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Waiting for Pushkin: Russian Fiction in the Reign of Alexander I (1801-1825) (Studies in Slavic Literature and Poetics 44) (Studies in Slavic Literature & Poetics) PDF

430 Pages·2006·1.73 MB·English
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Preview Waiting for Pushkin: Russian Fiction in the Reign of Alexander I (1801-1825) (Studies in Slavic Literature and Poetics 44) (Studies in Slavic Literature & Poetics)

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(cid:139)(cid:40)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:3)(cid:37)(cid:17)(cid:57)(cid:17)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:49)(cid:72)(cid:90)(cid:3)(cid:60)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:78)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:49)(cid:60)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:25) (cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:49)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:86) For R.A.N This page intentionally left blank Table of Contents Preface 11 Chapter I: Fiction in Alexander’s Russia: the social and cultural context 19 I.1 The writer and the tsar 20 I.2 History and fiction: the impact of the Napoleonic wars on Russian letters 27 I.3 The seeds of professionalisation: book market and authorship 33 I.4 The socio-cultural life of the gentry: salons, soirées, clubs and literary activity 44 Chapter II: Literary circles, periodicals and the debate over prose 63 II.1 Literary groups and journals in the early nineteenth century 65 II.2 Early-nineteenth century criticism and the question of prose fiction 71 II.3 The battle over language: Beseda versus Arzamas 90 Appendix: major circles and societies (1800-1820) 102 Chapter III: The eighteenth-century literary heritage 103 III.1 The influence of “high” eighteenth-century prose: the oriental tale 111 III.2 Eighteenth-century traditions and issues of gender in Zinaida Volkonskaia’s Laure 131 III.3 Kropotov’s appropriation of Sterne: The Story of a Brownish Kaftan 149 III.4 The eighteenth-century legacy and the new “novel of education”: Aleksandr Izmailov’s Evgenii, or the Disastrous Consequences of Poor Upbringing and Company 156 III.5Fon Ferel’ts’spolitical travelogue: The Journey of a Critic 170 8 Table of Contents Chapter IV: Sentimentalism in early–nineteenth–century Russia: Karamzin’s epigones and new trends in sentimental prose 191 IV.1 The origins 193 IV.2 Russian sentimentalism between tradition and innovation 197 IV.3 Women writers, female heroines and the serious sentimental mode: the case of Mariia Izvekova 210 IV.4 The sentimental heroine between tradition and innovation 226 IV.5 Sentimental novels and short stories: Nikolai Brusilov and the intertextual dialogue between serious and humorous sentimental modes 240 IV.6 The sentimental journey 263 IV.6.1 Russia and the Grand tour 264 IV.6.2 Travel accounts and sentimental travelogues 267 IV.6.3 The parody and the factual in early nineteenth-century Russian travelogues 273 IV.6.4 Fedor Lubianovskii Journey Through Saxony, Austria and Italy 285 Chapter V: Contemporary literary influences: pre-romantic and romantic trends 297 V.1 Historical narratives at the beginning of the nineteenth century: the search for a genre 299 V.1.1 The role of Western literary influences and contemporary historical events in the development of the genre 303 V.1.2 Historical narratives during the reign of Alexander I 307 V.1.3 Nikolai Artsybyshev and Gavril Gerakov: the dialogue between fictional and non-fictional representations of history 310 V.1.4 Fictional representations of the past: the sentimental model 315 V.2 The Russian gothic: supernatural, horror and terror in early nineteenth-century Russia: Nikolai Gnedich’s Don Korrado de Gerrera 320 V.3 Zhukovskii and the Western European ballad revival 346 V.3.1 Supernatural and horror in Zhukovskii: Liudmila and Marina’s Grove 355 Conclusions 365 Bibliography 377 Index 411 Note on transliteration: the transliteration system used in this volume is that of the Library of Congress, minus diacritics. Acknowledgments This project has a long gestation. I first discovered this little known period of Russian fiction over ten years ago, while examining the aftermaths of Karamzin’s ground breaking reform of prose language and style. I gleaned little information from the various histories of Russian literature I consulted, and the sting of doubt was born; was it conceivable that prose fiction had been largely dormant during the two decades or so separating the two “fathers” of the modern novel, Karamzin and Pushkin, especially since the early nineteenth century was in fact one of the liveliest periods in Russia’s cultural history? Moreover, was it historically plausible that the masterpieces of Russian fiction coming out in the late 1820s and 1830s were borne out of such a sizable void? Intrigued by such inconsistency, in 1994 I started my research toward a PhD at the University of Cambridge under the supervision of Tony Cross. The following four years proved to be an exciting period with the discovery of a string of hidden gems in the National Library and, especially, in the Rare Books section of the Academy of Sciences Library in St. Petersburg. From such research a body of fascinating narratives started to emerge, and with it the pre-Pushkin phase of development of Russian fiction began to take a clearer shape. Once the first findings had been organised in a coherent PhD thesis, however, I realised that my dissertation would necessarily tell only part of the story – further investigation was needed to provide a comprehensive map of Russian fiction in the age of Alexander and to restore the “missing link” between the age of Karamzin and that of Pushkin. The financial support of a Junior Research Fellowship at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge enabled me to further my research and to publish my findings in a series of articles on selected authors and narrative genres. A further nine months visit to Harvard was instrumental in broadening the horizons of my investigation to include gender issues and women writers, perhaps the most forsaken of all the “forgotten authors” I have encountered during my research. Conversations with, and advice from, many colleagues over the years have made this publication possible. I am particularly

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'Waiting for Pushkin' provides the only modern history of Russian fiction in the early nineteenth century to appear in over thirty years. Prose fiction has a more prominent position in the literature of Russia than in that of any other great country. Although nineteenth-century fiction in particular
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