Vol. 41, No. 4 Summer 2006 kentucky ancestors

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Vol. 41, No. 4 Summer 2006
kentucky ancestors
genealogical quarterly of the
Annotated
Notes on Bloody
Monday,
Louisville,
August 6, 1855
Logan County
Emancipations,
1792–1865
Those Mentioned
in the Cumberland
Courier, Burksville,
July 29, 1877
Vol. 41, No. 4 Summer 2006
kentucky ancestors
genealogical quarterly of the
Thomas E. Stephens, Editor
kentucky ancestors
Dan Bundy, Graphic Design
Kent Whitworth, Director
Marilyn Zoidis, Assistant Director
administration
Betty Fugate, Membership Coordinator
research and interpretation
Nelson L. Dawson, Director
management team
Kenneth H. Williams, Publications Manager
Bill Black Jr., J. McCauley Brown, Thomas Bennett
Clark, Raoul Cunningham, Charles English Sr., Wendell
H. Ford, Martha R. Francis, Richard Frymire, Nan
executive Gorman, Ed Hamilton, Arthur L. Kelly, Ann Pennington,
Richard Taylor, J. Harold Utley, Lawson Walker II, Doris
committee
Wilkinson
Warren W. Rosenthal, John R. Hall, Henry C. T.
Richmond III, Kent Whitworth, James Shepherd, Ralph
G. Anderson, Walter A. Baker, Mira Ball, James E. Bassett
III, Hilary J. Boone, Lucy Breathitt, Bruce Cotton, James
T. Crain Jr., Clara Dupree, Thomas Dupree, Tracy Farmer,
Jo M. Ferguson, Raymond R. Hornback, James C. Klotter,
Crit Luallen, James H. “Mike” Molloy, Maggy Patterson,
khs foundation Martin F. Schmidt, Gerald L. Smith, Charles Stewart,
John P. Stewart, William Sturgill, JoEtta Y. Wickliffe, Buck
board
Woodford
Kentucky Ancestors (ISSN-0023-0103) is published quarterly by the Kentucky Historical Society and is distributed free to Society members. Periodical postage paid at
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contents
vol. 41, no. 4/summer 2006
Annotated Notes on Bloody Monday, Louisville, August 6, 1855
Tom Stephens ........................................................................................................................ 174
Logan County Emancipations, 1792–1865
Judy Lyne ............................................................................................................................. 182
Those Mentioned in the Cumberland Courier, Burksville, July 29, 1877........................................ 209
Correspondence ............................................................................................................................ 211
Queries...........................................................................................................................................211
Mystery Album ..............................................................................................................................228
Index ...........................................................................................................................................212
on the cover:
This image of Louisville’s Election Day violence of August 6, 1855, “redrawn from a sketch

and description furnished … by an eye-witness,” appeared in the Louisville Courier-Journal on November 7, 1897.
The day’s horrific events, in which at least 22 people were killed and numerous others wounded, became known
as Bloody Monday.
Annotated Notes on
Bloody Monday, Louisville,
August 6, 1855
By Tom Stephens
The Election Day violence in Louisville in 1855 that came to be known as Bloody Monday was the result of
the formation of the American party—also called the “Know-Nothings”—and its antipathy toward foreigners and
members of the Catholic Church. Just as the formerly dominant Whig Party was disintegrating in the early 1850s,
German and Irish immigrants arrived to swell the ranks of the Democratic party. Of the approximately 36,000 white
population of Louisville in 1850, almost 11,000 were Irish and German newcomers, many of whom were Catholic.
The Know-Nothings had taken over the Louisville and Jefferson County governments and their courts by April 1855
and were in control of the polls on Election Day. In Louisville, the pre-eminent race of the day was that between the
Know-Nothings’ Humphrey Marshall and the Democrats’ William Preston for a seat in Congress. Added to this incen-
diary atmosphere was the fiery rhetoric of Louisville Daily Journal editor George D. Prentice. As voters headed to the
polls on the morning of Aug. 6, the Journal implored the Know-Nothings to “Rally to put down an organization of
Jesuit Bishops, Preists, and other Papists, who aim by secret oaths and horrid perjuries, and midnight plottings, to sap
the foundations of all our political edifices—State and national….Americans, are you all ready? We think we hear
you shout ‘Ready!’ Well, fire! And may heaven have mercy on the foe.” Twenty-two people died that day and numerous
others were injured. What follows are quotes from contemporary accounts, as well as later reminiscences by those who
witnessed the events of Bloody Monday.
