm aWs. C uster CaptaGieno rgWe.Y ates CaptaLionu iMsc LanHea milton LieutenEadnwtasr Sd.G odfrFeyr,a ncHi.Gs i bsoann,dE dwarLda w FirLsite utenOawnetnH ale CaptaAilnb eBratr niatnzdw ife Osagsec outs Mose's' CalifJoorenM'ii'al ner CaptaWiinl liTahmo mpson Battolfte h Wea shita, byJ ameEs.T aylor MajoJro eEll liott SergeMaanjto Wra lteKre nnedy HeroDieca tohfW altKeerne ndy, by JameTsa yEl.o r AssistSaunrtg eHoenn rLyi ppincott