War Criminals Welcome: Australia, A Sanctuary for Fugitive War Criminals Since 1945

671 Pages·2001·8.169 MB·English

by  Mark Aarons

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CRIMINALS
WELCOME
AUSTRALIA,A SANCTUARY
FOR FUGITIVWEAR CRIMINALS
SINCE1 945
Mark Aarons
FOREWORD BY BOB HAWKE
PublishbeydB lacIkn can. ,i mprionfSt c hwarPtuzb lishing
Leve3l,1 67C olliSnts
MelbournVei cto3r0ia0 0
Allr ighrtess erved.
No parotf t hipsu blicamtaioybn e r eproducsetdo,r eidna
retriesvyaslt eomr,tr ansmitteidna nyf ormb ya nym eans
electromneicch,a nicpahlo,t ocopyriencgo,r dinorg
otherwiwsiet hotuhte prcioonrs eonftt hep ublishers.
© MarkA aron2s0 01
Indebxy M ichaeRla msden
NationLailb raorfyA ustraClaitaa loguinPgu-bilni-cation
entry
AaronMsa,r k.
Warc riminwaellsc omAeu stra:l isaaa nctuafroyrf ugitive
warc riminsailnsc 1e9 45.
Includiensd ex.
ISBN1 8 639357 01 .
1.W arc rimin-aAluss tral2i.Wa a.r c rimin-aAlssi a3..
Warc rimin-aElusr ope4..F a sci-sAtuss tral5i.a .
Austra-lEimai gratainodni mmigratioIn.T. i tle.
364.1380994
Contents
ForeworbdyB obH awkev ii
Introduct1i on
MainC haractaenrdsO rganisat7i ons
ParOtn e Austra2l0ia0 1Mu:r dereArmso ngU s 17
ChapteOrn e WarC rimina'lWse lcom1e9'
ChapteTrw o TheW arC riminaNlesx tD oor3 5
ParTwto Europ1e9 39-19T4he9W :e st'Nsa ziA gent5s 7
ChapteTrh reeL atviAau'xsi liPaorlyi c5e9
ChaptFeoru r Latvi1a9,4-4 14 81
ChapteFri veC roat1ia9,4 1-4150 1
ChapteSri x OperatHieoanda che/Boathill:
US Intelligaenndtc heeN aziS canda1l3 3
Chapter SevOepne riatoRnu mmageT:h eN aziS candal Cont1i5n3u es
ParTth ree Aust1r9a4l7i-a 19T6he7C :o ver-U1p7 9
ChapteEri ghtC harlSepsr yN'asz iA gent1 81
ChapteNri ne ASIO'Nsa ziA gent2s0 7
ChapteTre n Invaluable AtsoAs SiIsOt2 a2n1c e
ChapteErl evenA rthuCra lwelTlh:eP olitiCcoavle r-UBpe gin2s4 4
ChapteTrw elveH:a rolHdo ltT:h eP olitiCcoavle r-Up Cont2i5n9u es
ChapteTrh irteeHna rolHdo ltB:l ackmaitlhien g Je2w7s3
ChapteFro urteeBnr igadSiperry T:h eI ntelligCeonvceer -U2p8 7
ChapteFri fteeAnt hoTlo wnleayn dt heM assK illoefrU ngvar3 13
ParFto ur Austra1li9a5 5-200T1he:C onsequenc3e3s5
ChapteSri xteeLnj enkUor banCicTh:e LlberaPla rty'Lsi ttGloee bbel3s3 7
ChapteSre venteeBnr itiIsnht elligaenndtc heeL aunderionfLg j enk3o5 8
ChapteEri ghteeBnr igadSiperrya ndC roatiTaernr oris3m9 0
Chapter NineTtheeeF nr iaWra sA Terroris4t0 9
ChapteTrw entyA SIOs'T errori4s2t3
ParFti veA ustra1li9a6 1-20T0he1S :e arcfho rJ usti4c4e2
Chapter Twenty-One BaGrawrifciJkeu:ls dt iAcbea ndone44d4
ChapteTrw enty-TwBoo bH awkeT:h eS earcfho rBe latJeuds ti4c6e5
ChapteTrw enty-ThrTeheeK eatiGnogv ernment:Ju stice Bet4r8a5y ed
Postscr5i2p3t
Endnote5s3 1
Inde6x 35
FoErs thFeirs zman
Asa y ounggi rEls,t hwearss wepintt o
thweh irlwoiftn hdNe a zid'esa th
machinAesra yt .e enasgheuern derwent
indescrtiobratbaulnredpe a ibnu,t
miraculsouurvsilvyae std h yeo ungest
surviovfAo urs chwaintdez m ergteod
buialn de wl iifneA u strwailtiha her
husbaSnadm,a, n dc hildMrieaan n,d
RobeHretr.c ouravgieb,rc ayhn,u mour
andd etermintaoft aisohnai p oons itive
futufrreot mh aes hoefsh epra shta ve
inspirmeeda nda lwlh ok nowh er.
