Volume 30, Number 3 August, 2008 - International Aroid Society

12 Pages·2008·2.29 MB·English

IAS Newsletter
the
Vol 30 No 3 ● August 2008
A QUARTERLY PUBLICATION FOR MEMBERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL AROID SOCIETY
Table of Contents A Decade of Schismatoglottis Species
Peter Boyce & Wong Sin Yeng

Despite the considerable popularity of
Alocasia and Colocasia, the list of
A Decade of Schismatoglottis Species horticulturally important aroid species is
by Peter Boyce & Wong Sin Yeng ................1 overwhelmingly comprised of aroids from the
American tropics: Anthurium, Philodendron,
31st IAS Show and Sale Dieffenbachia, Spathiphyllum, Monstera and
Fairchild Tropical Gardens, Caladium being pre-eminent. Paradoxically,
September 20th & 21st, 2008 .........................8 aside from Alocasia, species from the old-
world tropics that command horticultural
Review: Searching for Miss Fortuna attention, and even there an attention not or
by Scott E. Hyndman ...................................9 hardly addressed by the wholesale
commercial trade, tend to be those grown
primarily for the inflorescence: notably
Cultivar Registration Amorphophallus, Arisaema and Typhonium
by Derek Burch ..........................................10 although this in no way implies that the
foliage of these magnificent Asians is not
noteworthy.
Banquet Reservation Form .....................10
However, this heavy Neotropical bias is not
Board of Directors Proxy Ballot ..............11 Figure 1: Schismatoglottis pseudohatchii in for want of exceptionally attractive and mostly
habitat with the adult leaf lamina banding easy to grow foliage plants in the Asian
clearly visible over the fish-bone markings. tropics. One such genus is Schismatoglottis,
IAS Officers:
President : Denis Rotolante
Vice President : Scott Hyndman
Secretary : Enid Offolter
Treasurer : Tricia Frank
Newsletter:
Editor : Carla Kostelac
Layout : Albert Huntington
This edition of the IAS Newsletter is
Copyright © 2008 by the International
Figure 2: Culivated plant of Schismatoglottis pseudohatchii showing the numerous leaves that
Aroid Society, Inc. develop in cultivated plants.
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Figure 5: Detail of the sharkskin texture of the
leaf lamina in Schismatoglottis mira.
Figure 3: Young ex vitro plants of Schismatoglottis pseudohatchii with the leaf markings
with glossy olive-green leaves with a striking
beginning to develop; the fish-bone veining is the first to appear.
silver fish-bone pattern overlain with silver
banding. In juvenile plants (in this instance
Despite the considerable popularity of well in excess of one hundred species tissue cultured plants ca. 6 weeks from the
Alocasia and Colocasia, the list of contains at least some of horticultural merit. flask) the leaf markings comprise just the fish-
horticulturally important aroid species is Schismatoglottis certainly does not bone markings (Fig. 3) but as plants age the
overwhelmingly comprised of aroids from the disappoint, and although at the present time banding becomes conspicuous. Mature
American tropics: Anthurium, Philodendron, rather few are in cultivation outside of plants in cultivation are multi-foliar and
Dieffenbachia, Spathiphyllum, Monstera and specialist research collections, botanic exceptionally handsome (Fig. 2). In the same
Caladium being pre-eminent. Paradoxically, gardens and a few enthusiasts, there are group is the aptly-named S. mira (Figs. 4 –
aside from Alocasia, species from the old- many species that would grace any collection 6) with extraordinary sharkskin-textured
world tropics that command horticultural where they are more readily available. emerald green leaves with a conspicuous
attention, and even there an attention not or cream median-band (Fig. 5). As with S.
hardly addressed by the wholesale Schismatoglottis is presently the focus of a pseudohatchii, S. mira is in tissue culture and
commercial trade, tend to be those grown study aimed at resolving issues about its flats of the young plants are outstandingly
primarily for the inflorescence: notably internal relationships. However, the last attractive (Fig. 6).
