Vsc-Facts-Hvdc: Analysis, Modelling and Simulation in Power Grids

416 Pages·2019·12.716 MB·English

by  Acha, Enrique;Garc?a-Valle, Rodrigo;Vanfretti, Luigi;Ja?n, Antonio De La Villa

VSC-FACTS-HVDC

VSC-FACTS-HVDC
Analysis,ModellingandSimulationinPowerGrids
ProfessorDrEnriqueAcha
LaboratoryofElectricalEnergyEngineering
TampereUniversity
Tampere,Finland
DrPedroRoncero-Sánchez
DepartmentofElectronics
ElectricalEngineeringandControlSystems
UniversityofCastilla-LaMancha,Spain
DrAntoniodelaVillaJaén
DepartmentofElectricalEngineering
UniversityofSeville,Spain
DrLuisM.Castro
FacultyofEngineering
NationalUniversityofMexico(UNAM)
MexicoCity,Mexico
DrBehzadKazemtabrizi
SchoolofEngineering
DurhamUniversity,UK
Thiseditionfirstpublished2019
©2019JohnWiley&SonsLtd
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DrLuisM.CastroandDrBehzadKazemtabrizitobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthisworkhasbeen
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Acha,Enrique,author.
Title:VSC-FACTS-HVDC:analysis,modellingandsimulationinpower
grids/ProfessorDrEnriqueAcha,TampereUniversity,
Tampere,Finland,DrPedroRoncero-Sanchez,UniversidaddeCastilla-La
Mancha,CiudadReal,EspanaDrAntoniodelaVillaJan,Universidadde
Sevilla,Sevilla,Espana,DrLuisMCastro,UniversidadNacional
AutonomadeMexico(UNAM),MexicoCity,Mexico,DrBehzadKazemtabrizi,
DurhamUniversity,Durham,England.
Description:Firstedition.|Hoboken,NJ:JohnWiley&SonsLtd,2019.|
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.|
Identifiers:LCCN2018051883(print)|LCCN2018055480(ebook)|ISBN
9781118965801(AdobePDF)|ISBN9781118965849(ePub)|ISBN9781119973980
(hardcover)
Subjects:LCSH:Smartpowergrids.|FlexibleACtransmissionsystems.|
Electricpowertransmission–Directcurrent.
Classification:LCCTK3105(ebook)|LCCTK3105.A252019(print)|DDC
621.319–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2018051883
CoverDesign:Wiley
CoverImages:Background:©Teka77/iStock.com,Diagram:CourtesyofEnriqueAcha
Setin10/12ptWarnockProbySPiGlobal,Chennai,India
PrintedandboundbyCPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon,CR04YY
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
TothememoryofJosArrillaga,theonewhowrotethemostandbestaboutHVDC
transmission.

vii
Contents
Preface xiii
AbouttheBook xvii
Acknowledgements xxi
AbouttheCompanionWebsite xxiii
1 FlexibleElectricalEnergySystems 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 ClassificationofFlexibleTransmissionSystemEquipment 5
1.2.1 SVC 6
1.2.2 STATCOM 7
1.2.3 SSSC 9
1.2.4 CompoundVSCEquipmentforACApplications 10
1.2.5 CSC-HVDCLinks 12
1.2.6 VSC-HVDC 13
1.3 FlexibleSystemsVsConventionalSystems 15
1.3.1 Transmission 16
1.3.1.1 HVACVsHVDCPowerTransmissionforIncreasedPowerThroughputs 16
1.3.1.2 VARCompensation 19
1.3.1.3 FrequencyCompensation 24
1.3.2 Generation 27
1.3.2.1 WindPowerGeneration 28
1.3.2.2 SolarPowerGeneration 30
1.3.3 Distribution 33
1.3.3.1 LoadCompensation 35
1.3.3.2 DynamicVoltageSupport 35
1.3.3.3 FlexibleReconfigurations 36
1.3.3.4 AC-DCDistributionSystems 37
1.3.3.5 DCPowerGridswithMultipleVoltageLevels 40
1.3.3.6 SmartGrids 40
1.4 PhasorMeasurementUnits 43
1.5 FutureDevelopmentsandChallenges 46
1.5.1 Generation 46
1.5.2 Transmission 47
1.5.3 Distribution 48
References 49
viii Contents
2 PowerElectronicsforVSC-BasedBridges 53
2.1 Introduction 53
2.2 PowerSemiconductorSwitches 53
2.2.1 TheDiode 55
2.2.2 TheThyristor 56
2.2.3 TheBipolarJunctionTransistor 57
2.2.4 TheMetal-Oxide-SemiconductorField-EffectTransistor 59
2.2.5 TheInsulated-GateBipolarTransistor 59
2.2.6 TheGateTurn-OffThyristor 59
2.2.7 TheMOS-ControlledThyristor 60
2.2.8 ConsiderationsfortheSwitchSelectionProcess 61
2.3 VoltageSourceConverters 61
2.3.1 BasicConceptsofPulseWidthModulated-OutputSchemesandHalf-Bridge
VSC 62
2.3.2 Single-PhaseFull-BridgeVSC 66
2.3.2.1 PWMwithBipolarSwitching 67
2.3.2.2 PWMwithUnipolarSwitching 69
2.3.2.3 Square-WaveMode 69
2.3.2.4 Phase-ShiftControlOperation 69
2.3.3 Three-PhaseVSC 72
2.3.4 Three-PhaseMultilevelVSC 74
2.3.4.1 TheMultilevelNPCVSC 76
2.3.4.2 TheMultilevelFCVSC 80
2.3.4.3 TheCascadedH-BridgeVSC 81
2.3.4.4 PWMTechniquesforMultilevelVSCs 85
2.3.4.5 AnAlternativeMultilevelConverterTopology 85
2.4 HVDCSystemsBasedonVSC 88
2.5 Conclusions 94
References 95
3 PowerFlows 99
3.1 Introduction 99
3.2 PowerNetworkModelling 100
3.2.1 TransmissionLinesModelling 100
3.2.2 ConventionalTransformersModelling 100
3.2.3 LTCTransformersModelling 101
3.2.4 Phase-ShiftingTransformersModelling 101
3.2.5 CompoundTransformersModelling 102
3.2.6 SeriesandShuntCompensationModelling 102
3.2.7 LoadModelling 102
3.2.8 NetworkNodalAdmittance 102
3.3 PeculiaritiesofthePowerFlowFormulation 103
3.4 TheNodalPowerFlowEquations 105
3.5 TheNewton-RaphsonMethodinRectangularCoordinates 106
3.5.1 TheLinearizedEquations 107
3.5.2 ConvergenceCharacteristicsoftheNewton-RaphsonMethod 108
3.5.3 InitializationofNewton-RaphsonPowerFlowSolutions 109