Vitamin D Analogs in Cancer Prevention and Therapy

422 Pages·2003·6.37 MB·English

by  Michael F. Holick (auth.)

164
Recent Results
in Cancer Research
ManagingEditors
P.M. Schlag, Berlin (cid:2) H.-J. Senn, St. Gallen
AssociateEditors
P. Kleihues, Lyon (cid:2) F. Stiefel, Lausanne
B. Groner, Frankfurt (cid:2) A. Wallgren, G(cid:2)teborg
FoundingEditors
P. Rentchnik, Geneva
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
J. Reichrath · M. Friedrich
W. Tilgen (Eds.)
Vitamin D
Analogs
in Cancer
Prevention
and Therapy
With 135 Figures and 37 Tables
B D
Dr.J(cid:2)rgReichrath
Prof.Dr.WolfgangTilgen
HautklinikundPoliklinikderUniversit(cid:2)tsklinikendesSaarlandes
KirrbergerStr.
66421Homburg/Saar
Dr.MichaelFriedrich
FrauenklinikdesUniversit(cid:2)tsklinikumsderEberhard-Karls-Universit(cid:2)t
Calwerstr.7
71076T(cid:3)bingen
IndexedinCurrentContentsandIndexMedicus
ISSN0080-0015
ISBN 978-3-642-62435-3 ISBN 978-3-642-55580-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-55580-0
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
VitaminDanalogsincancerpreventionandtherapy/J.Reichrath,F.Michael,W.Til-
gen,eds.
p.;cm.–(Recentresultsincancerresearch,ISSN0080-0015;164)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN 978-3-642-62435-3(alk.paper)
1.VitaminD–Derivatives–Therapeuticuse–Congresses.2.Cancer–Chemotherapy
– Congresses. 3. Cancer – Prevention – Congresses. I. Reichrath, J. (J(cid:4)rg), 1962–
II.Michael,F.(Friedrich),1966–III.Tilgen,W.(Wolfgang),1944–IV.Series.
[DNLM:1.Neoplasms–drugtherapy.2.Neoplasms–prevention&control.3.Vita-
minD–analogs&derivatives.4.VitaminD–physiology.5.VitaminD–therapeutic
use.QZ267V8352003]
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(cid:5)Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2003
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Contents
1 Molecular Biologyof Vitamin D
EvolutionandFunctionofVitaminD ............................ 3
MichaelF.Holick
CurrentUnderstandingoftheFunctionoftheNuclearVitaminDReceptor
inResponsetoItsNaturalandSyntheticLigands ................... 29
CarstenCarlberg
ApproachestoEvaluatingtheAssociationofVitaminD
ReceptorGenePolymorphismswithBreastCancerRisk .............. 43
MichelleGuy,LorraineC.Lowe,DeborahBretherton-Watt,
JanineL.Mansi,KayW.Colston
LigandStructure–FunctionRelationshipsintheVitaminD
EndocrineSystemfromthePerspectiveofDrugDevelopment
(IncludingCancerTreatment) .................................. 55
AnthonyW.Norman,MathewT.Mizwicki,
WilliamH.Okamura
AntiproliferativeSignallingby1,25(OH) D inProstateandBreastCancer
2 3
IsSuppressedbyaMechanismInvolvingHistoneDeacetylation ........ 83
ClaireM.Banwel,RenaSingh,PaulM.Stewart,
MilanR.Uskokovic,MorayJ.Campbell
MechanismsImplicatedintheGrowthRegulatoryEffectsofVitaminD
CompoundsinBreastCancerCells .............................. 99
LorraineLowe,ChristinaMørkHansen,SiddhikaSenaratne,
KayW.Colston
SquamousCellCarcinomasFailtoRespondtothe
ProdifferentiatingActionsof1,25(OH) D:Why? .................... 111
2
DanielD.Bikle,ZhongjianXie,DeanNg,Chia-LingTu,
YukoOda
VI Contents
ANovelVitaminD-RegulatedImmediate-EarlyGene,IEX-1,
AltersCellularGrowthandApoptosis ............................ 123
RajivKumar,MarkR.Pittelkow,JeffreyL.Salisbury,