Louisville Courier-Journal fell into the trap because of intense religious preju-
November 7, 1897 dices. The mob was spontaneous, reckless, brutal,
“The feeling was running very high, and for some and worse than all, ungovernable.”
time … and it was generally understood that there
would be trouble.” “The plans were well laid. The polls were sur-
rounded by the Marshall sympathizers early in the
“It was evident that the anti-Catholic and anti-for- day and great lines of men were on either side of
eign contingents (Know-Nothing or American Party) the entrances to the voting places and every man
were determined to win, no matter what it cost.” who wanted to vote had to run the gauntlet. An old
citizen who was known to be of American birth was
“The rumor had been spread abroad that the Mar- allowed to vote if he had the nerve to take his life
shall supporters would take possession of the polls in his own hands….But it was very different with
and prevent the foreigners and Catholics from vot- the honest German, the patriotic Irishman, or the
ing. Those citizens who were to be proscribed gave devout Catholic. Some on in the crowd surely knew
out that they would fight for their rights and would him, and gave the warning by challenging his vote.
not submit to any injustice.” If he accepted this proscription, perhaps he was al-
lowed to escape. But if he was disposed to question
“The dirty work of the campaign and especially this arbitrary method of running elections and to
of the day was done by a number of lawless, fearless give voice to his opinion, he was set upon at once. If
agitators, who held a man’s life at small value. Chief he showed fight it was but a moment before he was
among these were Phil Victor, Herk Walker and overpowered and driven, bruised and bloody, to seek
____ Tompkins.1 Then there was the rabble which refuge in some friendly shelter.”
2006 Kentucky Ancestors V41-4 174
Bloody Monday, Louisville, August 6, 1855, continued ____________
“The bad blood that was shown on that day can suppress or control the fury and riot of the factions.”
not be measured by the murders, the brutal assaults
nor even the bruises that resulted from it, for this Louisville Daily Courier
was not half of the wickedness that transpired during August 8, 1855
the twenty-four hours which have come to be known (“Evening Edition, Three O’Clock, P.M.)
in the annals of municipal history as the reign of “Large crowds were stationed at the entrance to
terror.” shove back Preston voters, while side and back doors
were provided for Marshall men.”
“They would have destroyed the Fifth-street
Cathedral and other Roman Catholic churches had “In the Sixth ward, one of the most quiet and re-
it not been for the firm stand taken by Mayor John spectable in the city, foreigners were driven from the
Barbee. The rumor had gained wide circulation that polls and then beaten for presuming to so that which
there were arms stored in the Cathedral and in other the Constitution grants them. About the Courthouse
places in the city, notably Ambruster’s brewery, the there was stationed during the day a party of worth-
mob determined to fire all such property and to ex- less bullies, who disgraced the city by their demoniac
ecute the owners and custodians. Bishop Spaulding, yells an acts of ruffianism.”
hearing of the plan, locked the doors of the Cathe-
dral and turned the keys over to the Mayor.” “The first severe fighting occurred near the corner
of Shelby and Green streets about 11 o’clock in the
“At night, some sixteen houses on Main street, morning. In this Germans, Irish, and Americans
in the vicinity of Eleventh, were fired and burned. actively participated. The foreigners were worsted,
Shots were exchanged between the mob outside and and several of them, taking refuge in a house, had to
the occupants within with destructive effect. Other escape the rear way with broken bones and bruised
buildings were fired and similar scenes in other bodies.”
parts of the city. Twenty-to persons were killed, and
many wounded during the twenty-four hours’ reign “Intelligence was immediately communicated to
of terror, about three-fourths Irish and one-fourth the Lafayette and Kentucky engine-houses, and im-
Americans, the police of the city being inadequate to mediately a force was armed and marching toward
Detail of Beers & Lanagan’s Atlas of Jefferson and Oldham Counties, Kentucky, 1879
The Irish community surrounding St. Patrick’s Church was the scene of the worst carnage of Bloody Monday, which
killed at least 22 people. Twelve houses at 11th and Main streets were torched and those trying to flee them were shot
down or beaten to death. Many, it was reported, elected to die in their burning homes rather than face the mob. Patrick
Quinn, who owned the houses and lived in a room in one of them, was “shot, beaten and then burned (to death).”
