Volume 38 - History of Anaesthesia Society

53 Pages·2009·12.68 MB·English

ISSN 1 360-689 1
THE HISTORY OF
ANAESTHESIA SOCIETY
PROCEEDINGS
Volume 38
Proceedings of the Autumn Scientific Meeting
NEIMME, Newcastle upon Tyne
10th November 2007
Contents of Volume 38
Page
Newcastle Meeting Acknowledgements 2
Council, Officers, Honorary Members 3
Editorial and Future Meetings 4
Newcastle Meeting speakers' photographs 5
-
Members and guests attending 6
Papers i6ven at the Newcastle Meetinp
Dr G Enever
Coal, cholera and chloroform
Reverse Antiques Roadshow 12
Dr A Padfield
Old films
Dr Indira Kannan
A "Blessing to obstetrics" evolution of pain relief in childbirth 17
-
Dr N Venugopal
The evolution of aspiration prophylaxis in obstetric anaesthesia 24
Dr A Lloyd
Reaching the parts that others couldn't Evipan in the outback 33
-
Papers not available from Dr C Vallis, Mr B Bell (Guest Lecturers).
Book Review
Operations Without Pain: the Practice and Science of Anaesthesia in
~ictorianB ritain. Snow SJ. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. 41
0000000
We sadly report the deaths of the following members of the Society: Prof T
Cecil Gray, Dr Bill Pallister.
HISTORY OF ANAESTHESIA SOCIETY
2007 Autumn Scientific Meeting, The North of England Institute of Mining
and Mechanical Engineers, Newcastle upon Tyne
10 November 2007
Organiser: Dr Gary Enever
The Organiser is very grateful for the assistance of MS Barbara Sladdin,
Secretary to the University Department of Anaesthesia.
The Society would like to thank the following for generous support:
The Newcastle Hospitals NHS Trust
The North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers
Pajunk Medical Technology UK
Proceedings of the History of Anaesthesia Society
Hon Editor: Dr Alistair McKenzie
9 Craiglockhart Avenue
Edinburgh EH 14 IHN
E-mail: [email protected]
The Society acknowledges with thanks the photographs taken by Dr Geoff Hall-
Davies.
HISTORY OF ANAESTHESIA SOCIETY
Council and Officers - November 2007
President Dr David Wilkinson, Bishop's Stortford
President-Elect Prof J Anthony W Wildsmith, Dundee
Honorary Secretary Dr Anne Florence, Cheshire
Honorary Treasurer and
Membership Secretary Dr Adrian Kuipers, Shrewsbury
Honorary Editor Dr Alistair McKenzie, Edinburgh
Assistant Honorary Secretary Dr Ann Ferguson, Broadstairs
Council Members Dr Henry Connor, Hereford
Dr Gary Enever, Newcastle
Dr Paul Goulden, Dewsbury
Dr Moyna Barton, London
Dr Kenneth Macleod, Huntingdon
Dr Patrick Magee, Bath
Mrs Patricia Willis, London
Honorary Members
UK & Ireland Dr Aileen Adams CBE
Dr Thomas Boulton OBE TD
Prof Cecil Gray
Dr Jean Horton
Dr Ian McLellan
Dr David Zuck
Prof Sir M Keith Sykes
Honorary Members Overseas Prof Jean Lassner, St Vincent-le-Paluel
Dr Lucien Morris, Washington
Prof John Severinghaus, San Francisco
Prof Doreen Vermeulen Cranch, Elburg
EDITORIAL
The venue for the Newcastle upon Tyne meeting was unique! The North of
England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers (NEIMME) boasted a
Victorian style lecture theatre with fme wood panelling and photographs of past
officers.
The organiser, Dr Gary Enever, began the morning's proceedings, speaking on
the Newcastle days of George Stephenson, John Snow and Mortimer Glover.
This was followed by a 'reverse antiques road show': A-Z items of old
apparatus and documents. The members were able to view these antiques over
coffee in the magnificent library, and could venture over a foot bridge into the
Newcastle Literary and Philosophical Society.