Foreword
Thet wentiectehn turways noonte i nw hichh umankincdo ultda ke
greaptr idiens howinigt csa paciftoyrc ivilibseehda vuiro.Wa rsg,r eat
ands malkli,l lteedn osf m illibountsb arbarwiatsyn otc onfinetdot he
battlefoiret lhdeds i reccitv ilsiuafnf eroifna gc tosf w arN.o rw as that
barbariinta yn ys enseex clusipveerlpye trabtyeo dn ec ountorynt he
populatioofan nso theDri.c tatorosfht ihpeRs i ghatn dL eftto rturaendd
killmeidl lioofnt sh eiorw nc itizens.
Andf orn o groupp eoopfl wea st hidsa rks idoef t heh umans pirit
mored evastattihnagnf ort he JeSwisx.m illipoenr ishiendt he
Holoucsati,. tew.o o uto fe verfyi vJee wso nt hef acoef t he earth were
slahutgerefdo r ontoh erre asotnh atnh atth ewye reJ ews.
Austraplliaay eads ignifircoalinentt he fiagghati nNsatz isomu to f
proporttiooi ntn su mberasn dr emotenfersosmt hes cenoef c onflIitc t.
ise ntittloeb dep rouodf t harto le.
We don oth owevehra vet he same rfeoarps roindi ent hew ayw e
alloweNda zik illetrose ntetrh icso untrayn db ecomeAu stralian
citiziennt sh ep erioafdt tehre S econWdo rlWda r.
MarkA aronisn t hidse nsedloyuc menteadn d trenchaarngtuleyd
book establilsahxeyis,ot btfhues cat-iaonndw ors-ew hich allowed
this hatpop eTnh.e rwea sa genuinreea sofno rc oncern ipne rtihoids
aboutth e disruapntdhi evgee monisitntiecn tiooftn hseS oviUenti on.
Butt ooo ftetnh ep rismo fa nti-commundiissmt oratneddi ndeed
perverttheedp roceosfs screeonuitfn rgo m tihmem igratpiroong rams
thosweh oh adb eeng uilotfyw arc rimeisnt hes erviocfte h eN aziansd
theipru pperte gimes.
Iti sp ossi-balned I t hink Aadrooen-sst oa ttribmuotreeb lamteo
ones idoef p olittihcasn the footrth heifrsa ilubruett; h et rutihst hat
neither esmiedreg eusn blemishoerdf refer oml egitimcartiet icism
viii FOREWORD
eithienrr e gatrdot hee ntroyfs ucphe oploert hef ailuornec,ie d entified,
toi nitiiantvee stigaatnidoif,n pso sisblwei tha pproprieavtied entcoe ,
takteh emt ot rial.
Time shoubleda healiangge nbtu tn otan obliteroafte ovri l.
Austrahlaisba e ebnl essbeedy onmde asurbeyt hem oret hasni x million
immigraanntdsr efgueewsh oh avec omef rom1 40d ifferent countries to
makeo urn atitohne inerw h ome.