Amorphophallus, Arisaema and Typhonium revision, that of Hay & Yuzammi (2000), set
although this in no way implies that the some informal parameters (termed ‘Groups’) Barbata complex
foliage of these magnificent Asians is not and these are followed here with the addition The barbata complex differs from the
noteworthy. of species’ complexes to provide fine-line asperata complex primarily in having the
delimitation of species complexes. petioles and one or both surfaces of the leaf
However, this heavy Neotropical bias is not lamina with soft to very coarse ‘hairs’. The
for want of exceptionally attractive and mostly Asperata Group
easy to grow foliage plants in the Asian The Asperata Group comprises species with
tropics. One such genus is Schismatoglottis, a clumping habit and petioles that are often
a predominantly old world tropics genus of conspicuously and colourfully ornamented
more than of 150 species of terrestrial with warts, hairs, scales or bristles. Leaf
herbaceous mesophytes (plants adapted to lamina are simple or with cordate bases and
constant levels of soil and atmospheric are usually softly succulent. Very colourful
moisture), less often rheophytes (adapted to leaf markings combined with striking petioles
the flood zones of tropical forest streams), make for handsome plants.
very rarely helophytes (swamp plants in full
sun), with a primary distribution centred on Asperata complex
Borneo. The asperata complex contains many
Figure 4: The outstandingly attractive
handsome species. Of note are
Schismatoglottis mira in habitat.
As might be imagined, any aroid genus with Schismatoglottis pseudohatchii (Figs. 1 – 3)
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Figure 8: Schismatoglottis ciliata in habitat
showing the erect leaves and the litter-trapping.
Figure 6: Young ex vitro plants of Schismatoglottis mira; the leaf texture and markings appear
very early in the plants' development.
Figure 9: Detail of the petioles and newly
emerging leaf in Schismatoglottis ciliata. Note
the coarse nature of the ‘hairs’.
petioles covered in dense white bristles (Fig.
Figure 7: Schismatoglottis cilata in a variegated form in Sarawak.
13), while the backs of the leaf laminae are
species most often seen in cultivation is S. jade-green with all veins thickly covered with
bases. Schismatoglottis ferruginea (Figs. 10
ciliata (Figs. 7 – 9) a species widespread in cherry-red bristles (Fig. 14). Although very
– 11) is similar but with the petiole and leaf
Borneo with often conspicuously variegated rare in cultivation, these plants have proven
lamina hairs much softer in texture.
leaf laminae held erect on conspicuously to be very easy, albeit slow, to maintain in
white-bristly petioles (Fig. 9). In the wild S. cultivation.
Perhaps the most remarkable species in the
ciliata is frequently found growing in deep
barbata complex is S. pyrrhias (Figs. 12 –
peat deposits in heavy shade with the erect Gamoandra complex
14), a species from limestone in remote
growth habit functioning as a litter-trap (Fig. The gamoandra complex is interesting in that
areas of central Sarawak. The deep green
8) with numerous roots entering the aside from S. gamoandra itself almost all of
glossy leaves are carried on plum-purple
accumulated humus around the petioles the species are new to science.
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Figure 10: Schismatoglottis ferruginea in
Sabah.
Schismatoglottis gamoandra (Figs. 15 – 19)
is a rosette-forming dwarf species from
central Sarawak with thin stiff leaves held flat
on the ground on short petioles (Fig. 15). The
leaf texture is like thin aluminium sheeting
while the lamina colours continue the metallic
theme in being pewter-grey with, in some
Figure 11: Schismatoglottis ferruginea in Figure 12: Schismatoglottis pyrrhias in
clones, the middle of the leaf burnished into a
close-up to show the much finer and softer cultivation.
dull silver band (Fig. 16). The whole leaf is
‘hairs’as compared with S. ciliata.
made further striking by the raised
chessboard venation (Fig. 17). For such a
diminutive species the inflorescences are
large and held almost erect in the middle of
the leaves (Fig. 18). As can be seen from
Fig. 19, the generic name Schismatoglottis is
derived from the Greek schisma, schismatos
(separating) and glôtta (tongue) and refers to
the variously deciduous spathe limb that is a
feature of S. gamoandra and most other
species. Schismatoglottis gamoandra is also
in tissue culture (Fig. 20).
Figure 14: Schismatoglottis pyrrhias leaf lamina, rear view, to show red ‘hairs’.