To resume the lectures Dr C Vallis, Medical Director of the Great North Run,
gave an interesting presentation on the history of long distance running. Next Dr
Adrian Padfield spoke on the problems of converting video copies of original
film footage to DVD. The audience was then treated to a film on epidural
anaesthesia; this had been made in 1959-60 at the Teesside Hospitals Group by
Dr Malcolm White, sponsored by Reckitt & Colman. It featured the technique
of epidural needle & catheter insertion (including cervical), and had been shown
at the Royal College of Surgeons of England and in Newcastle and Teesside.
After a buffet lunch in the library there were three presentations by trainees: two
on obstetrics and the third on the Australian flying doctor service in the 1930s.
Another refreshment break prepared the members for a presentation by Mr Bill
Bell, NEIMME. He gave a fine demonstration of mining safety lamps, claiming
that Stephenson's lamp had preceded Davy's, and then led an interesting tour of
the library. On return to the lecture theatre the antiques were identified. Finally
the judgement of the trainees' papers was announced: all were joint winners,
earning free registration, a book and one year's HAS membership. This
concluded a most enjoyable meeting.
Alistair G McKenzie
Hon Editor
FUTURE EVENTS
2008 26-28 June. HAS Summer Meeting, York
Contact: Dr Paul Goulden (paul.noulden@,midvorks.nhs.uk)
2008 3 1 October. HAS Autumn Meeting, London
Contact: Prof JAW Wildsmith (jaww~doctors.org.uk)
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5
Speakers at Newcastle
1 ...:=R 1 . 1l
Dr D Wilkinson Dr G Enever Dr C Vallis
Dr A Padfield Dr GMJ White Dr Indira Kannan
Dr N Venugopal Dr A Lloyd Mr Bill Bell
Members and guests attending Newcastle upon Tyne meeting
Dr Neil Adams Bury St Edrnunds Dr Kenneth Macleod Huntingdon
Dr P Barrow Newcastle U Tyne Dr A McKeever London
Dr Moyna Barton London Dr Alistair McKenzie Edinburgh
Mr Bill Bell Newcastle U Tyne Dr Colin McLaren Wiltshire
Dr Colin Birt Rochford Mrs Iris Millis London
Dr John Blizzard Chelmsford Dr D Morland Newcastle
Dr Elizabeth Bradshaw London Dr Adrian Padfield Sheffield
Dr Henry Connor Hereford Dr Yash Pole Manchester
Dr Ian Coral1 London Dr John Pring Penzance
Dr Peter Drury Liverpool Dr Miles Rucklidge Lancaster
Dr Christine Earlam Cheshire Dr J Stoddart Newcastle
Dr Gary Enever Newcastle Dr MWM Stratling Dinas Powys
Dr Ann Ferguson Broadstairs Dr Alistair Trench Dunblane
Dr Anne Florence Liverpool Dr Chris Vallis Newcastle
Dr Paul Goulden Dewsbury Dr Naveen Venugopal Newcastle
Dr Geoff Hall-Davies Redditch Dr David White Beaconsfield
Dr Jean Horton Cambridge Dr Malcolm White Cleveland
Dr Indira Kannan Newcastle U Tyne Prof Tony Wildsmith Dundee
Dr Andrew Lloyd Newcastle U Tyne Dr David Wilkinson Bishop's
Dr S Lobaz Newcastle u Tyne St ortford
Mrs Patricia Willis London
Guest Lecturers:
Mr Bill Bell, Newcastle upon Tyne
Dr Chris Vallis, Newcastle upon Tyne
COAL, CHOLERA AND CHLOROFORM -
MINING AND ANAESTHESIA IN THE NORTH EAST
Dr G Enever
Consu.ltant Anaesthetist, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne
Coal
The North East of England stands on a vast field of coal. In general, anywhere
you dig down, you will eventual1.y hit a seam. Those who owned the land owned
what was under it, and became hugely wealthy. By the mid eighteenth century,
Newcastle began its transition from a quiet provincial town into a great city. In
1753, a fine new Infirmary opened on Forth Banks.