JosephP.Grande,Hee-JeongIm,KathrinA.Feldmann,
DavidSchilling
ExtrarenalSitesofCalcitriolSynthesis:TheParticularRoleoftheSkin ... 135
BodoLehmann,MichaelMeurer
CulturedRatGrowthPlateChondrocytesExpressLowLevels
of1a-Hydroxylase .......................................... 147
LutzWeber,UlrikeH(cid:2)gel,J(cid:3)rgReichrath,HaukeSieverts,
OttoMehls,G(cid:2)nterKlaus
GeneAmplificationandSpliceVariantsof25-HydroxyvitaminD 1,
3
a-Hydroxylase(CYP27B1)inGlioblastomaMultiforme—APossibleRole
inTumorProgression? ....................................... 151
BrittaDiesel,UlrikeFischer,EckartMeese
Regulationofthe25-HydroxyvitaminD-1a-HydroxylaseGene
andItsSpliceVariant ........................................ 157
JohnN.Flanagan,LilinWang,VinTangpricha,
J(cid:3)rgReichrath,TaiC.Chen,MichaelF.Holick
CombinationofVitaminDMetaboliteswithSelectiveInhibitors
ofVitaminDMetabolism ..................................... 169
IngeSchuster,HelmutEgger,GerdaHerzig,
G.SatyanarayanaReddy,GeorgVorisek
ImportanceOfCytochromeP450-MediatedMetabolismintheMechanism
ofActionofVitaminDAnalogs ................................ 189
SonokoMasuda,MianGao,AnqiZhang,MartinKaufmann,
GlenvilleJones
2 The Vitamin D System in Cancer
TheRoleofVitaminDinProstateCancer ......................... 205
ArunaV.Krishnan,DonnaM.Peehl,DavidFeldman
VitaminDAutocrineSystemandProstateCancer................... 223
LilinWang,LymanW.Whitlatch,JohnN.Flanagan,
MichaelF.Holick,TaiC.Chen
AnalysisoftheVitaminDSysteminCervicalCarcinomas,BreastCancer
andOvarianCancer ......................................... 239
MichaelFriedrich,LeylaRafi,TanjaMitschele,
WolfgangTilgen,WernerSchmidt,J(cid:3)rgReichrath
Contents VII
Short-ChainFattyAcidsandColonCancerCells:
TheVitaminDReceptor—ButyrateConnection .................... 247
TanjaGaschott,J(cid:2)rgenStein
AnalysisoftheVitaminDsysteminCutaneousMalignancies .......... 259
J(cid:3)rnKamradt,LeylaRafi,TanjaMitschele,ViktorMeineke,
BarbaraC.G(cid:4)rtner,WolfgangTilgen,MichaelF.Holick,
J(cid:3)rgReichrath
3 Antitumor Effects of Vitamin D Analogs
EvaluationofVitaminDAnalogsasTherapeuticAgents
forProstateCancer ......................................... 273
TaiC.Chen,MichaelF.Holick,BalL.Lokeshwar,
KerryL.Burnstein,GaryG.Schwartz
Design,Synthesis,andBiologicalStudiesoftheA-Ring-Modified
1,25-DihydroxyvitaminD3Analogs ............................. 289
HiroakiTakayama,AtsushiKittaka,ToshieFujishima,
YoshitomoSuhara
InductionofApoptosisbyVitaminDMetabolitesandAnalogs
inaGliomaCellLine ........................................ 319
JosefElias,BrigitteMarian,ChristaEdling,BodoLachmann,
ChristianR.Noe,RolfSchulte-Hermann,IngeSchuster
VitaminDAnalogsandBreastCancer ........................... 333
JamesO(cid:5)Kelly,H.PhillipKoeffler
ALow-CalcemicVitaminDAnalog(Ro25-4020)InhibitstheGrowth
ofLNCaPHumanProstateCancerCellswithIncreasedPotency
byProducinganActive24-OxoMetabolite(Ro29–9970)............. 349
SrilathaSwami,Xiao-YanZhao,StephenSarabia,
Mei-LingSiu-Caldera,MilanUskokovic,SatyaG.Reddy,
DavidFeldman
ProspectsforVitaminDreceptorModulatorsasCandidateDrugs
forCancerand(Auto)immuneDiseases .......................... 353
RogerBouillon,AnnemiekeVerstuyf,LieveVerlinden,
GuyEelen,ChantalMathieu
TheRoleofReactiveOxygenSpeciesintheAnticancerActivity
