ALSO BY JAMES P. DUFFY The Sinking of the Laconia and the U-Boat War: Disaster in the Mid-Atlantic Target: America: Hitler’s Plan to Attack the United States Hitler’s Secret Pirate Fleet: The Deadliest Ships of World War II Target Hitler: The Plots to Kill Adolf Hitler Hitler Slept Late: And Other Blunders That Cost Him the War Lincoln’s Admiral: The Civil War Campaigns of David Farragut NAL CALIBER Published by New American Library, an imprint of Penguin Random House LLC 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 This book is an original publication of New American Library. First Printing, January 2016 Copyright © James P. Duffy, 2016 Maps by Chris Erichsen Front jacket photographs: planes © Everett Historical/Shutterstock Images; mountains © Minden Pictures/Getty Images; soldier © Getty Images. Back jacket photograph © Corbis. Penguin Random House supports copyright. Copyright fuels creativity, encourages diverse voices, promotes free speech, and creates a vibrant culture. Thank you for buying an authorized edition of this book and for complying with copyright laws by not reproducing, scanning, or distributing any part of it in any form without permission. You are supporting writers and allowing Penguin Random House to continue to publish books for every reader. NAL Caliber and the NAL Caliber colophon are trademarks of Penguin Random House LLC. For more information about Penguin Random House, visit penguin.com. eBook ISBN: 978-1-10161109-8 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA: Duffy, James P., 1941– War at the end of the world: Douglas MacArthur and the forgotten fight for New Guinea, 1942–1945/James P. Duffy. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-451-41830-2 1. World War, 1939–1945—Campaigns—New Guinea. 2. MacArthur, Douglas, 1880–1964. I. Title. D767.95.D84 2016 940.54'265—dc23 2015019828 PUBLISHER’S NOTE While the author has made every effort to provide accurate telephone numbers and Internet addresses at the time of publication, neither the publisher nor the author assumes any responsibility for errors, or for changes that occur after publication. Further, publisher does not have any control over and does not assume any responsibility for author or third-party Web sites or their content. Version_1 To the memory of Mary Gallagher In addition to all our other difficulties, there was New Guinea itself, as tough and tenacious an enemy as the Japanese. —GENERAL DOUGLAS MACARTHUR Heaven is Java; hell is Burma; but no one returns alive from New Guinea. —SAYING POPULAR AMONG JAPANESE SOLDIERS CONTENTS Also by James P. Duffy Title Page Copyright Dedication Epigraph List of Maps INTRODUCTION PROLOGUE PART ONE: 1942 CHAPTER 1. “This Is War, Not a Sunday School Picnic” CHAPTER 2. “Every Man for Himself” CHAPTER 3. First Landings in New Guinea CHAPTER 4. A General in Search of an Army CHAPTER 5. To Port Moresby by Sea CHAPTER 6. Second Landings in New Guinea CHAPTER 7. Death Along the Kokoda Track CHAPTER 8. First Defeat at Milne Bay CHAPTER 9. “Take Buna, or Not Come Back Alive” PART TWO: 1943 CHAPTER 10. Sailing the Bismarck Sea CHAPTER 11. Assault on Salamaua CHAPTER 12. Pincers Around Lae CHAPTER 13. War on the Huon Peninsula CHAPTER 14. Invasion Across the Straits PART THREE: 1944 CHAPTER 15. The General and the Admiralties CHAPTER 16. Reckless and Persecution CHAPTER 17. Next Stop: Wakde CHAPTER 18. Bloody Biak CHAPTER 19. The General, the President, and the Admiral CHAPTER 20. Breakout from Wewak CHAPTER 21. Island-Hopping to Victory EPILOGUE Photographs Acknowledgments Bibliography Source Notes Index MAPS The Japanese Plan for War, December 1941 Rabaul and Vicinity, 1941 The Japanese Advance into the Solomons–New Guinea Area, January–July 1942 The Pacific Areas, 1 August 1942 Japanese Thrust Across Mountains Toward Port Moresby The Huon Peninsula and the Straits Southwest Pacific Operations, September 1943–February 1944 Admiralty Islands Hollandia-Aitape Operations New Guinea, 1942–1944 Biak Island Operation Morotai Island Operation
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