Figure 13: Schismatoglottis pyrrhias detail to Figure 15: Schismatoglottis gamoandra in Figure 16: Schismatoglottis gamoandra in one
show the plum-coloured petioles with the white habitat with the leaves pressed close to the of the variegated forms.
‘hairs’. ground, a diagnostic feature.
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Figure 18: Schismatoglottis gamoandra
inflorescence at female anthesis, with the
spathe limb gaping slightly.
Figure 17: Schismatoglottis gamoandra leaf venation detail to show the chess-board-like
raised veins.
Multiflora Group
The Multiflora Group is readily recognized by Figure 19: Schismatoglottis gamoandra
the petioles with the greater proportion of the inflorescence at male anthesis, the spathe limb
petiolar sheath free-ligular. Leaf laminae are already more-or-less shed.
simple and usually plain green in a variety of
shades from deep olive to vibrant emerald
but this is made up for by the often striking
venation patterns, especially on the leaf
underside.
Erecta complex
Schismatoglottis erecta (Figs. 21 – 24) and
its all allies are distinctive by the slender,
erect stems and long, willowy deep green
leaves. They comprise one of a few small
distinct alliances of Schismatoglottis that
exhibit a climbing habit, the stems rooting
Figure 21: Schismatoglottis erecta in bud.
onto nearby vertical surfaces. Inflorescences
in S. erecta are nodding and intriguingly
Figure 22: Schismatoglottis erecta showing
the climbing habit.
Figure 24: Schismatoglottis erecta
inflorescence at male anthesis, the spathe
Figure 20: Young ex vitro plants of
limb has began to break away from the lower
Schismatoglottis gamoandra; already the leaf
spathe and the pollen has been released in
markings and distinctive venation are well-
Figure 23: Schismatoglottis erecta strings.
developed.
inflorescence at late female anthesis.
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Figure 25: Schismatoglottis corneri in habitat
in Sarawak. This is a small plant.
Figures 26–30: Schsimatoglottis motleyana in various leaf forms.
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Figure 31: Colony-forming habit of Figure 33: Schismatoglottis longifolia in a
Schismatoglottis motleyana. much rarer leaf form.
shaped, and a pleasing combination of pale like leaves with a silver median band (Fig.
browns, green and deep mahogany and are 32), or with the petiole strikingly contrasting
produced in some numbers on mature plants. in colour to the lamina (Fig. 33), has the
In common with many other species in the spathe limb barely opening and then
Multiflora Group, pollen is released in strings persistent after anthesis before gradually
rather in the manner of toothpaste being degrading and falling while still clasping the
squeezed from the tube. Figure 32: Schismatoglottis longifolia with spent parts of the spadix. The clustered,
strap-shaped leaves and a distinctive silver nodding inflorescences and cup-like
Corneri Group median band. infructescences are diagnostic for this
The Corneri Group comprises a single species.
species, S. corneri (Fig. 25), that is the
largest in the genus, with Alocasia-like Calyptrata Group
succulent grey-green leaves that can reach Species closely allied to S. calyptrata have References
over 3 m tall and produces clusters of large shoots with numerous lateral buds on the Hay, A. & Yuzammi. 2000.
inflorescences resembling in shape and size rhizome and are colony-forming plants in the Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) in
white and jade walking sticks. For a long time wild. Large colonies tend to be colonial and Malesia I – Schismatoglottis.
S. corneri was considered to be endemic to form extensive carpets of uniform leaves Telopea, 9(1): 1 – 177.
Sabah and the Indonesian Anambas Islands (Fig. 31).
but has recently been found in Sarawak,
where this photograph was taken. Schismatoglottis motleyana (Figs. 26 – 31) is
a variable species, with a wonderful range of
leaf markings. It has great potential as a
landscaping groundcover plant and also
makes a striking specimen in a large
container.
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The widespread (one of only three
Schismatoglottis species co-present in West
Malaysia and Borneo) but never abundant S. FULL COLOR!
longifolia (Figs. 32 – 35) often has the strap-
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Figure 34: Distinctive nodding inflorescences
carried on wiry peduncles are characteristic of
S. longifolia. Figure 35: The cup-shaped fruiting spathes of
S. longifolia are also diagnostic.
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31st IAS Show and Sale interesting plant group for him to study. It will
be exciting to hear about Marc’s experiences
Fairchild Tropical Garden and learn of his future endeavors.
