War by Other Means: Geoeconomics and Statecraft

377 Pages·2016·8.19 MB·English

by  Robert D. Blackwill and Jennifer M. Harris

War by Other Means

War (cid:76)(cid:222)
Other Means
GEOECONOMICS AND STATECRAFT
Robert D. Blackwill and Jennifer M. Harris
• A COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS BOOK •
the belknap press of
harvard university press
Cambridge, Massachusetts
London, England
2016
Copyright © 2016 by Robert D. Blackwill and Jennifer M. Harris
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of Amer i ca
First printing
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ization, think tank, and publisher dedicated to being a resource for its members, government
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Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
Names: Blackwill, Robert D., author. | Harris, Jennifer M., 1981- author.
Title: War by other means : geoeconomics and statecraft / Robert D. Blackwill and Jennifer
M. Harris.
Description: Cambridge, Mas sa chu setts : The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press,
2016. | “A Council on Foreign Relations Book.” | Includes bibliographical references and
index.
Identifi ers: LCCN 2015037690 | ISBN 9780674737211 (alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Economic sanctions— Political aspects. | International economic relations—
Political aspects. | United States— Foreign economic relations—21st century. | Geopolitics.
Classifi cation: LCC HF1413.5 .B545 2016 | DDC 327.1/110973— dc23 LC rec ord
available at http:// lccn . loc . gov / 2015037690
Contents
Acknowl edgments vii
Introduction 1
1. What Is Geoeconomics? 19
2. Geoeconomics and the International System 33
3. Today’s Leading Geoeconomic Instruments 49
4. Geoeconomics in Chinese Foreign Policy 93
5. Geoeconomic Strength in Beijing and Beyond 129
6. U.S. Foreign Policy and Geoeconomics in Historical Context 152
7. Amer i ca’s Geoeconomic Potential 179
8. The Geoeconomics of North Amer i ca’s Energy Revolution 204
9. American Foreign Policy in an Age of Economic Power 220
10. Geoeconomics, U.S. Grand Strategy, and American National
Interests 251
Notes 259
Index 351

Acknowl edgments
We would like to express our gratitude to the many people who helped
make this book a reali ty. To begin, we thank Council on Foreign Relations
president Richard N. Haass, director of studies James M. Lindsay, and di-
rector of the Maurice R. Greenberg Center for Geoeconomic Studies Mi-
chael A. Levi for their support of this proje ct and insightful feedback
throughout the drafting pro cess.
We owe a debt to the CFR 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 study groups on
geoeconomics for their comments and critiques, all of which improved the
ideas underl ying the book. The text also benefi ted from interviews con-
ducted with current and former U.S. government offi cials, as well as in-
sights from researchers and journalists immersed in issues of economics
and foreign policy.
Our work builds upon the scholarly expertise of David Baldwin, Alan
Dobson, and David Singh Grewal, three authors who pioneered a neces-
sary trail in the study of geoeconomics in their respective work. We are
equally grateful to have received comments at vari ous stages of this proje ct,
forcing us to rethink, clarify, and improve our text. These valuable com-
mentators were Graham Allison, Richard Danzig, John Deutch, Andrew
Erdmann, Martin Feldstein, Ellen Frost, Peter Harrell, Sasha Post, Sarah
Stillman, Ali Wyne, Philip Zelikow, Rachael Ziemba, and Robert Zoellick.
None of them, of course, bears any responsibility for the fi nal product.
viii Acknowledgments
We are deeply indebted to our executive editor from Harvard University
Press, Thomas LeBien, who was masterly in guiding us to a more polished
and incisive text. We are also grateful to our agent, Andrew Wylie, as well
as to Patricia Dorff and the team in CFR’s Publications Department, and
to Iva Zoric and the CFR Global Communications and Marketing team
for their valuable assistance. Most import ant, we thank our three research
associates at CFR whose contributions to this book were indispensable:
Lauren Dickey, our gifted sinologist, Allison Dorey, and Matthew Lester, a
supporting force behind the fi nal manuscript.
We save for last our families— Karen, Ken, Ashley, and Sasha for Jennifer,
and Vera Hildebrand for Robert. It is to you that this book is dedicated.
War by Other Means