175 2006 Kentucky Ancestors V41-4
Bloody Monday, Louisville, August 6, 1855, continued ____________
the scene of these reputed outrages. Going up Shelby
street this body of men and boys became wild with
excitement, and when they reached Green street were
panting for blood. Here it was that while the prelim-
inaries of battle were being arranged the Americans
received a volley of shot, and then the engagement
followed. In this fight Officer Williams was pep-
pered with small shot; Joe Selvage received ten shots;
Frank Stout was shot slightly in the arm and side;
Wm. Richards received a charge of small shot indis-
criminately over his body; Vard Morris was slightly
injured, and Wm. Atkinson received several bad
wounds. In the same melee Mr. Ether was wounded
by a ball that crushed the bones in one of his legs,
rendering amputation necessary for the safety of his
life.”2
“Having dispersed the Germans, the mob imme-
diately went to work demolishing the coffee-house
kept by Chris. Meier.3 The windows and doors were
broken in, the counters and shelving demolished,
the furniture smashed up and the inmates forced to
flee. In a short time this army of vandals, receiving
KHS Collection/Courtesy B. Murphy
constant armed accessions from all quarters of the Louisville Mayor John Barbee, himself a member of the
city, as the news was spread, took up its march, stop- American Party, faced down the “mad mob” of Know-
ping next at Conrad Kitzler’s, corner of Walnut and Nothings bent on burning down St. Martin’s Church on
the heels of their destruction of several German-owned
Shelby, who was sitting in his house quietly enjoying
businesses along Shelby Street. After entering and
his pipe and beer….The property for which he had
examining the church, Barbee was able to disperse the
laboriously worked was nearly demolished, his furni-
crowd by disproving the story that gunpowder was stored
ture cut in pieces and the lives of himself and family there.
threatened.”4
trouble, Capt. Rousseau marshaled the large force
“At this point a fight occurred in the street, in and counter-marched to the Lafayette engine-house,
which a German, residing on Shelby and Madison the rioters as they returned knocking down signs and
streets, was killed, and several injured. E.M. Saat- breaking windows.
kamp, a German baker on Walnut street, received Peace had been but practically restored in that
several cuts in the head.” section when a cannon, fully manned for action, fol-
lowed by fifty men, armed with muskets and bayo-
“The mad mob pushed further out Shelby street, nets, came up the street at a furious rate. This party,
and had nearly reached the Catholic church, which under the leadership of Capt. D.C. Stone, proceeded
they proposed sacking and burning, when Mayor up Main street, crossed over to the head of Jefferson,
Barbee appeared in the crowd. His efforts at paci- and while in that vicinity the following property was
fication were for some time fruitless, but at last he destroyed, viz:
gained the multitude’s attention, went and examined Ambrusters’ large brewery was fired, and the
the church, reported ‘no powder found,’ and then workmen were severely injured and stock and ma-
having assured them that they had won the election, chinery totally burned. Loss over $6,000….
ordered them, under the command of Capt. Rous- Adolph Peter’s brewery, adjoining, was fired three
seau, to return to their respective wards. With much times, but unsuccessfully.5
2006 Kentucky Ancestors V41-4 176
Bloody Monday, Louisville, August 6, 1855, continued ____________
Charles Heybach’s establishment was completely “On Main street, a little further above, on the op-
riddled, and a man named Fritz was shot in the posite side of the street, the coopering shop of Edward
breast.6 Prim was burned to the ground. Loss about $600.
The confectionery of Daniel Smook was attacked
and the females driven to the garret, where they were “During the trouble Monday afternoon a German
nearly suffocated buy the burning brewery. named John Vogt, residing on Clay street, near Mad-
Baker’s house, next door, was stoned and other- ison, was shot and killed. His wife was cut across
wise injured. the breast and her young child injured. A German
In the attack on the brewery Saddler, the cart named Keiser, living on Marshall street, was killed.”7
driver, was badly wounded, and his wife, being
driven over the bridge, could not gain admission into “Walter Murphy, an Irishman, was chased by a
the houses of any of her friends for fear of their being large party and shot Monday evening near Owsley,
mobbed. Kinnard & Co.’s pork house. He died yesterday
The bakery of Charles Beckers was attacked and morning having previously stated that Charles Genet
stoned, and the windows of Charles Drout’s barber- was his murderer.”8
shop were broken. Those houses belonged to Mr.