We shouclodn tintuoew elcomseu chp eoplwea rmyl.T his
important bwyoM rakr kA arons serves howwaervnue srt htatoth is
commitmetnotp ursuionugr e conomiicn tereste xatnedn dionugr
compassimouns t baec companibeyd aenf fectmievceh anism to
preclufdreo me ntrtyh osweh o havec ommittoerda bettcerdi mes
againhsutm anity.
RJLHawke
2nAdp ri2l0 01
War CriminalWse lcome Introduction
Few issueisn A ustralhiaav eb eend ebateadn dr eportmeodr e
freque,no trlo yvear longer petrhiaontd h,es toroyfw arc riminianl s
thicsou ntrSyi.n c1e9 47w,h ent hef irmsats sk iller stetphpeeb do aotf f
andt hep os-tWorlWda rI Ii mmigratisocnh emgeo t intsow ifnuglt,hl e
Nazis candhaalsb eena lmoscto ntinuoudselbya tbeydp oliticainadn s
reportbeyd tmheed iaO.ve rt he yearosf,if ctifhaiell ients h ei ntelligence
vaultst hoeAf u stralSieacnu riItnyt elliOgregnacnies ationt haefn idl ing
cabineotfts h ed epartmenotfsI mmigratiFoonr,e iAgffna irasn dt he
AttornGeeyn erhaalv eg rownu nabadt.e
In facfte,w s toriineA su stralhiiasnt ory bheaevne e ansd urinogr a s
volatRiellea.t iboentsw eetnh ei ndigencooumsm unitianeds thew hite
colonihsatvse h ias tofroyu trim esa sl onags w arc riimnalansd c ontinue
tog enerahteea ted deabnadpt oel arirseepdo rtAisni gn.t hec asoef t he
warc riminoaftl hsep ashta lf-cure,ynt thew ord'g enocihdaesf' r equently
beena t tcheen troef thidse batOet.h erm ajort hemeisn m odem
Australihains to-rinyc luditnhgeC atho-lPircotestcaonntf lict',R etdh e
Menace,' consctraixpattiiononan,t, i onalainsdmn ationiadlne ttiy,
republicainmimsimg,r atainodSn t atersi'g h-thsa veea chi,nt heiwra y,
beenl ong-rurui1insgs ueosfp ublic poorlp ioclyi tircealli,g iaonuds
cultudreabla tteh ahta vea ttracotnegdo imnge dirae porting.
2 INTRODUCTION
War criminsahlesl terhienrgem ay nota ffectth ed aillyi veosf
Australiinaq nusi tteh es amew ay,b utt helye aves taa ionno urs ociety
which neteodb se a ddressed. Itnhdeef eadc,t tmhaastsk illearnsd
torturceornst intuofe i nAdu straal wieal comisnagn ctuairnyd icts not
onloyu rg overnmeanntdsb ureaucrabcuitae lsol,f u s.
My owni nvolvemweinttth h em assk illleirvsi anmgo ngu ss pans
almoshta ltfh et imiet h asb eena publiiscs uaes,w elals h almfy own
lifetiIms et.u mbled across btyha ec cisdteoinrn1ty 9 77w hen,a sa
youngr eportert hfeAo urs h·alBiraona dcastCionrgp oratiowna,s I
investigcaltaiintmghs a UtS intellihgaedn cpe laay meadj opra ritn t he
dismisosfat lh eW hitlam government in1 9N7.o5S vienmcbee rt hen, it
hash ada profouenffde cotn m y lifoeu,t loaonkd e xperieInh caev.e
broadcsaesvte rmaalj oirn vestigdaotciuvmee ntaroinet sh es ubjeacntd
writtaen nu mbeorf b ookosn r elatmeadt teTrhse.s torhya st akemne to
allc orneorsft heg lobaen di ntdruocedm e tcou lturtehsa t were
previoufsolrye ighna.v emI a del ifetfirmiee nadnsd c olleagwuheos
wouldo therwhiasvee p assemde by.F ort hiIsa m grateful.
