Vitamin D Analogs in Cancer Prevention and Therapy

422 Pages·2003·6.368 MB·English

by  Michael F. Holick (auth.), Dr. Jörg Reichrath, Prof.Dr. Wolfgang Tilgen, Dr. Michael Friedrich (eds.)

164
Recent Results
in Cancer Research
ManagingEditors
P.M. Schlag, Berlin (cid:2) H.-J. Senn, St. Gallen
AssociateEditors
P. Kleihues, Lyon (cid:2) F. Stiefel, Lausanne
B. Groner, Frankfurt (cid:2) A. Wallgren, G(cid:2)teborg
FoundingEditors
P. Rentchnik, Geneva
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
J. Reichrath · M. Friedrich
W. Tilgen (Eds.)
Vitamin D
Analogs
in Cancer
Prevention
and Therapy
With 135 Figures and 37 Tables
B D
Dr.J(cid:2)rgReichrath
Prof.Dr.WolfgangTilgen
HautklinikundPoliklinikderUniversit(cid:2)tsklinikendesSaarlandes
KirrbergerStr.
66421Homburg/Saar
Dr.MichaelFriedrich
FrauenklinikdesUniversit(cid:2)tsklinikumsderEberhard-Karls-Universit(cid:2)t
Calwerstr.7
71076T(cid:3)bingen
IndexedinCurrentContentsandIndexMedicus
ISSN0080-0015
ISBN 978-3-642-62435-3 ISBN 978-3-642-55580-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-55580-0
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
VitaminDanalogsincancerpreventionandtherapy/J.Reichrath,F.Michael,W.Til-
gen,eds.
p.;cm.–(Recentresultsincancerresearch,ISSN0080-0015;164)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN 978-3-642-62435-3(alk.paper)
1.VitaminD–Derivatives–Therapeuticuse–Congresses.2.Cancer–Chemotherapy
– Congresses. 3. Cancer – Prevention – Congresses. I. Reichrath, J. (J(cid:4)rg), 1962–
II.Michael,F.(Friedrich),1966–III.Tilgen,W.(Wolfgang),1944–IV.Series.
[DNLM:1.Neoplasms–drugtherapy.2.Neoplasms–prevention&control.3.Vita-
minD–analogs&derivatives.4.VitaminD–physiology.5.VitaminD–therapeutic
use.QZ267V8352003]
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(cid:5)Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2003
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Contents
1 Molecular Biologyof Vitamin D
EvolutionandFunctionofVitaminD ............................ 3
MichaelF.Holick
CurrentUnderstandingoftheFunctionoftheNuclearVitaminDReceptor
inResponsetoItsNaturalandSyntheticLigands ................... 29
CarstenCarlberg
ApproachestoEvaluatingtheAssociationofVitaminD
ReceptorGenePolymorphismswithBreastCancerRisk .............. 43
MichelleGuy,LorraineC.Lowe,DeborahBretherton-Watt,
JanineL.Mansi,KayW.Colston
LigandStructure–FunctionRelationshipsintheVitaminD
EndocrineSystemfromthePerspectiveofDrugDevelopment
(IncludingCancerTreatment) .................................. 55
AnthonyW.Norman,MathewT.Mizwicki,
WilliamH.Okamura
AntiproliferativeSignallingby1,25(OH) D inProstateandBreastCancer
2 3
IsSuppressedbyaMechanismInvolvingHistoneDeacetylation ........ 83
ClaireM.Banwel,RenaSingh,PaulM.Stewart,
MilanR.Uskokovic,MorayJ.Campbell
MechanismsImplicatedintheGrowthRegulatoryEffectsofVitaminD
CompoundsinBreastCancerCells .............................. 99
LorraineLowe,ChristinaMørkHansen,SiddhikaSenaratne,
KayW.Colston
SquamousCellCarcinomasFailtoRespondtothe
ProdifferentiatingActionsof1,25(OH) D:Why? .................... 111
2
DanielD.Bikle,ZhongjianXie,DeanNg,Chia-LingTu,
YukoOda
VI Contents
ANovelVitaminD-RegulatedImmediate-EarlyGene,IEX-1,
AltersCellularGrowthandApoptosis ............................ 123