Raymond, who lived in the country. “George Edgerton, while conversing with some la-
The grocery store of Fred Burghold was com- dies on Green street, received a shot below the chin.”
pletely gutted of its contents, his damages being fully
$1,000. Adjoining, the shoe store of Joseph Hook “John Feller, a German, was stabbed seven times in
was similarly treated. These houses were the property the fight on the corner of Shelby and Marshall, and
of Jacob Stealer.” Hein, a German rope maker, while walking along the
street, was attacked by a crowd and terribly beaten.”9
“Poor women were fleeing with their children, and
little mementoes of home that were brought from “In the Fifth ward, between 1 and 2 o’clock
the fatherland; men were cowering before the mad Monday, a dastardly attack was made on Henry M.
multitude and hiding themselves wherever oppor- Smith, a worthy gentleman who has resided in that
tunity offered, while most painful of all sights the ward and whose residence is next to the engine house
stars and stripes waved at the head of sacrilegious where the polls were held.10 For no offense whatever
mobites.” he was grossly insulted by those who wished to create
a difficulty and without resenting it, he was pursued
“Visiting yesterday the scene of these outrages we in his own word; and had it not been for the efficient
were sickened a the ruin that had been wrought, the exertions of Messrs. Kirkpatrick and Bacon he would
homes devastated, furniture broken and burned and doubtless have been murdered, despite the fact that
the poor inhabitants gathered about the remnants of his fainting wife threw herself with her children
their property, terrified at every sound lest it might between him and his assailants.”11
be the signal for another attack.”
“Late in the afternoon in the Sixth ward, an Irish-
“About 12 o’clock at night a frame grocery on the man was peaceably walking along the pavement
corner of Madison and Shelby streets was burned.” in front of the courthouse, when he was assaulted
by a gang of men standing by. He attempted to
“On Main street, just above Woodland Garden, a escape, but was pursued by some thirty men who
coopering establishment belonging to Thomas Gar- had concealed on their persons short sticks with one
rety, was set fire between 12 and 1 o’clock yesterday end loaded with lead. He was knocked down, and
morning, and burned to the ground. Mr. Garrety brutally beaten, and one man actually thrust a large
was sick in bed at the time and had been confined pitchfork into his person. He was then taken up and
for several days. His loss, though small—about taken to jail, the man marching along with the pitch-
$500—leaves him and his family desititute.” fork on his shoulder, blood running from its prongs.
177 2006 Kentucky Ancestors V41-4
Bloody Monday, Louisville, August 6, 1855, continued ____________
While the victim was placed in jail, the attempted street, the fire destroyed two houses occupied by
murderers were permitted to go along undisturbed in Dennis Higgins, James Welch and Mrs. Monohan.15
search of other subjects.” All the above twelve houses were the property of
Patrick Quinn, brother of an Irish Catholic priest.
“In the lower part of the city, as stated yesterday, Mr. Quinn had a room in one of his houses, was
the difficulties originated near the corner of Chapel shot and beaten and then burned last night. On the
and Main streets. About 5 o’clock a man named opposite side of Main, two houses occupied by John
Rhoads pursued an Irishman into a house on Main Fitzgerald and Mrs. Trainer were burned.16
street, was fired at and killed. John Hudson, residing
on Green street, near the corner of Preston, was shot “The acts of incendiarism that we have just record-
in the Eight ward, about the same time. William ed, while outrageous in themselves, do not compare in
Graham, a foundryman, while assisting Rhoads, was atrocity with the dreadful murders that were commit-
shot in the back of the head by Barrett, an Irishman. ted at the same time. Seeking to escape death from
Barrett was immediately seized, shot and hung, but the flames, the wretched inhabitants reached the street
not dying he was taken to jail, where he expired dur- only to meet death in another form. As soon as one
ing the night.” appeared at a door he was fired at and generally killed.
