War and State Formation in Syria: Cemal Pasha's Governorate During World War I, 1914-1917

307 Pages·2014·3.47 MB·English

by  M. Talha Çiçek

Wara ndS taFtoer matiinSo ynr ia
DuritnhgFe i rWsotr lWda rC,e rnaP!a shaat temtpote esdt abdliirscehoc nt­
troovle Sry rainadt h erreebayffi Ortmt omaaunt horitthyr otvuhagerhri eo us
poliocfci oenst irnocll,u tdhiaenb go lisohflm oecniatnl t ermediaries.
Elaboroantt ihneOgst et ompaonl iocfci oenst trhobilos,o aks seCsesrneas!
Pashpao'lsi tcoiweasdr idff erent gprooluiipnSts yi rciasalon c iientcyl,u ding
ArabiZsitosn,i Cshtrsi,s ctliearng yamnedAn r meniiamnm igraTnhtes .
authtohreg no eosnt o analyze Pasha's tehcdeou ncsactriiopntailo na ctivities,
ofS yribaontsMh,u slainmdC hrisatnida nrt,eh ceo nstorfut chmteai ojorn
Syricainta isesse,s hsoiwtn hge psoel iccoinetsr itbohu itaset dt etmopc tr eate
ideOatlt omcaint izens.
Ani mporatdadnittt ioeo xni sltiirtnaegt uornte h seo cainadpl o lihtiisc­al
toroyfW orlWda rI ,a nd contar inbeuwut nidnegr stoafnO dtitnogm an
Syrainadi, t tsr ansforimnataton ia otni ont-hsibtsoa otwkei ,lb leo fi nterest
tos tudeanntdss c holwairtashn i nteirnes stta te foPromlaitatiniodcn s,
Hisrtyo.
M. Tallia<; ii;eiksA ssisPtraonfte astsI osrtb aunlM cdeniUynevite rtsyi,
TurkeHyi.rs e seairncthe riensctlHsui dset oofrt yhM eo derMnid dlEea st,
IslaHmiiscyt ,oL ratOet tomHains taonrdyH istorraipohSygo,c- iPoolitical
HistoofOr tyt omSaynr ainadA rabAiraa,Tb r ibes tuhOnetd teorm an Rule,
ModernT urkHiissht aonrdWyo ,r lHdi srtyo.
RoutSlteudidgMniei e dsEd alset Heirsnt ory
Ther egihoins'tsfo rrotymh eea rltiiemstetots h per esiecsna tt erebdyt hfiosr
sermiaedsue p tohfe vleartryee sste aBrocohki.sn clpuodlei tical, social,
culturrealli,ga inodu se,c ohnioosmrtiyc.
TheB oundaorfMi oedse rPna lestine,
1. 1840-1947
GiedoBngi er
TheS urvoefPy a lesutnidneterh B er itiMsahn date,
2. 1920-48
DovG avish
BritPirsoh- ConisnEu glysp t,
3. 1914-29
WR.L ong
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IslaSme,c ulaarnidNs amti onaliinMs omd erTnu rkey
4.
Whoi saT urk?
SoneCarg atpay
MamluaknsdO ttomans
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StudiinHe oson ur Moifc hWaienlt er
EditbeydD avdJi .W assersatneAdim niA yalon
Afghanistan
6.
Politicaaln dEF xrtaeirnIlantltfy ree ernce
NabiM isdaq
TheP ashBae'dso uin
7.
Tribeasn dS taitnte h Eeg ypotfM ehemet1 08A5l-4i8,
ReuvAehna roni
Russainad Iirnta hnGe r eaGta me
8.
TrvaelogaunedOs r ientalism
EleAnnad ereva
TheG hazSiu ltaanndst hFer ontoifIe srlsa m
9.
A Comparativoeft hSLeta utMdeey d ieavnadEl a rMloyd ePme riods
AlAin ooshahr
TheO rigoifnt shL ei byNaant ion
10.
ColonLieagclayE ,x ialnedt hEem ergeonfac N ee wN atiotant-eS
AnnBaa lidnetti
TheO rigoifnS sy riNaant ionhood
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HistorPiieosn,ea enrdIs d entity
EditbeyAd d eBle shara
EndiEnmgp iirnet hMei ddElaes t
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BrittahiUenn ,i tSetda taendsP ost-Dweacron liozoant1,i49 5-73
Smion Smith
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ProtteasnMti ssionairnti heLese vant
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Ungodly P1u280r-i6ta0n s,
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BritSiosmha liland
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AnA dmiinsattriHvies rtyo1,29 0-60
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15. in
CernaP!a shGao'vse rrantoDeu riWnogr lWda r 1I19,-4 17
Ta/h(;ai �ek
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War andS tatFeo rmation
inS yria
CemalP ashag'osv ernordautrei ng
1914-17
WorldW arI ,
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Ther igohftM . Talh<;:ai r;etko b ei dentiafisea du thoorft hiwso rkh asb een
assertbeydh imi na ccordawnictesh e cti7o7na sn d7 8o ft heC opyright,
