Visualizing the Body in Art, Anatomy, and Medicine since 1800: Models and Modeling

311 Pages·2019·8.52 MB·English

by  Andrew Graciano

V B a , a ,
isualizing the ody in rt natomy
m 1800
and edicine since
This book expands the art historical perspective on art’s connection to anatomy
and medicine, bringing together in one text several case studies from various
methodological perspectives. The contributors focus on the common visual
and bodily nature of (figural) art, anatomy, and medicine around the central
concept of modeling (posing, exemplifying and fabricating). Topics covered
include the role of anatomical study in artistic training, the importance of art
and visual literacy in anatomical/medical training and in the dissemination
(via models) of medical knowledge/information, and artistic representations
of the medical body in the contexts of public health and propaganda.
Andrew Graciano is Professor
of Art History and the Director of Graduate Studies
(Studio Art, Media Arts, Art History, and Art Education)
at the University of South Carolina’s School of
Visual Art and Design.
Cover image: François Sallé (France, b.1839, d.1899). The anatomy class at the École
des beaux-arts, 1888. Oil on canvas, 218 × 299 cm. Art Gallery of New South Wales.
Purchased 1888. Photo: AGNSW, Diana Panuccio.
Science and the
Arts since 1750
Series Editor:
Barbara Larson, University of West Florida
This series of monographs and edited volumes explores the arts— painting and
sculpture, drama, dance, architecture, design, photography, popular culture
materials— as they intersect with emergent scientific theories, agendas, and
technologies, from any geographical area from 1750 to now.
For a full list of titles in this series, please visit https://www.routledge.com/
Science- and- the- Arts- since- 1750/book- series/ASHSER4039
Visualizing the Body in Art, Anatomy, and Medicine since 1800
Models and Modeling
Edited by Andrew Graciano
Art, Technology and Nature
Renaissance to Postmodernity
Edited by Camilla Skovbjerg Paldam and Jacob Wamberg
The Organic School of the Russian Avant-G arde
Nature’s Creative Principles
Isabel Wünsche
Science, Technology, and Utopias
Women Artists and Cold War America
Christine Filippone
Photography, Natural History and the Nineteenth- Century Museum
Exchanging Views of Empire
Kathleen Davidson
Visualizing the Body
in Art, Anatomy, and
Medicine since 1800
Models and Modeling
Edited by
Andrew Graciano
RO Routledge
UTLEDG Taylor & Francis Group
E
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published 2019
by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
and by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2019 Taylor & Francis
The right of Andrew Graciano to be identified as the author of the editorial
material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted
in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents
Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent
to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
A catalog record for this title has been requested
ISBN: 978–1- 138–54437–6 (hbk)
ISBN: 978–1- 351–00402–2 (ebk)
Typeset in Palatino by
Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire
For my children, Estella and Gavin, with love.
Taylor & Francis
Taylor & Francis Group
http://taylorandfrancis.com
Contents
List of Illustrations ix
Acknowledgements xv
About the Contributors xvii
Prologue: Modeling the Modern Body xxi
Rebecca Messbarger
Introduction: Models and Modeling in Art, Anatomy, and Medicine 1
Andrew Graciano
PART I: ANATOMICAL MODELS IN ARTISTIC
TRAINING: SCULPTED, LIVING,
AND DISSECTED
1 Anatomy in the Drawing Room at Felix Meritis
Maatschappij in Amsterdam: Between Skin and Bones,
Theory and Practice 15
Andrew Graciano
2 Fabulations of the Flesh: Géricault and the Praxis of Art and
Anatomy in France 39
Dorothy Johnson
3 Grecian Theory at the Royal Academy: John Flaxman and
the Pedagogy of Corporeal Representation 61
Josh Hainy
PART II: VISUAL MODELS IN ANATOMY
AND MEDICINE: ILLUSTRATIVE,
RADIOGRAPHIC, AND SCULPTURAL
4 The Brain in Text and in Image: Reconfiguring Medical
Knowledge in Late Eighteenth- Century Japan 87
Wei Yu Wayne Tan
viii CONTENTS
5 When Sight Penetrates the Body: The Use and Promotion of
Stereoscopic Radiography in Britain, 1896–1918 105
Antoine Gallay
6 Art in the Service of Medical Education: The 1939
Dickinson–Belskie Birth Series and the Use of Sculpture to
Teach the Process of Human Development from Fertilization
through Delivery 129
Rose Holz
PART III: MODELING PUBLIC HEALTH:
THE HEALTHY BODY IN ART AND
PROPAGANDA
7 Painting the Revolutionary Body: Anatomy and the
Remaking of Mexican History in the Murals of Diego Rivera 159
Niria Leyva-Gutiérrez
8 The Sick Man of Asia and the Anatomically Perfect Woman:
Remodeling Republican China’s (Body) Image through the
Visual Arts 181
Amanda Wangwright
PART IV: MODELING DISEASE: THE
PATHOLOGIZED BODY IN ART AND
MEDICINE
9 The Model Patient: Observation and Illustration at the
Musée Charcot 203
Natasha Ruiz-Gómez
10 The Fat Body as Anatomical and Medical Oddity: Lucian
Freud’s Paintings of Sue Tilley 233
Brittany Lockard
Index 251
List of Illustrations
Figures
P.1 Andreas Vesalius, Frontispiece, De 1.3 Hendrik de Flines, Standing male
Humani Corporis Fabrica (Basel, 1543). nude, with a relief of a fertility goddess
Courtesy of Becker Rare Book Library, (Isis?) and a shield with the emblem of Felix
Washington University Medical School, Meritis (Staand mannelijk naakt, met een
Saint Louis. reliëf waarop een vruchtbaarheidsgodin
(Isis?) en een schild met het embleem van
P.2 Andreas Vesalius’s Écorché Felix Meritis), 1789, object number RP- T-
De humani corporis fabrica (1543), FM- 237. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.
page 184. Photo Credit, Wellcome
Library, London. Wellcome Images 1.4 Jan Swart, Standing male nude by
[email protected] http:// a plinth (Staand mannelijk naakt bij een
wellcomeimages.org zuiltje), 1789, object number RP-T -
FM- 213. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.
P.3 John Bell, Etching of the bones,
muscles, and joints, illustrating the first 1.5 Cornelis van Heurn, Standing
volume of the Anatomy of the Human male nude with cape and shield (Staand
Body. 2nd ed. London, 1804. Etching. mannelijk naakt met mantel en schild),
National Library of Medicine. 1789, object number RP- T-FM- 228.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.
1.1 Rembrandt, Anatomy Lesson of Dr.
Nicolaes Tulp (1632). The Royal Cabinet 2.1 Jacques- Fabien Gautier d’Agoty,
of Paintings, Mauritshuis, The Hague. Two Heads. Anatomie de la tête . . . pl. 9
(Paris: Quillan, 1748). Public domain.
1.2 Cornelis Cornelisz van Haarlem,
The Wedding of Peleus and Thetis 2.2 Théodore Géricault, Ecorché,
(1592–93). Frans Hals Museum, drawing, ca. 1818/1819. Musée Bonnat,
Haarlem, long- term loan from the Royal Bayonne. Photo: RMN- Grand Palais/
Cabinet of Paintings, Mauritshuis, The Art Resource, New York.
Hague (Photography René Gerritsen).