A number were taken off badly wounded, and others
“About 8 o’clock, the block of brick buildings on shot to pieces returned to the burning houses, prefer-
the corner of Main and Eleventh streets were sur- ring rather to be burned than to meet the infuriated
rounded by a very large, excited and well-armed mob. One man escaped in woman’s clothes, was
mob. The cannon was stationed in the streets, and detected and shot. Another, who came out covered
the corner building occupied as a grocery store by with a blanket, and, leaning on the arm of his wife,
Mr. Long, an Irishman; was fired. His three sons was torn away, and deliberately shot. To escape from
were in the house at the time, one of whom escaped within to the street without being killed was almost a
with the assistance of C.W. Field, while the other matter of impossibility. How many of these miserable
two were consumed in the flames.12 The fire imme- people thus caged in their own houses were burned
diately extended, burning the adjoining three-story alive there can be no computation. The blackened and
brick house occupied by D. Riordan, an Irishman, as charred remains of some have been discovered, while
a feed store. A frame building occupied as a board- we hear of wives and children whose husbands and
ing-house by Charles Kyan was next consumed. The fathers are not to be found.”
vacant houses then caught and were burned. Next
came a brick occupied “This is the last of
by McKinney, a German a series of outrageous
Information on Bloody Monday
cigar maker and saddler. crimes which the Know-
Adjoining was a brick Nothing organization
victims, participants needed
in which Patrick Flynn has been guilty of since it
lived, and tenanted in first reared its hydra-head
part by Mrs. Henry, Mrs. The Kentucky Historical Society exhibit in this country. It is the
Wheeler, Mrs. McGinty My New Kentucky Home, which explores fitting sequel to the Poole
and Mrs. Dowd.13 The the immigrant experience in the Bluegrass martyrdom, the Hiss
next house was occupied disclosures, the tarring
state from pioneer times to the present, will
by Dennis O’Brien, Mrs. and feathering of Catho-
open in April 2007.
Flanery and Mrs. Mc- lic priests, the burning of
If you have any information about the
Grath.14 Farther up the ballot boxes, the desecra-
individuals mentioned in this article, please
street, two brick stores, tion of churches, and
one used by John McDon- contact Tom Stephens at [phone]. the knocking down and
ald, grocer, were nearly murdering of inoffensive
demolished. On Eleventh citizens, all of which acts
2006 Kentucky Ancestors V41-4 178
Bloody Monday, Louisville, August 6, 1855, continued ____________
ing on Jackson street, Wm. Hardin, a Know-Nothing
and Jesse Hughes, a Catholic, became engaged in an
altercation. Hughes was knocked down, and falling
to the earth a pistol that he carried in his pocket was
accidentally discharged, killing him.
Letter of James Speed to Col. W.R. Thompson,
September 8, 1855
Dear Sir: You ask me to state what I saw on the
6th day of August last, the day of the election. I do so
cheerfully. I went to vote before my breakfast, about
6 o’clock. I found a crowd around the polls and great
difficulty in getting in. There was a good deal of
noise and much hallooing for Marshall.
I returned from my breakfast about 9 o’clock,
and went directly into the court room where the
votes were taken. The crowd and a large and noisy
one was in the passage. I remained in the room till
about 9:30 or 10 o’clock a.m. Whilst there I heard
the noise of several fights in the passage, and saw
from the window Irishmen and Germans beaten and
chased from the court-house yard.
When I came from the court room, or the room
in which the votes were taken, into the passage the
James Speed’s letter to Colonel W.R. Thompson on crowd which had been in the passage and chased
Sept. 8, 1855, was an important eyewitness account some foreigners into the yard east of the court-house
of the Bloody Monday events. Speed served as U.S.
and saw the crowd running down Sixth street. I
attorney general under President Abraham Lincoln and
went back through the court-house, and out of the
in numerous other elected offices, from the Louisville
front door to my office in front of the court-house.
Board of Alderman to the Kentucky House and Senate.
From my office I saw many men, Irish and German,
are identified with its history and have been its dis- beaten in the court-house yard before dinner. It was
tinguishing characteristics….” not fighting man to man, but as many as could fall
upon a single Irishman or German and beat him
“Capt. Thomas, a highly respectable and intel- with sticks or short clubs—not walking canes, but
ligent citizen of Madison, desires us to state that short clubs. I advised all foreigners I saw after I came
before any difficulty had commenced, he was pass- out of the court-house and before I went to my din-
ing down Market street and saw ahead of him three ner, not to go near the court-house. From the time
decent, genteel appearing Irishmen, who turned off I came out of the court-house till dinner time, the
at Tenth street. Reaching Main he observed a man court-house yard was occupied by a number of men
rush out and knock one of the Irishmen down, while and boys armed with short clubs shouting “Hurrah
the others were chased across the street into a house, for Marshall!” “Hurrah for Sam!” They wore yellow
and then the firing commenced from windows. This, tickets in their hats or on their breasts.