September 20th & 21st, 2008
Sunday, September 21: The annual no host
Schedule of Events Aroid-L breakfast will meet at 8:00 AM at the
Past IAS shows and sales have always been Greenstreet Café, Coconut Grove. The Show
very memorable for their gathering of aroid and Sale will open again at 9:30 AM to 4:30
Friday, September 19: The show will be
friends, for spectacularly grown aroids PM. At 10:00 AM there will be a Board of
setup from 9:30 AM to 6:00 PM. Please bring
brought in just for the show and for sale, and Directors meeting at Fairchild Garden open
your select plants for display and for judging
for the presentations delivered by world-class to all IAS members.
before noon. Vendors may setup their booths
aroid experts... all taking place in a venue
starting at noon.
that is undoubtedly the best tropical botanic Show Hotels
garden in the world. Saturday, September 20: The Show and The Kampong, former home and garden of
vendors are open from 9:30 AM to 4:30 PM. Dr. David Fairchild, has some remaining
This year’s event, our 31st Annual Show and On Saturday evening at 7:00 PM we will dormitory accommodations at $30.00 per
Sale, is shaping up to be even more begin the always-fulfilling Banquet Dinner person per night. This is a first come, first
memorable! followed by a short annual business meeting. served opportunity. Please contact Tricia
For those members who cannot attend, Frank at [email protected], or call
Every year we see new and extraordinary please complete and return the proxy ballot her at 305-663-8091 to reserve your space
aroids along with many incredible favorites for the proposed new board members. The as soon as possible.
superbly grown for the show. This year will be $20 dinner will feature Cuban cuisine. To The Ramada Inn Dadeland (305-595-6000)
no different. Please plan to bring along your reserve your seating, please contact Tricia is convenient to the Gardens and traditionally
prized specimens to include in the exhibition, Frank (305-663-8091 or frequented by out of town guests. Internet
regardless of whether or not you choose to [email protected]) or mail in the rates are competitive with group rates, so the
enter the awards competition. reservation form on page 5. IAS will not offer a group rate this year.
The Hampton Inn Dadeland (305-269-0072
Many high-quality importers and growers will or 1-800-Hampton) is also well located.
This year our featured speaker will be Dr.
be joining our roster of great vendors, making
Marc Gibernau, a very interesting aroider
the selection of aroids available for purchase
Finally...
from the University Paul Sabatier in Toulouse,
even more enticing. If any of you are
France. Marc has been studying the Please plan to attend the International Aroid
interested in becoming a vendor at the show,
evolution and mechanisms of aroid pollinator Society 31st Annual Show and Sale. This
or in just bringing a few plants to sell at the
interactions since 1998. He got his start by year's show and sale is scaling up to be
Membership Sales Table, you are most
studying fig pollination in Montpellier. He has another very memorable event to provide a
welcome to do so. Please contact Tricia
published many papers and collaborated with unique venue for aroids and aroid
Frank for more information on selling at the
numerous scientists and is highly respected enthusiasts to come together at a world class
show.
in the aroid community. tropical botanic garden.
Show and Sale Location
Marc will present and illustrate some striking
The 2008 IAS show and sale will be hosted
examples of aroid pollination such as
Don't Forget to
September 20 and 21 at the world famous
Philodendron solimoesense in French
Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, located at
Guiana by scarab beetles, the Dead Arum by
10901 Old Cutler Road, Coral Gables
carrion flies and Arum pictum by dung flies
(Miami), Florida 33156. The Garden is RENEW!
from Corsica. He will show other examples
adjacent to Matheson Hammock Park, about
such as male Euglossine bees in
20 minutes by car from downtown Miami and
Spathiphyllum or Anthurium which exhibit
Miami International Airport. You can find more
strong similarity with the pollination of some
information about Fairchild Tropical Botanic
Neotropical orchids. The pollination system of
All International Aroid Society
Garden online at http://www.ftg.org/.