Coal brought wealth, attracted industry, increased the population. And it brought
opportunities for ordinary people to advance from their humble roots, to achieve
anything their imaginations and intelligence would allow.
George and Robert Stephenson
George Stephenson was born to a colliery worker in Wylam in 1786, and lived
in a tiny cottage with his parents and many siblings. His father had many jobs,
but became a fireman in a local pit, stoking the early stationary steam engine
used for hauling. At the time, coal was pulled in large wicker baskets
underground by men or ponies, then hauled up and put onto trucks. These trucks
were then pulled along wooden waggonways by horses to the staiths, standing
high above the Tyne. The coal was tipped into keels, small boats that would sail
the coal to the waiting ships below the low medieval bridge in the centre of
Newcastle.
George also got work with the engines, and moved from fireman to engineer
over the subsequent years. He was appointed to a senior post in Killingworth in
1812, and moved to a cottage (Figure 1) in West Moor with his son Robert. By
then he was building his own stationary engines, and was working on many
projects. One was a lamp that would be safe in the presence of firedamp
(methane gas), a constant and deadly danger in the North East pits. He
demonstrated his invention to the Newcastle Literary and Philosophical Society
in 181 5. Another invention was a steam engine that would move along rails to
haul wagons to the staiths. His first attempt, "My Lord, was build in the sheds
of West Moor Colliery, behind his cottage. George Stephenson was not the first
to build a "locomotive", but he was the most successful.
George's son Robert was schooled initially in Longbenton, near the house of
William Hardcastle, the local surgeon. He was then sent to an academy in
Newcastle to finish his education. His talent was like his father's, engineering.
He was soon managing an Engine Works in Forth Street, a works that built
famous engines like the "Rocket".
In 1824, Robert left Britain in the company of one Charles Empson, an art
dealer and his good friend. They travelled to South America, and spent three
years in the jungles of Columbia, working in gold and silver mines, and
collecting works of art. They returned in 1827, having lost most of their
accumulated wealth in a shipwreck off New York harbour. When they amved in
Newcastle, Williarn Hardcastle, doctor to the Stephenson family, had taken in
Empson's 14 year old nephew as a surgeon's apprentice. His name was John
Snow, and like Empson hailed from York. It seems unlikely to be a coincidence
that Snow came to Hardcastle, and it may be his uncle had a hand in arranging
and even paying for his apprenticeship. At this time George Stephenson had
moved from mining to railways: he supervised the building of the Stockton to
Darlington line in 1825 and proceeded to the Liverpool to Manchester line in
1830.
John Snow
But what of John Snow? Born into a poor family, his parents had sacrificed
much for their eldest son. They had raised enough money for him to receive an
education, and he had rewarded them by working hard and showing great talent.
He was a small youth with a broad Yorkshire accent (that would hinder him in
later life), and great intelligence. He lived in Hardcastle's house at the bottom of
Westgate Street, opposite St Johns Church.
He learnt to make pills and potions, to make poultices and roll bandages. He
visited with his master, in the City and in the country, to the big houses and the
miner's hovels. And only a few yards from his door, he had access to the
Newcastle Literary and Philosophical Society. This gave the young Snow the
ability to listen to intellectual debate on a wide range of subjects, and to read in
the library that contained many books on science and engineering, as well as the
arts.
That these experiences were crucial to his intellectual development is in little
doubt. His later ability to grasp the concepts of inhalational anaesthesia, and to
develop his highly effective devices for it's delivery so readily, bears witness.
Without his time in Newcastle, Snow would almost certainly have not been
prepared to become the world's first anaesthetist. It is quite possible that Snow
would have been influenced by the Stephensons, father and son. Robert's
Figure 1 Stephenson's cottage, West Moor 2007
!
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Figure 2 Bell's Court 2007