Capt. Thomas says, was the commencement of the Soon after I returned from dinner, about 2:30
whole trouble, growing out of an unprovoked assault o’clock p.m., I saw a number of men and boys com-
upon an Irishman who was quietly passing along the ing out of the court-house armed with muskets and
street.” a great many armed with clubs. I inquired of Judge
Bodley what it meant: he replied that the Germans
ACCIDENTALLY KILLED.—Yesterday morn- two hundred strong and armed with double-barrel
179 2006 Kentucky Ancestors V41-4
Bloody Monday, Louisville, August 6, 1855, continued ____________
shotguns had taken possession of the polls in the ing to ___ an Irishman, and saw the wound or bruise
First ward. I told him that it was not so and would on his cheek. He told me that he had been struck for
not be so. He replied with warmth showing that he trying to keep the mob off the Irishman they were
believed it to be true. pursuing.
I was about my office till after 5 o’clock. Before I I am, sir, most respectfully your obedient servant
left the office or the neighborhood, I saw many Irish- and friend.
men carried to jail all covered with blood. JAMES SPEED.
Near 5 o’clock and before I left the office an infu- W.R. THOMPSON, ESQ.
riated crowd, wearing the yellow ticket, came yelling
down Jefferson street, guarding an Irishman to jail Col. Durrett’s Recollections.
who was all covered with blood and so weak that he “I have very distinct recollections of ‘Boody
had to be supported to walk. A man with the same Monday,’” said Col. R.T. Durrett the other day,
yellow-ticket badge followed just after with an iron “but it has been so long since the occurrences of that
pitchfork. Betwixt the front gate of the Court-house dreadful day that I can not recall the various details.
yard and Sixth street the crowd on guard took after I was here and lived all through the excitement—in
a little German who was going up Jefferson street. fact, I had some little part in it. I was attorney for
They raised the shout “move him.” He ran, pursued Mrs. Ambruster in her suit against the city, and after
by the crowd; He was stricken many times before he fourteen years succeeded in getting the claim allowed
got to the Court-house yard gate, and soon after he by the Council.” Besides I wrote a great deal for the
got into the yard he was knocked down and most newspapers then and on account of certain vigor-
unmercifully beaten. To escape the blows he crawled ous editorials, directed against the Know Nothing
under the Know Nothing stand, and from where movement and the candidacy of Gen. Humphrey
I stood I thought the man with the Iron pitchfork Marshall, I incurred their enmity to a certain degree,
stabbed him when under there. In this I am told I as I afterward learned, for it placed me on the list
was mistaken. They dragged him from under the of those who were to suffer for their opposition to
stand, more dead than alive, and carried him to jail the party pledged to religious proscription and the
on their shoulders, the crowd yelling to make the foreign element.
damned rascal walk. I still think the man with the “I had no difficulty in voting on that day, al-
pitchfork stuck the man when down. though it was extremely hazardous for a foreigner, a
I know that the Court-house and Court-house Catholic or a Democrat to get near the polls. Prob-
yard was in the possession and under the control ably it was because I was known as an old citizen and
of Know Nothing bullies from 8 o’clock a.m. until an American that my vote was not challenged. At
____ ____ ____ the foreigners were so frightened any rate I voted and witnessed one or two threatened
that they would not come about there. attacks around the polls.
The foreigners came to the Court-house in the “I have vivid recollections of Gen. Preston, who
morning, not in crowds, but singly, and without was a Democratic candidate for Congress, and meet-
clubs or arms of any kind. I saw no foreigner mis- ing him early in the morning on election day, I said
behave or do or say an insolent thing. The Know to him: ‘General, I don’t think you have any chance
Nothings had clubs and yelled incessantly. if they carry out the tactics they propose.’ Gen.
About dinner-time I saw a small German knocked Preston was very game and very brave. He replied
from the front steps or from the upper platform to that he did not know what his fate would be, but
the bottom. I thought that the fall would kill him. he was ready to make a sacrifice of his own life for
They ran down, beat him with clubs and he got up, principle, and remarked that a few first-class funerals
and as he ran pelted him with stones. A man met would do more to abolish the lawless organization
him and knocked him down. Capt. Rousseau got up than anything else. So far as I know, no violence was
and with three men saved him. attempted on Gen. Preston, and he came and went
When I was in the court room I heard that the unmolested.
Hon. Will R. Thompson was struck while attempt- “I firmly believe that the acts on the Know-noth-
2006 Kentucky Ancestors V41-4 180