the Taro in Southeast Asia will be illustrated
memberships are by the calendar year,
as well. Aroids, in relation to these original
Admission to the show is included with the pollination systems, have evolved and that means your membership will
garden admission price of $20 for adults, $15 spectacular floral traits. Marc will address the likely need to be renewed in the next
for Senior citizens 65 and older, $10 for diversity of floral / spathe morphologies or few months. Don't forget to renew
children 3 to 12, and free for members of odors produced and also describe
online at http://www.aroid.org/ or send
Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden and thermogenesis (the production of heat by the
in the renewal envelope that comes
children under 3. Garden Admission is free inflorescences). Finally he will show the
for IAS Members who register with Tricia diversity of the pollination systems in aroids with your issue of Aroideana.
Frank to help out with the show. and what made this family such an
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A Review of Unlike the Susan Orleans' account of
obsessed, zany, real-life plant fanatics,
Searching for Miss Fortuna, Chester Skotak’s Searching for Miss Fortuna
uses a diverse line-up of individuals, each
a Novel by Chester Skotak unique in his past, present, and future
presence that creates story lines and
By Scott E. Hyndman
dialogues in circumstances leading to
for an enigmatic antique bathtub thought to
As I write this review for Searching for Miss stranger than fiction occurrences. Besides
be worth a fortune and thought to exist
Fortuna, a novel by Chester Skotak, I am the two colorful main characters of the story,
somewhere in a ghost town along a river in
sitting in a plane on the tarmac of the Juan there is a panoply of fascinatingly described
the lowland jungle near the northeastern
Santamaria International Airport, San Jose, cast members that includes a Costa Rican
border of Costa Rica and Nicaragua. The
Costa Rica, bound for home in Florida after Native American always on the run from the
other adventure, as described by the narrator
two weeks of adventure in mid May law for smuggled wild plants, a drunken boat
during the search for the bathtub, with a
essentially inspired by this novel. After captain with a haunting past, a botanic
reading and rereading the novel garden director teetering on the
numerous times, I felt compelled to edge of insanity, and a Brazilian
go meet the author, and explore party animal whose zeal for finding
Costa Rica, one of the beautifully new plants is only eclipsed by his
fascinating countries featured in the desire to try the newest dish at his
book. Why would anyone feel so favorite restaurant. The book’s
urged to go meet an author of a book characters tell their stories in very
so compulsively read for several imaginative and creative ways that
months? The label “stalker” comes will hold your attention and make
to mind, but I assure you that is not you wonder what could possibly
why I undertook the trip. After an happen next. Notwithstanding the
aborted attempt of going plant humor and hilarity found
exploring in Cost Rica decades ago, throughout the novel, there is also
and always wishing to try to remake a poignant ending for the character
the trip someday, Searching for Miss John that is very moving and is
Fortuna compelled me to follow my fitting for a tribute to the friendship
dreams. of a unique individual that will
always be missed by many.
The first page of the novel, described
by the author as “fiction inspired by Searching for Miss Fortuna is not a
true events”, immediately drew me book for the Harry Potter crowd, or
into the fascinating tale of plant for those expecting an easy read
exploration, obsessions, humor, and without a dictionary at hand. The
humanity, told by a cast of characters novel is also not for those easily
fitting of an adventure story into The offended or worried about political
Twilight Zone. Prior to this novel, I correctness because I assure you
had read other books describing that you may at times feel
obsessed plant collecting like Susan uncomfortable reading Searching
Orleans’ The Orchid Thief, books for Miss Fortuna. However, if you
describing grand tropical adventure are looking for a hilarious and
like Eric Hansen’s Stranger in the adventurous romp involving rare
Forest, and books of inspired plant plants and characters described in
exploration like Mulford and Racine a style that is unconventional and
character only referred to as The Man from
Foster’s Brazil, Orchid of the Tropics, but I new, then I would highly recommend your
Florida, involves a hilariously funny account
had never delved into a truly gripping, page- reading this uniquely appealing and
of the obsessive search through Panama for
turning adventure novel about plant humorous novel.
a prized bromeliad, the Guzmania from
exploration that read so much like non-fiction.