Butt hihsa sn otl essenmeyd d espatihra stu ccessgiovvee rnments
havek nowingallyl owehdu ndredosfm en responsifbolrt eh ec ruel
imprismoenntt,o rturraep,ae n dm asse xecutoifot ne nosf t housanodfs
innocecnitv ilitaomn ask e AustraliTah ehf oamcteth. a mto sto ft hese
Nazi maksisl laerresn owe ithdeera do,r s oonw ilble ,i sn oc omfort.
Theivri ctihmasv eh adn oj ustiTchees. u rvivoofrt sh eicrr ime-ss ome
ofw homa lso seitnAt ulsetdr anleixadt o otro t hefiorr metro rment-ors
haveh ad njou stiTcheew. i dows tohfeA ustralsiearnv icewmheond ied
fightNianzgi sm hhaavden oj ustiNcoerh. a st he wicdoemrm unyi.t
Thiwsi lhlo,w eevrs,o oonn lbye a m atteorfh istoriinctaelr Beostth.
thec riminaalnsd t hes urvivwoirlsl sboeod ne ada ndt heisrt oriweisl l
pasfsr omc ontemporpaorilyt itcosh istordiecbaalt e.
Thei ssuteh,o ugwh,i lrle maianl ivIen.d eeidt,w ilelm ergien to
publidce bataeg aiann da gaiinn t hen exfti ftyye arnso,t f romt he
resurrecotfti hoen Naszcia ndbault,b ecaunseew g eneratioofmn ass s
killehrasv eb eenw elcometdo A ustralkinao,w ignl,y by successive
governmenotvse rt hep asttw enty-fyievaer Tsh.e b ureaucraantds
politicwihaon s run immigratioann da proelr iecsyp onsifbolre
War CriminaWlesl come 3
protecttihnegn atiofnr omt hes courgoefw arc riminaalrse t oday
repeattihnegm istakmeasd eh alfa centuargyo T.h ey airgen oritnhge
evidentchea fto rmeKrh merR ougem emberosf t hem urderoPuoslP ot
regimsee,c rpeotl ifcreo mA fghanisatnadCn h ilSee,r biaannd C roatian
paramiliftoarrcyfe rso mt heB alkanwsa rso ft he1 990asn dS talinist
secrpeotl icfer omC entraaln dE asteErunr opaer el ivinfgr eeilny
Australia.
Unlessso methiinsgd ones oont,h esnee w generatioofnw sa r
criminwaillsel v adjeu stijcuesa,ts t heN azidsi db efotrhee mI.ft heries
onel essoonf t hep astf iftyye arist,i st hawta rc riminmaulsst b e
investigaantdbe rdo ugthotj ustiacsse o ona sa llegateimoenrsg Teh.e re
isn ot imteo w asteT.h ep assionfge acyhe amra kesi tm orel iketlhya t
witneswseisld li em,e moriewsi lfla daen dt hec riminwaillsll i voeu t
thetiirm pee acefualnlduy n punishienAd u straLliikate.h eN azibse fore
themt,h esnee wg eneratiwoinlhsla vef ounadp ermanewnetl come.
*
Hundreodfsp eoplhea veh elpemde ovetrh ep asttw enty-yfeiarvses ince
If irbsetg atno in vestigwaatrec riminina lAsu stralMiaan.yc annobte
identibfeiceadu thsee informatlieoanda,sn dd ocumentthse pyr ovided
breachtehde iora thtso p resersveec reltesarn edi nt hec ourseo ft heir
official daust sipeise sd,i plomaltasw,e nforcemeonftfi cers and
governmentb ureaucraItnsm .o stc asetsh,e yd ecidetdo r esoltvhee
conflicbte tween tetlhletrin ugt h apnrde servsinegc rebcyy s peaking
anonymoluysT.h er easotnh egya vef orb reachitnhge idru tyi nvariably
relatteotd h er epugnanthceey f eltto wardtsh eipro litimcaaslt erwsh,o
hadturn ed ab linde yet ot hem assk illreerssi diinnA gu straAllitah.o ugh
thespee oplcea nnobte o penlayc knowledgtehdek,yn oww hot heayr e
andt hatth ehya vem y deepest graftoirst huadrei tnhge isre crweotr ld
witmhe .
