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Thisisamajorpieceofwork.Itisacompletetreatmentofmedicalvisualizationandcertaintobecomeessentialreadingforany researcher,practitioner,andeducatorinthefield.Thebookiswellwrittenandorganized,withnicesummariesattheendofeach chapterthatpointtofurtherreading.Somepartsofthebookhavevaluebeyondthefieldofmedicine—forexample,thesectionson volumevisualization,withtheirclearexpositionofthedifferenttechniques,willbeausefulreferenceinquiteseparatefields,suchas computationalfluiddynamics.Thebookalsocoversaspectsofvirtualrealityinmedicine,withitschapteronvirtualendoscopy,an increasinglyimportantapplicationarea.Theauthorsaretobecongratulatedonamajorachievement. —DR.KENBRODLIE,ProfessorofVisualization,SchoolofComputing,UniversityofLeeds,UK Visualizationandmedicineareagreatcombination.Inthepast,medicalimagessuchasX-raysweredirectlyproducedaspho- tographs.Today,highlyadvancedimagingdevicessuchasMRIscannersproducelargeandcomplexdatasets,whichrequirealarge amountofprocessingtobeturnedintoimagesusefulinmedicalpractice.Thisbookdescribesthecurrenttechnologyforthisvisualiza- tionprocess.Medicaldoctorsareenthusiastic,highly-criticalusers,andmanyfruitfulcooperationswithvisualizationscientistshave developed.Asaresult,medicinehasbecomeoneofthelargestandmostsuccessfulapplicationsofvisualization,andtheresultshave foundtheirwaytoclinicalpracticeandindustrialproducts.Thefieldhasmaturedtothepointthatthestateoftheartneedsabook, andIcongratulatetheauthorsforrecognizingthisandcreatingthisimpressivevolume.Thebookcanserveasastandardreferencetext forresearchersandpractitioners,bothtechnicalandmedical.Asnewcoursesandcurriculainmedicaltechnologyaredevelopedand taughtaroundtheworld,VisualizationinMedicinefillstheneedforacomprehensivetext.Theory,practicalapplications,andadvanced topicsareallcoveredinawell-balancedmixture.Thisbookwillfinditswaytoresearchlaboratories,classrooms,companies,and hospitals,whereitwillhelptodisseminatesound,usefulmedicalvisualizationtechnologytosupporttheprocessesofmedicaldiagnosis andtreatmentofnumerouspatientsaroundtheworld. —FRITSH.POST,AssociateProfessorofVisualization,DelftUniversityofTechnology,TheNetherlands Thissignificantbookhelpsfillalong-standinggapintextbooksforstudentsinscientificvisualizationandmedicalimagingasit successfullybridgesthetwodomainswiththoroughexplanations,vividexamples,andusefulreferences.Thevisualizationcommunity is well-served by the authors’ overview of imaging modalities, standard radiological practices, and clinical applications, while the medicalimagingcommunitybenefitsfromacoherentexpositionofcorevisualizationmethodslikeisosurfaceextraction,directvolume rendering,andillustrativerendering.Thesectiononvolumedataexplorationdemonstrateshowvisualizationrequireseffectiveinterfaces andquantitativeinteractionmodestomeetclinicalneeds,andthecoverageofmoreadvancedtopicsexemplifieshowknowledgefromboth thevisualizationandimagingdomainscanbeleveragedandcombinedtocreateinsightformedicaldiagnosis,planning,andeducation. Theauthors’backgrounds,intheintersectionofvisualizationresearchandmedicalimagingapplications,makethemideallysuitedto explainsuchabreadthofmaterialinthisvaluabletext. —DR.GORDONKINDLMANN,BrighamandWomen’sHospital,HarvardMedicalSchool Thistextwillbepopularwithstudentsofmedicalvisualizationdataacquisitionandanalysis.Alotofcareandexperiencehave goneintothebook.Theconsistencyandeffortisimpressive.Idonotknowofacomparablebookinscopeorrelevance.Welldone! —DREWBERRY,TheWalterandElizaHallInstituteofMedicalResearch,Melbourne,Australia Primarilythisisabookforacomputerscientistorengineer,aswellasthetechnicallyinterestedphysician.Acomprehensivebook, providinggroundinginalloftheimportanttechniquescurrentlyavailableforvisualizationinmedicine.Easytoread,timely,current, state-of-the-art,extremelyuseful.Iknowofnoothertextthatpresentsallofthisinformationinoneplace.Thereisnorealcompetitor tothisbook! —ProfessorNIGELW.JOHN,SchoolofComputerScience,UniversityofWales,Bangor Agoodmixoftechnologyandapplications,readerswillfindconceptspresentedclearly,plentifulillustrationsandimages,easyto read.Theauthors’passionandexperienceforthesubjectmattershow. —DR.KLAUSMUELLER,Professor,StonyBrookUniversity(SUNY),NewYork Theauthorshaveaccomplishedthelaudablefeatofnicelystructuringaquitediverseresearchfieldanddeliveringacomprehensive pieceofworkthatmakesaninterestingreadforexpertsfromvaryingareasofexpertise.Thebookwillbeanauthorativeguideto medicalvisualizationforyearstocome. —fromtheforewordbyDR.EDUARDGRO¨LLER,Professor,ViennaUniversityofTechnology