Fortuna. These two independent adventures
Searching for Miss Fortuna by Chester
draw the reader into a skillfully written
Skotak is available from many booksellers
panorama of characters moving through a
What is unique about Searching for Miss including www.amazon.com. You can learn
continuum of enthralling events that seems
Fortuna is the intertwining narration by the more about the novel and about the author
so far fetched at times that one wonders what
author of not one, but two tales of adventure by visiting www.chesterskotak.com.
“true events” could have possibly inspired
involving two protagonists both searching for
such fiction.
treasure. One character, only known by the
name John, invites the narrator on a search
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Cultivar Registration – What’s in it for me?
By Derek Burch available for reference.
This principle is well established and Meeting these requirements is not that easy,
The simple answer is ’nothing’ for the accepted down to the level of taxonomic but neither is it daunting in its simpler forms.
individual, but for the aroid community the separation covered by ‘The International It will be a little harder for us as a plant
possibility of avoiding some of the uncertainty Code of Botanical Nomenclature’ (ICBN) society to meet the requirements placed on
of what is meant by a particular name gives which deals with plants in nature. The us by becoming the International Registry for
no guarantee that the people advertising impetus to extend this to plants in cultivation most of the aroid family. We will eventually
plants sight unseen on ebay are aware of is more recent than this, when people finally have to prepare a printed list of all cultivars
what a cultivar really is, or are truthful in their recognized that trying to force garden plants that have been registered, print each new
use of words – any more than that there is into that ICBN cast was very unrealistic. Even registration as it is granted, and do periodic
satisfaction for the suckers taken in with the attempt to split species into subspecies, updates in print of the master list. I am
“Amorphophallus titanum” that turn out to be varieties and forms was often artificial and hopeful that we will be able to supplement
A. paeoniifolius or corm-like structures impossible to work when dealing with taxa this with extensive on-line access to even
carefully manufactured from mouse- that had come into gardener’s hands. We do more identification methods that will make it
droppings. love to watch for differences in a bed of easier and easier to be sure that a plant
plants or to carry pollen to receptive sites that offered or referred to is indeed the taxon to
So why all of this angst surrounding getting a nature had never invaded. Eventually a which that name belongs.
registration scheme going? Well, for me, as a committee, including at least one eminent
taxonomist, the identity of a plant is an member of IAS, agreed on a set of rules Neither the committee responsible for the
important matter. Think of this; the name of (International Code of Nomenclature of Code, nor the registration authority or the
the plant is the doorway into all of the Cultivated Plants) which is modified from time registrar has any authority to impose the
accumulated knowledge, published or to time after suitably weighty discussion. It is rules, but what an opportunity this is to take
handed down, that we have about it. If you a damned fine piece of work. our own responsibility for cleaning up the
don’t have that key, the door stays closed aroid trade and our own untidy minds. I rest
and impenetrable. It doesn’t matter (and this The practical value to us? A registered whatever case I am trying to make.
is another issue, but one worth mentioning) if cultivar name follows certain rules as to the
a taxonomist changes a specific name or form of that name (not a latinised word Derek Burch
moves the species to another genus, or if it is among other things), and ties back to a
changed ten times, all those names form a description which has appeared in printed Nota Bene: I should be happy to send
trail to various pieces of information that have material reasonably available to someone anyone willing to test and comment on a
been put together by experts. The organism searching it out. It can be as simple as a copy of the registration form as it stands.
to which the names have been applied dated plant catalogue, but ideally would be Albert Huntington has done a great job
doesn’t change, and we can get information as detailed as the description that is needed developing an online, interactive cultivar form
about it by using any of those names, as long for naming a new species, and would refer to which will be available when some wording is
as they have been made available by valid illustrations and to a single complete straightened out. This will make it almost fun
publication. specimen dried or otherwise preserved and to do the registration – considerably easier
stored in a stable environment where it is than filing a tax form, we promise.
2008 IAS Show and Sale Banquet Reservation Form
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Guest(s):_______________________________________
Member Address:_______________________________
_______________________________________
E-mail:________________________________________
Phone:____________ Total Number of Persons:_______
Enclose check for $25/person payable to International Aroid Society, or
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mail completed form to: International Aroid Society, PO BOX 43-1853, South Miami, FL 33143, USA