Robyn Ravhlaiscb he ent hem osti mportapnetr soinns upporting
my worko vert hep astq uartoefra centurWyi.t hout her love,
understanadnidnf go rbearaIwn ocuel dn evehra veb eena blteo s tart,
leatl onceo mpletthee,c omplerxe searacnhdw ritiinngv olved.
4 INTRODUCTION
Severpaelo plhea vep rovidseodu ndh istoraidcvailc ees,p ecially
Professor Konrada n iKnwtieerton,n aatlilrye nowned exopne rt
HitleFr'isn Saoll uwthioh oansp atienrtelayda ndr e-retahded rafts
ando fferheids a dvicaen ds upporLti.k ewisPee,t eWre rtheihma s
contribuhtieswd e ll-estabhliissthoerdai ncdal li tereaxrpye rtSiasme .
Fiszmarne adt hed raftasn d provideidn valuahbilset oriacnadl
politiacdavli ce.
I am especiailnldye btteodt hem en andw omeno fA ustralia's
SpeciIanlv estigaUtniiot(n SsI Ut)h,es hort-ltiavsekdf oersctea blished
byt heH awkeg overnmeinnt1 98t7o i nvestiagnadtp er osecuNtaez i
warc riminIanlp sa.r ticuItl haarn,tk h et wom enw hoh eadetdh iusn it,
BobG reenwooQdC andG rahamB lewitthte,l attneorw t heD eputy
Prosecuotfot rh eI nternatTiroinbauln barli ngitnojg u sticcrei minals
fromt her eceBnatl kawnasr sM.a nyo themre mberosf t heu nihta ve
alspor ovidferdi endsahnidpa dvicoev ert hey earisn,c ludiJnogh n
JansenB,o b Reid,K eithC onwell, Bruce aHnudg gAentnte
Brettingham-MLoiokreew.iI s aem grateffuolrt hea ssistaonvceer
manyy earosfA mericaNna zi-hunteesrpse,cl iyaJ lohnL oftu(sw hose
workh elpetdoi gnittheed ebatteh alte dt ot hef ormatiooftn h eS IU)
andE liR osenbauOmf.f icioaflt sh eS imonW iesentCheanlt rhea ve
alsoa ssisteesdp,e ciaSlollLy i ttma(nC anadioafnf icaen)d E fraim
Zuro££( Israoeflfii ce).
Thibso okw ouldn evehra veb eenw rittweint hotuhtea ssistaonf ce
numerous archwihvoi hsetlsp emde tol ocatseo mee xtraordinary
materiTahle.s ei ncludMee:r ilyMni nell, BaBrebracrBeae, t tOe' Brien
andM oirSam ythoef t heN ationAarlc hivoefsA ustralia;M aSraklsl y
andJ ohnT ayloorf t heU S NationAarlc hiveJso;s ipPaa veorf t he
CroatiAarnc hivPeest;e Rri bnikoafrt heS loveniAarnc hivDeism;i tri
Kabeljanosfkt yh eU krainiAarnc hives; Mariannoef t hDea cey
ArchivoefAs u stralJui daani caan;dt hes taoffft heP ublRiecc orOdf fice
inL ondonA.n tunM iletoiftc h eM ilitaHriys toIrnys titiunBt eel grade
alsaos sisitneo db tainiinnvga luaabrlceh imvaatle riianSl e rbiaasd, i d
DusanB ibeirn S lovenAinad.r eja FuDralnaenM ,a taiacn dA mira
Smail-Begoofvt ihce S loveniCarno,a tiaannd B osniaInn formation
CommitteaensdA ndreBye zrucheonfkt oh eN ovosPtrie sAsg enciyn