RajivKumar,MarkR.Pittelkow,JeffreyL.Salisbury,
JosephP.Grande,Hee-JeongIm,KathrinA.Feldmann,
DavidSchilling
ExtrarenalSitesofCalcitriolSynthesis:TheParticularRoleoftheSkin ... 135
BodoLehmann,MichaelMeurer
CulturedRatGrowthPlateChondrocytesExpressLowLevels
of1a-Hydroxylase .......................................... 147
LutzWeber,UlrikeH(cid:2)gel,J(cid:3)rgReichrath,HaukeSieverts,
OttoMehls,G(cid:2)nterKlaus
GeneAmplificationandSpliceVariantsof25-HydroxyvitaminD 1,
3
a-Hydroxylase(CYP27B1)inGlioblastomaMultiforme—APossibleRole
inTumorProgression? ....................................... 151
BrittaDiesel,UlrikeFischer,EckartMeese
Regulationofthe25-HydroxyvitaminD-1a-HydroxylaseGene
andItsSpliceVariant ........................................ 157
JohnN.Flanagan,LilinWang,VinTangpricha,
J(cid:3)rgReichrath,TaiC.Chen,MichaelF.Holick
CombinationofVitaminDMetaboliteswithSelectiveInhibitors
ofVitaminDMetabolism ..................................... 169
IngeSchuster,HelmutEgger,GerdaHerzig,
G.SatyanarayanaReddy,GeorgVorisek
ImportanceOfCytochromeP450-MediatedMetabolismintheMechanism
ofActionofVitaminDAnalogs ................................ 189
SonokoMasuda,MianGao,AnqiZhang,MartinKaufmann,
GlenvilleJones
2 The Vitamin D System in Cancer
TheRoleofVitaminDinProstateCancer ......................... 205
ArunaV.Krishnan,DonnaM.Peehl,DavidFeldman
VitaminDAutocrineSystemandProstateCancer................... 223
LilinWang,LymanW.Whitlatch,JohnN.Flanagan,
MichaelF.Holick,TaiC.Chen
AnalysisoftheVitaminDSysteminCervicalCarcinomas,BreastCancer
andOvarianCancer ......................................... 239
MichaelFriedrich,LeylaRafi,TanjaMitschele,
WolfgangTilgen,WernerSchmidt,J(cid:3)rgReichrath
Contents VII
Short-ChainFattyAcidsandColonCancerCells:
TheVitaminDReceptor—ButyrateConnection .................... 247
TanjaGaschott,J(cid:2)rgenStein
AnalysisoftheVitaminDsysteminCutaneousMalignancies .......... 259
J(cid:3)rnKamradt,LeylaRafi,TanjaMitschele,ViktorMeineke,
BarbaraC.G(cid:4)rtner,WolfgangTilgen,MichaelF.Holick,
J(cid:3)rgReichrath
3 Antitumor Effects of Vitamin D Analogs
EvaluationofVitaminDAnalogsasTherapeuticAgents
forProstateCancer ......................................... 273
TaiC.Chen,MichaelF.Holick,BalL.Lokeshwar,
KerryL.Burnstein,GaryG.Schwartz
Design,Synthesis,andBiologicalStudiesoftheA-Ring-Modified
1,25-DihydroxyvitaminD3Analogs ............................. 289
HiroakiTakayama,AtsushiKittaka,ToshieFujishima,
YoshitomoSuhara
InductionofApoptosisbyVitaminDMetabolitesandAnalogs
inaGliomaCellLine ........................................ 319
JosefElias,BrigitteMarian,ChristaEdling,BodoLachmann,
ChristianR.Noe,RolfSchulte-Hermann,IngeSchuster
VitaminDAnalogsandBreastCancer ........................... 333
JamesO(cid:5)Kelly,H.PhillipKoeffler
ALow-CalcemicVitaminDAnalog(Ro25-4020)InhibitstheGrowth
ofLNCaPHumanProstateCancerCellswithIncreasedPotency
byProducinganActive24-OxoMetabolite(Ro29–9970)............. 349
SrilathaSwami,Xiao-YanZhao,StephenSarabia,
Mei-LingSiu-Caldera,MilanUskokovic,SatyaG.Reddy,
DavidFeldman
ProspectsforVitaminDreceptorModulatorsasCandidateDrugs
forCancerand(Auto)immuneDiseases .......................... 353
RogerBouillon,AnnemiekeVerstuyf,LieveVerlinden,
GuyEelen,ChantalMathieu
TheRoleofReactiveOxygenSpeciesintheAnticancerActivity
