War and Genocide in Cuba, 1895-1898 (Envisioning Cuba)

353 Pages·2006·2.99 MB·English

by  John Lawrence Tone

1895★1898
War and Genocide in Cuba,
War and Genocide
envisioning cuba
Louis A. Pérez Jr., editor
1895 1898
in Cuba, ★
by john lawrence tone
the university of north carolina press
Chapel Hill
© 2006 The University of North Carolina Press
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
Set in Quadraat and The Seriftypes
by G&S Typesetters
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for
permanence and durability of the Committee on
Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the
Council on Library Resources.
Publication of this book was aided by a grant from
the Program for Cultural Cooperation between Spain’s
Ministry of Culture and United States Universities.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Tone, John Lawrence.
War and genocide in Cuba, 1895–1898 / by John Lawrence
Tone.
p. cm. — (Envisioning Cuba)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn-13: 978-0-8078-3006-2 (cloth : alk. paper)
isbn-10: 0-8078-3006-2 (cloth : alk. paper)
1. Cuba—History—Revolution, 1895–1898.
2. Spanish-American War, 1898. I. Title. II. Series.
f1783.t66 2006
973.8(cid:1)9—dc22
2005032816
cloth 10 09 08 07 06 5 4 3 2 1
for Sophia Louise Tone
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Contents
Preface xi
1 ★ Eloy Gonzalo and the Disaster of War 1
2 ★ The Origins of Cuban Independence 15
3 ★ José Martí: A Dream of Cuba 31
4 ★ Emilio Calleja and the Failure of Reform 43
5 ★ Máximo Gómez and Total War 57
6 ★ Antonio Maceo and the Battle of Peralejo 69
7 ★ The Cuban Liberation Army 81
8 ★ The Spanish Army 97
9 ★ Arsenio Martínez Campos: Defending the Indefensible 113
10 ★ Mal Tiempo and the Romance of the Machete 123
11 ★ The Invasion of the West 139
12 ★ Valeriano Weyler: The Butcher 153
13 ★ The Death of Maceo 179
14 ★ Reconcentration 193
15 ★ The Monster and the Assassin 225
16 ★ The Jingoes 239
17 ★ Frascuelo versus Edison 251
18 ★ The Splendid Disaster 273
Notes 289
Bibliography 315
Index 333
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Illustrations
photographs
Eloy Gonzalo García 5
José Martí 35
Máximo Gómez 63
Antonio Maceo 71
Valeriano Weyler 165
A young male victim of reconcentration 214
Woman victimized by reconcentration 215
Skeletons piled high at a cemetery in Havana 216
maps
Cuba, 1895–1898 2
Battle of Peralejo, July 13, 1895 74
Battle of Mal Tiempo, December 15, 1895 124
tables
Table 1. Spanish Combat Losses 10
Table 2. Wounds Examined at the Havana Hospital in 1896 134
Table 3. Wounds Examined at Three Hospitals in 1895 134
Table 4. Reconcentrados in Cuba 212