ofVitaminD .............................................. 357
AmiramRavid,RuthKoren
VIII Contents
4 Vitamin D in Cancer Prevention
EcologicStudiesofSolarUV-BRadiationandCancerMortalityRates .... 371
WilliamB.Grant
Phytoestrogensand17b-EstradiolInfluenceVitaminDMetabolism
andReceptorExpression—RelevanceforColonCancerPrevention...... 379
DanielLechner,HeideS.Cross
EfficacyandMechanismofActionof1a-hydroxy-24-ethyl-Cholecalciferol
(1a[OH]D5)inBreastCancerPreventionandTherapy ............... 393
ErumA.Hussain,RajeshwariR.Mehta,RahulRay,
TapasK.DasGupta,RajendraG.Mehta
RegulationofExtrarenalVitaminDMetabolismasaToolforColon
andProstateCancerPrevention ............................... 413
HeideS.Cross,Enik(cid:3)K(cid:6)llay,HessoFarhan,TinaWeiland,
TheresaManhardt
ModulationofX-ray-InducedApoptosisinHumanKeratinocytes(HaCaT)
by1,25-DihydroxyvitaminD .................................. 427
3
ViktorMeineke,CarolinaPfaffendorf,MichaelaSchinn,
WolfgangTilgen,ArturMayerhofer,NicolaDimitrijevic,
DirkvanBeuningen,J(cid:3)rgReichrath
1
Molecular Biology of Vitamin D
Evolution and Function of Vitamin D
MichaelF.Holick
)
M.F.Holick( )
VitaminDLaboratory,SectionofEndocrinology,DiabetesandNutrition,
DepartmentofMedicine,
BostonUniversityMedicalCenter,
Boston,MA,02118USA
E-mail:[email protected]
Abstract
Itisremarkablethatphytoplanktonandzooplanktonhavebeenproducingvi-
taminDfor morethan500millionyears.TheroleofvitaminDinlower non-
vertebratelifeformsisnotwellunderstood.However,itiscritically important
that mostvertebratesobtainanadequatesourceofvitaminD,either fromex-
posuretosunlightorfromtheirdiet,inordertodevelopandmaintainaheal-
thy mineralized skeleton. Vitamin D deficiency is an unrecognized epidemic
inmostadultswhoarenotexposedtoadequatesunlight.Thiscanprecipitate
and exacerbateosteoporosis andcause the painful bonedisease osteomalacia.
OncevitaminDisabsorbedfromthedietormadeintheskinby theactionof
sunlight, it is metabolized in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]
andtheninthekidney to1,25-dihydroxyvitaminD[1,25(OH) D].1,25(OH) D
2 2
interactswithitsnuclearreceptor(VDR)intheintestineandboneinorderto
maintain calcium homeostasis. The VDR is also present in a wide variety of
othertissues.1,25(OH) Dinteractswiththesereceptorstohaveamultitudeof
2
important physiological effects. In addition, it is now recognized that many
tissues,includingcolon,breastandprostate,havetheenzymaticmachinery to
produce 1,25(OH) D. The insights into the new biological functions of
2
1,25(OH) D in regulating cell growth, modulating the immune system and
2
modulating therenin-angiotensinsystemprovidesanexplanationfor whydi-
minished sun exposureathigher latitudes is associatedwith increased riskof
dyingofmanycommoncancers,developingtype1diabetesandmultiplescle-
rosis, and having a higher incidence of hypertension. Another calciotropic
hormonethat is alsoproduced inthe skin, parathyroidhormone-relatedpep-
tide, is also a potent inhibitor of squamous cell proliferation. The use of ago-
nists and antagonists for PTHrP has important clinical applications for the
preventionandtreatmentofskindiseasesanddisordersofhairgrowth.
RecentResultsinCancerResearch,Vol.164
(cid:2)Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2003