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War in the Balkans: An Encyclopedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia PDF

436 Pages·2014·7.93 MB·English
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War in the Balkans This page intentionally left blank War in the Balkans AN ENCYCLOPEDIC HISTORY FROM THE FALL OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE TO THE BREAKUP OF YUGOSLAVIA Richard C. Hall, Editor Copyright©2014byABC-CLIO,LLC Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrieval system,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical, photocopying,recording,orotherwise,exceptfortheinclusionofbriefquotationsina review,withoutpriorpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData WarintheBalkans:anencyclopedichistoryfromthefalloftheOttomanEmpiretothebreakup ofYugoslavia/RichardC.Hall,editor. pagescm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978–1–61069–030–0(hardcopy:alk.paper)—ISBN978–1–61069–031–7(ebook) 1. BalkanPeninsula—History, Military—20thcentury—Encyclopedias. I.Hall,RichardC. (RichardCooper),1950–editor. DR45.W37 2014 949.600403—dc23 2014014296 ISBN:978–1–61069–030–0 EISBN:978–1–61069–031–7 18 17 16 15 14 1 2 3 4 5 ThisbookisalsoavailableontheWorldWideWebasaneBook. Visitwww.abc-clio.comfordetails. ABC-CLIO,LLC 130CremonaDrive,P.O.Box1911 SantaBarbara,California93116-1911 Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Aseverfor Audrey This page intentionally left blank Contents ListofMaps,xiii BalkanEntente,1934,20 Preface,xv BalkanLeague,20 Introduction,xvii BalkanPact,1954,21 BalkanWar,First,1912–1913,22 REFERENCEENTRIES BalkanWar,Second,1913,26 AbdulhamidII(1842–1918),1 BalkanWars,1912–1913,Causes,28 Adrianople,Siegeof,1912–1913,2 BalkanWars,1912–1913,Consequences,31 Adrianople,Treatyof,1829,3 BalkanWars,1912–1913,Naval Albania,ItalianOccupationof,1939,3 Campaigns,32 AlbaniaintheBalkanWars,5 BalliKombetar,33 AlbaniainWorldWarI,7 Berlin,Treatyof,1878,34 AlbaniainWorldWarII,8 Bessarabia,35 AlbanianUprisings,1910–1911,10 Bihac´,36 AlexanderI,KingofYugoslavia BlackHand,36 (1888–1934),11 BlackSeaCampaign,1941–1944,37 AlexanderObrenovic´,KingofSerbia (1876–1903),12 BorisIII,CzarofBulgaria(1894–1943),39 AlexanderofBattenberg,PrinceofBulgaria Bosnia,AustrianOccupation,1878,40 (1857–1893),13 BosnianCrisis,1908–1909,41 AliPasha(1750?–1822),14 BosnianForces,43 Antonescu,Ion(1882–1946),15 BosnianRevolt,1876,44 Austria-HungaryintheBalkansduring BosnianWar,1992–1995,45 WorldWarI,16 BrioniAgreement,47 Averescu,Alexandru(1859–1938),18 vii viii Contents Bucharest,Treatyof,1913,47 DaytonPeaceAccords,1995,91 Bucharest,Treatyof,1918,48 Dimitriev,Radko(1859–1918),92 Bukovina,49 Dimitrijevic´,Dragutin(1876–1917),93 BulgariaintheBalkanWars,50 Djilas,Milova´n(1911–1995),94 BulgariainWorldWarI,53 DobroPole,Battleof,1918,95 BulgariainWorldWarII,57 Dobrudja,96 Bulgarian“FatherlandWar,”1944–1945,58 