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War on the Waters: The Union and Confederate Navies, 1861-1865 PDF

288 Pages·2012·4.63 MB·English
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War on the Waters THE LITTLEFIELD HISTORY OF THE CIVIL WAR ERA Gary W. Gallagher and T. Michael Parrish, editors Supported by the Littlefield Fund for Southern History, University of Texas Libraries WAR on the Waters The Union and Confederate Navies, 1861–1865 James M. McPherson UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS Chapel Hill © 2012 The University of North Carolina Press All rights reserved. Designed by Kimberly Bryant and set in Miller by Rebecca Evans. Manufactured in the United States of America. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. The University of North Carolina Press has been a member of the Green Press Initiative since 2003. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McPherson, James M. War on the waters : the Union and Confederate navies, 1861–1865 / James M. McPherson. (cid:29)p. cm. — (The Littlefield history of the Civil War era) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8078-3588-3 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. United States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865—Naval operations. 2. United States— History—Civil War, 1861–1865—Riverine operations. 3. United States—History—Civil War, 1861–1865—Campaigns. 4. United States. Navy—History—Civil War, 1861–1865. 5. Confederate States of America. Navy—History. I. Title. E591.M44 2012(cid:29)973.7(cid:118)5—dc23(cid:29)2012007160 16 15 14 13 12(cid:29)5 4 3 2 1 To Annie, who enjoys rocking the boat Contents Introduction, 1 {one } Mobilizing for War, 11 {two } Establishing the Blockade, 31 {three } We’ve Got New Orleans, 50 {four } The River War in 1861–1862, 70 {five } The Confederacy Strikes Back, 96 {six } Nothing but Disaster, 118 {seven } A Most Signal Defeat, 135 {eight } Unvexed to the Sea, 154 {nine } Ironclads, Torpedoes, and Salt, 1863–1864, 170 {ten } From the Red River to Cherbourg, 187 {eleven } Damn the Torpedoes, 207 Conclusion, 224 Acknowledgments, 227 Notes, 229 Bibliography, 253 Index, 269 Illustrations and Maps ILLUSTRATIONS Captain Samuel Francis Du Pont, 12 Union Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles, 15 Commodore Franklin Buchanan of the Confederate navy, 16 Captain Raphael Semmes of the Confederate navy, 23 Confederate Secretary of the Navy Stephen R. Mallory, 28 David Glasgow Farragut after he had been promoted to rear admiral, 37 The sinking of the USS Varuna by the Confederate gunboats J. C. Breckinridge and Governor Moore, April 24, 1862, 61 Part of Farragut’s fleet passing Fort St. Philip, April 24, 1862, 63 The USS St. Louis,71 Attack by the Union Western Flotilla on Fort Henry, February 6, 1862, 75 Mortar raft firing on Island No. 10 at night, March 18, 1862, 80 Flag Officer Andrew Hull Foote in 1862, 83 The CSS Virginia sinking the USS Cumberland, March 8, 1862, 100 Part of the crew of the USS Monitor relaxing on deck after their fight with the Virginia,106 “No. 290” in British waters near Liverpool before she took on her guns and became the CSS Alabama,115 The attack on the Charleston forts by Du Pont’s ironclads, April 7, 1863, 147 The CSS Atlanta, photographed after its capture, with Union sailors on deck, 151 David Dixon Porter, photographed after his promotion to rear admiral, 168 Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren standing next to one of the guns named after him, 176 One of Porter’s gunboats going through the chute created by Colonel Joseph Bailey’s dam at Alexandria, Louisiana, 196

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Although previously undervalued for their strategic impact because the represented only a small percentage of total forces, the Union and Confederate navies were crucial to the outcome of the Civil War. In War on the Waters, James M. McPherson has crafted an enlightening, at times harrowing, and ult
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