ofVitaminD .............................................. 357
AmiramRavid,RuthKoren
VIII Contents
4 Vitamin D in Cancer Prevention
EcologicStudiesofSolarUV-BRadiationandCancerMortalityRates .... 371
WilliamB.Grant
Phytoestrogensand17b-EstradiolInfluenceVitaminDMetabolism
andReceptorExpression—RelevanceforColonCancerPrevention...... 379
DanielLechner,HeideS.Cross
EfficacyandMechanismofActionof1a-hydroxy-24-ethyl-Cholecalciferol
(1a[OH]D5)inBreastCancerPreventionandTherapy ............... 393
ErumA.Hussain,RajeshwariR.Mehta,RahulRay,
TapasK.DasGupta,RajendraG.Mehta
RegulationofExtrarenalVitaminDMetabolismasaToolforColon
andProstateCancerPrevention ............................... 413
HeideS.Cross,Enik(cid:3)K(cid:6)llay,HessoFarhan,TinaWeiland,
TheresaManhardt
ModulationofX-ray-InducedApoptosisinHumanKeratinocytes(HaCaT)
by1,25-DihydroxyvitaminD .................................. 427
3
ViktorMeineke,CarolinaPfaffendorf,MichaelaSchinn,
WolfgangTilgen,ArturMayerhofer,NicolaDimitrijevic,
DirkvanBeuningen,J(cid:3)rgReichrath
1
Molecular Biology of Vitamin D
Evolution and Function of Vitamin D
MichaelF.Holick
)
M.F.Holick( )
VitaminDLaboratory,SectionofEndocrinology,DiabetesandNutrition,
DepartmentofMedicine,
BostonUniversityMedicalCenter,
Boston,MA,02118USA
E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract
Itisremarkablethatphytoplanktonandzooplanktonhavebeenproducingvi-
taminDfor morethan500millionyears.TheroleofvitaminDinlower non-
vertebratelifeformsisnotwellunderstood.However,itiscritically important
that mostvertebratesobtainanadequatesourceofvitaminD,either fromex-
posuretosunlightorfromtheirdiet,inordertodevelopandmaintainaheal-
thy mineralized skeleton. Vitamin D deficiency is an unrecognized epidemic
inmostadultswhoarenotexposedtoadequatesunlight.Thiscanprecipitate
and exacerbateosteoporosis andcause the painful bonedisease osteomalacia.
OncevitaminDisabsorbedfromthedietormadeintheskinby theactionof
sunlight, it is metabolized in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]
andtheninthekidney to1,25-dihydroxyvitaminD[1,25(OH) D].1,25(OH) D
2 2
interactswithitsnuclearreceptor(VDR)intheintestineandboneinorderto
maintain calcium homeostasis. The VDR is also present in a wide variety of
othertissues.1,25(OH) Dinteractswiththesereceptorstohaveamultitudeof
2
important physiological effects. In addition, it is now recognized that many
tissues,includingcolon,breastandprostate,havetheenzymaticmachinery to
produce 1,25(OH) D. The insights into the new biological functions of
2
1,25(OH) D in regulating cell growth, modulating the immune system and
2
modulating therenin-angiotensinsystemprovidesanexplanationfor whydi-
minished sun exposureathigher latitudes is associatedwith increased riskof
dyingofmanycommoncancers,developingtype1diabetesandmultiplescle-
rosis, and having a higher incidence of hypertension. Another calciotropic
hormonethat is alsoproduced inthe skin, parathyroidhormone-relatedpep-
tide, is also a potent inhibitor of squamous cell proliferation. The use of ago-
nists and antagonists for PTHrP has important clinical applications for the
preventionandtreatmentofskindiseasesanddisordersofhairgrowth.
RecentResultsinCancerResearch,Vol.164
(cid:2)Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2003