DodecaneseCampaign,1944,97 BulgarianHorrors,1876,59 Doiran,Battlesof,1915–1918,98 Bulgarian-SerbWar,1885,60 EAM/ELAS,100 CarolI,KingofRomania(1839–1914),62 EDES,101 CarolII,KingofRomania(1893–1953),63 EnverPasha(1882–1922),102 Ceausescu,Nicolae(1918–1989),64 Epirus,104 CerMountain,Battleof,1914,66 FerdinandI,CzarofBulgaria (1861–1948),106 Cˇetniks,67 Fiume/Rijeka,1919–1924,106 Chataldzha,Battleof,1912,68 Gallipoli,1915,108 Cherniaev,M.G.(1824–1898),70 GermanyintheBalkansduringWorld ColdWarintheBalkans,70 WarI,111 ConstantineI,KingofGreece GermanyintheBalkansduringWorld (1868–1923),73 WarII,113 Constantinople,Treatyof,1913,75 Greco-ItalianWar,1940–1941,116 ContestedZone(Macedonia),1912,75 Greco-OttomanWar,1897,118 CorfuChannelIncident,1946,76 Greco-TurkishWar,1919–1922,119 CorfuDeclaration,1917,77 Greece,Invasionof,1941,120 CorfuIncident,1923,78 GreeceintheBalkanWars,122 CretanCrisis,1896,79 GreeceinWorldWarI,123 Crete,Battleof,1941,80 GreeceinWorldWarII,125 CrimeanWar,BalkanOperations,82 GreekCivilWar,129 CroatForces,1991–1995,83 GreekMilitaryCoup,1909,132 CroatWar,1991–1995,84 GreekWarofIndependence, CypriotCivilWar,1963,87 1821–1832,133 CyprusWar,1974,88 Contents ix Greens(Montenegro),134 MacedonianFront,1915–1918,176 HandscharSSDivision,135 MacedonianWar,2001,178 HerzegovinaRevolt,1875,136 MahmudII,OttomanSultan(1785–1839),180 TheHolocaustintheBalkans,137 MahmudMuhtarPasha(1866–1935),182 Horseshoe,Operation,1998,141 Ma˘ra˘s¸es¸ti,Battleof,1917,184 Hoxha,Enver(1908–1985),142 MehmetAli(1769–1849),185 IlindenUprising,1903,144 Metaxas,Ioannis(1871–1941),186 IronGuard,145 MichaelI,KingofRomania(1921–),187 ItalyintheBalkansduringWorldWarI,146 Mihailov,Ivan(1896–1990),187 ItalyintheBalkansduringWorldWarII, Mihajlovic´,Dragoljub“Drazˇa”(1893– 148 1946),188 Izetbegovic´,Alija(1925–2003),150 MilitaryLeague(Bulgaria),189 Janina,Siegeof,1912–1913,153 Milosˇevic´,Slobodan(1941–2006),190 JNA(YugoslavPeople’sArmy),154 Mladic´,Ratko(1943–),192 Kalimantsi,Battleof,1913,157 MontenegroinBalkanEvents, 1876–1878,193 Karadzˇic´,Radovan(1945–),157 MontenegrointheBalkanWars,194 Karageorge(GeorgePetrovic´; 1768–1818),158 MontenegroinWorldWarI,195 Kemal,Mustafa(1881–1938),160 NationalSchism(Greece), 1916–1917,197 Kosovo,Battleof,1915,162 NATOintheBalkans,198 KosovoLiberationArmy,163 Navarino,Battleof,1827,199 KosovoWar,1998–1999,164 Nedic´,Milan(1877–1946),201 Kumanovo,Battleof,1912,166 Neuilly,Treatyof,1920,203 LakePrespa,Battleof,1917,168 NikolaI,KingofMontenegro Lausanne,Treatyof,1923,169 (1841–1921),204 Levski,Vasil(1837–1873),170 NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization,205 LittleEntente,171 NoviPazar,Sanjakof,207 London,Treatyof,1913,172 Obrenovic´,Milan(1854–1901),209 LyuleBurgas–BuniHisar, Obrenovic´,Milosˇ (1780–1860),210 Battleof,1912,173 Odessa,Siegeof,1941,210 Macedonia,174

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