HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGY Volume 1 Observers Observed Essays on Ethnographic Fieldwork Volume 2 Functionalism Historicized Essays on British Social Anthropology Volume 3 Objects and Others Essays on Museums and Material Culture Volume 4 Malinowski, Rivers, Benedict and Others Essays on Culture and Personality VolumeS Bones, Bodies, Behavior Essays on Biological Anthropology Volume 6 Romantic Motives Essays on Anthropological Sensibility Volume 7 Colonial Situations Essays on the Contextualization of Ethnographic Knowledge Volksgeist as Method and Ethic Volks cist as Mctho and Ethic ESSAYS ON BOASIAN ETHNOGRAPHY AND THE GERMAN ANTHROPOLOGICAL TRADITION Edited by George W. Stocking, Jr. HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGY Volume 8 THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN PRESS The University of Wisconsin Press 1930 Monroe Street, 3,d floor Madison, WISconsin 53711-2059 3 Henrietta Street London WC2E aLU, England www.wisc.edulwisconsinpress Copyright © 1996 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprod4ced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any format or by any means, digital, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, or conveyed via the Internet or a Web site without written permission of the University of Wisconsin Press, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles and reviews. Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Catalogi~g-in-Publication Data Volksgeist as method and' ethic: essays on Boasian ethnography and the German anthropological tradition I edited by George W. Stocking, Jr. 358 pp. cm. - (History of anthropology; v. 8) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-299-14550-6 (doth: alk. p~per) ISBN 0-299-14554-9 (pbk,: alk: paper) 1. Anrhropolc;>gy-Germany-,-History. 2-. Anthropology-Germany Philosophy. 3. Boas, Franz, 1858-1942. 4. Anthropology-United States-History. 5. Anthropology-United States-Philosophy. I. Stocking, George W., 1928-: ; II. Series. . GNl?V65 1996 301-dc20 95-25272 ISBN-13: 978-0-299-14554-5 (pbk.: alk. paper) HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGY EDITOR George W. Stocking, Jr. Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago EDITORIAL BOARD Talal Asad Department of Anthropology, Johns Hopkins University James A. Boon Department of Anthropology, Princeton University James Clifford Board of Studies in the History of Consciousness, University of California, Santa Cruz Donna J. Haraway Board of Studies in the History of Consciousness, University of California, Santa Cruz Curtis M. Hinsley Department of History, Northern Arizona University Dell Hymes Department of Anthropology, University of Virginia Henrika Kuklick Department of History and Sociology of Science, University of Pennsylvania Bruce G. Trigger Department of Anthropology, McGill University INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS This, the eighth volume in the History of Anthropology series, is the last of which George Stocking will be the primary editor. Beginning with Volume 10, that role will be taken on by Richard Handler, Professor of Anthropology at the University of Virginia, and author of several articles in previous volumes in the series. Volume 9, to be jointly edited by Handler and Stocking, will be devoted to a reassessment of the historiography of anthropology as it has de veloped over the last quarter century, and to a consideration of the role that History of Anthropology may appropriately playas anthropology enters the next millennium. In addition to more general historiographical reflections, we hope to include essays on specific historical cases or problems, drawn from the work-in-progress of a range of authors (historians, anthropologists, and others, representing different historiographical or historical-critical perspectives), as exemplars or case studies of alternative approaches to the history of anthro pology. Authors who wish to have their work considered for this or subsequent volumes should communicate with Richard Handler (HOA) Department of Anthropology Cabell Hall University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903 U.S.A. All communications relating to standing orders, orders for specific volumes, missing volumes, changes of address, or any other business matters should be addressed to: Customer Service The University of Wisconsin Press 114 North Murray Street Madison, Wisconsin 53715 Contents BOASIAN ETHNOGRAPHY AND THE GERMAN ANTHROPOLOGICAL TRADITION 3 THE STUDY OF GEOGRAPHY Franz Boas 9 FRANZ BOAS AND THE HUMBOLDTIAN TRADITION: FROM VOLKSGEIST AND NATIONALCHARAKTER TO AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF CULTURE Matti Bunzl 17 FROM VIRCHOW TO FISCHER: PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND "MODERN RACE THEORIES" IN WILHELMINE GERMANY Benoit Massin 79 GERMAN CULTURE AND GERMAN SCIENCE IN THE BILDUNG OF FRANZ BOAS Julia E. Liss 155 THE ETHNOGRAPHIC OBJECT AND THE OBJECT OF ETHNOLOGY IN THE EARLY CAREER OF FRANZ BOAS Ira Jacknis 185 "THE CULTURE AS IT ApPEARS TO THE INDIAN HIMSELF": BOAS, GEORGE HUNT, AND THE METHODS OF ETHNOGRAPHY Judith Berman 215 viii CONTENTS "THE LITTLE HISTORY OF PITIFUL EVENTS"; THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL AND MORAL CONTEXTS OF KROEBER'S CALIFORNIAN ETHNOLOGY Thomas Buckley 257 ORIENTALlSM AS KULTURPOLITIK: GERMAN ARCHEOLOGY AND CULTURAL IMPERIALISM IN ASIA MINOR Suzanne Marchand 298 INDEX 337 Yo/bl/eist as Method and Ethic
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