Desigannsd P atenAtcst1 988.
Allr ighrtess erveNdo. p arotf t hibso okm ayb er eprinotrer dep roduocre d
utiliisnae ndy fo rm orb ya nye lectromneicch,a nicoarol t,h emre ansn,o w
knowno rh ereafitnevre ntiendc,l udpihnogt ocopyainndrg ec ordinogri, n
anyi nformatisotno raogrer etrisevyaslt ewmi,t hopeurtm issiionnw riting
from thep ublishers.
Trademanrokt icPer:o duocrtc orpornaatmee msa yb et radermkasor
registterraedde maarknsda, r eu seodn lfyo ri dentificaantdie oxnp lanation
without itnoit nefrnitn ge.
BritiLsihb raCrayt aloguiinPn ugb licaDtiaotna
A catalorgecuoer fodr thibso oki sa vailafrbolme t heB ritiLsihb rary
LibraorfyC ongreCsast alogiinnP gu blicatDiaotna
<;:ir;ekM,. Talha.
Wara nds tafotrem atiionnS yriCae:rn aP!a shag'osv ernoradtuer ing
WorlWda r 1914-19I1M7. T alh<;:ai r;ek.
I,
pagecsm . (-Routlesdtgued iienMs i ddlEea stern history)
Includbeisb liograrpehfiecraelna ncdei sn dex.
CernaP!a sa1,8 72-2129.2 .T urkey-Polaintdgi ocvse rnment-1909-1918.
I.
3.S yria-Polaintdgi ocvse rnment-2c0etnht u4ry..W orlWda r,
1914-1918-S5y.Wr oiral.Wd a r,1 914-18-9-T1ureky.
6.T urkey-Relation7s.S- ySryirai-aR.e lationIs-.TT iutrlkee.y .
DR592.C46C53 2014
95 69.10 4-dc23
ISBN9:7 8-0-415-7(2h8b1k8)- 8
ISBN9:7 8-1-315-8(5e1b7k8)- 5
TypesientT imeNse wR oman
byC envePou blisSheervri ces
Contents
Acknoewdlgemnts
XI
Lisofta bbreviations
XU
Introdumcutlitoibnpa:lc ek grounds
Ottomeannti rnytW oor lWda r aIn dC erna/P asahs'a ppointment
toS yria
I
Cemaplr'ess- thyoio rfS yriagno vernorate
3
Naturofet hOet tomrfaeonr misnS yriaan: asesneotsft s hme
litera1t2u re
Staftorem atiUonnin,oi isdte ologtyh,ce h aanrdao cfCt eemra l's
governainnSc yrei a
16
A reevwio ft hlei teraantsduo ruera cneods ul tionfet hset yu d
24
Eliminoaftti ho"enA rabbiasrtr iCeerm"aP:la shaan dt he
1
Arabmiosvte ment 39
The YoungTu rkasn dt hAera bipsatre tsbi feoret hwea r
40
Cemaple'rsc epoftt ihAoenra bimsovte meanntid t istn entions
43
Thper coesofsp usnhimeenxte:c uatniedox ni le
47
Amisa ndim pacotft heex ecuatniedox nisl 5e1s
UsitnghO et tomcaapnlh iaatgea itnhsAetra bimsovte ment
56
SharfHi usserienv'otslh Bter, is hte ipxeditainodtn h,ne e w
moedratiinto hnpe o liocfA yr asbmi
59
NegoattiiownistS hha rfH iussaeniFdna y sfaolrp eace
63
Asserotfis otnaa tuet hoorviesetrcy o ndalroyc,aa nld,a utonomous
2
structuresC:h rZiisoctnliieasrantgn syMd, u tasarriLfieybyaan o7n 7
in
Cerna/P ashtah,Je e wasn,dt hZei onmiovsetm ent
78
Sujbugtaioofnt hCeh risctliearng y
89
The eonftd h "eL onPge a"c:ae nnexaotfM ioounn t
Lebangoonv'esr nment
93
Contesn t
vm
"Froamd angermouulst iitnutadoh e a rmlmeisnso ritthye" :
3
treatomfet nhAter meniianSn ysr ia 160
Evaluaoftt ihoeenx i sltiitnegr oant uAtrhrmeee niqaune st1i0o7n
Cerna!Pa sah,T alaPta shaan,td h Aerm enaind peoritoant1s
JO
Dealwiintgth hd epe orttiaporno ce1s1s4
Setemtelnotft hAerm enidapeno eretisnt h4et Ahrm y's
terryi 1t1o9r
Struggalgianifognr seti ignnfl uefnoc"ref uilnld ependence"1 24
4
CounetriFnrge nicnhfl ue1n4c3e
Checkinnegu tarnaadll liinefledun cienS yria1 50
Int hpeu rsoufii dte cailt ainesdc itizens 168
5
"Auaxr mecsi,t oyecnosn!ps"tcn:rigt i hSeyr iafnors tOhtet oman
army1 69
TheO tmtaonizaotfe idounc aitnSi yroina 1 80
Loyyai lntr etfuorrnd evpemleonptu:b lwiocr uknsd Ceerrn a!Pa sha
inS yria1 91
TheD rozaen dt hBee douuinnd eCre maPla shar'esg ime 207
6
TheD ruzfer:e edofoa mct ioinnr etfuorrnl oaylt2y0 7
TheB eodunisc:o operuantditeohrnfle a gof t hel picha 213
Warf,a miannede, p idemics 232
7
Reasboenhsi tnhfdeam ine2 33
Them easuorfte hsOe t tomaadnm isntiraatginaosinst t aartvio2n3 9
Thes oaclii mpacotft hfeam inienS yriaan tdh ree aocnot fit he
peopl2e4 3
Famineepi,d eimcasn,td h sert uggalgea inst2 4t5h em
CemaPla shau'nsd oiinnSg y ria 258
8
Conclusion 265
Bibliography 272
Index 283
Banial im osgervedBniamrheeayHnmia , m<; dii� ek'e