THE MORGAN KAUFMANN SERIES IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS VisualizationinMedicine GeometricToolsforComputerGraphics WarpingandMorphingofGraphicalObjects BERNHARDPREIMandDIRKBARTZ PHILIPSCHNEIDERandDAVIDH.EBERLY JONASGOMES,LUCIADARSA,BRUNOCOSTA, GeometricAlgebraforComputerScience:As UnderstandingVirtualReality:Interface, andLUIZVELHO Object-orientedApproachtoGeometry Application,andDesignWILLIAM JimBlinn’sCorner:DirtyPixels LEO DORST, DANIEL FONTIJNE, STEPHEN B.SHERMANandALANR.CRAIG JIMBLINN MANN Jim Blinn’s Corner: Notation, Notation, RenderingwithRadiance:The Notation ArtandScienceofLightingVisualization Point-BasedGraphics MARKUS GROSS and HANSPETER PFISTER, JIMBLINN GREGWARDLARSONandROB Editors LevelofDetailfor3DGraphics SHAKESPEARE DAVIDLUEBKE,MARTINREDDY, IntroductiontoImplicitSurfaces HighDynamicRangeImaging:DataAcqui- JONATHAND.COHEN,AMITABH EditedbyJULESBLOOMENTHAL sition,Manipulation,andDisplay VARSHNEY,BENJAMINWATSON,and JimBlinn’sCorner:A ERIK REINHARD, GREG WARD, SUMANTA ROBERTHUEBNER TripDowntheGraphicsPipeline PATTANAIK,andPAULDEBEVEC Pyramid Algorithms: A Dynamic Program- JIMBLINN CompleteMayaProgrammingVolumeII: ming Approach to Curves and Surfaces for InteractiveCurvesandSurfaces: AnIn-depthGuideto3DFundamentals, GeometricModeling AMultimediaTutorialonCAGD Geometry,andModeling RONGOLDMAN ALYNROCKWOODandPETERCHAMBERS DAVIDA.D.GOULD Non-PhotorealisticComputerGraphics: WaveletsforComputerGraphics:Theory MELScriptingforMayaAnimators,Second Modeling,Rendering,andAnimation andApplications Edition MARK R. WILKINS and CHRIS THOMASSTROTHOTTEandSTEFAN ERICJ.STOLLNITZ,TONYD.DEROSE,and KAZMIER SCHLECHTWEG DAVIDH.SALESIN Advanced Graphics Programming Using Curves and Surfaces for CAGD: A Practical PrinciplesofDigitalImageSynthesis OpenGL Guide,FifthEdition ANDREWS.GLASSNER TOMMCREYNOLDSandDAVIDBLYTHE GERALDFARIN Radiosity&GlobalIllumination Digital Geometry Geometric Methods for SubdivisionMethodsforGeometricDesign: FRANÇOISX.SILLIONandCLAUDEPUECH AConstructiveApproach DigitalPictureAnalysisREINHARD Knotty:AB-SplineVisualizationProgram KLETTEandAZRIELROSENFELD JOEWARRENandHENRIKWEIMER JONATHANYEN ComputerAnimation:Algorithmsand UserInterfaceManagementSystems: DigitalVideoandHDTVAlgorithmsand TechniquesRICKPARENT ModelsandAlgorithms InterfacesCHARLESPOYNTON The Computer Animator’s Technical Hand- DANR.OLSEN,Jr. Real-TimeShaderProgramming book MakingThemMove:Mechanics,Control,and RONFOSNER LYNNPOCOCKandJUDSONROSEBUSH AnimationofArticulatedFigures CompleteMayaProgramming:An AdvancedRenderMan:Creating Edited by NORMAN I. BADLER, BRIAN ExtensiveGuidetoMELandtheC++API CGIforMotionPicturesANTHONY A.BARSKY,andDAVIDZELTZER DAVIDA.D.GOULD A.APODACAandLARRYGRITZ GeometricandSolidModeling:AnIntroduc- Texturing&Modeling:AProcedural CurvesandSurfacesinGeometricModeling: tion Approach,ThirdEdition TheoryandAlgorithms CHRISTOPHM.HOFFMANN DAVIDS.EBERT, JEANGALLIER An Introduction to Splines for Use in Com- F.KENTONMUSGRAVE,DARWYN AndrewGlassner’sNotebook:Recreational puterGraphicsandGeometricModeling PEACHEY,KENPERLIN,andSTEVEN ComputerGraphicsANDREW RICHARDH.BARTELS,JOHNC.BEATTY,and WORLEY S.GLASSNER BRIANA.BARSKY VISUALIZATION IN MEDICINE Thispageintentionallyleftblank THE MORGAN KAUFMANN SERIES IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS VISUALIZATION IN MEDICINE THEORY, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS BERNHARD PREIM DIRK BARTZ AMSTERDAM(cid:127)BOSTON(cid:127)HEIDELBERG(cid:127)LONDON NEWYORK(cid:127)OXFORD(cid:127)PARIS(cid:127)SANDIEGO SANFRANCISCO(cid:127)SINGAPORE(cid:127)SYDNEY(cid:127)TOKYO MorganKaufmannPublishersisanimprintofElsevier PublishingDirector:DeniseE.M.Penrose AcquisitionsEditor:TiffanyGasbarrini PublishingServicesManager:GeorgeMorrison SeniorProductionEditor:PaulGottehrer AssistantEditor:MicheleCronin MarketingManager:MistyBergeron Out-SourceManagement:MultisciencePress,Inc. 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Thispageintentionallyleftblank BERNHARD PREIMisProfessorofVisualizationatthecomputersciencedepartmentattheOtto-von-Guericke-Universityof Magdeburg,whereheleadsaresearchgroupfocusedonmedicalvisualizationanditsapplicationindiagnosis,surgicalplanningand education.HeisalsoavisitingprofessoratMeVisResearch.HesitsonthescientificadvisoryboardsoftheInternationalCompetence CenteronComputer-AssistedSurgery(ICCAS),theGermanSocietyforComputerandRobot-assistedSurgery(CURAC)andheis speakeroftheworkinggroupMedicalVisualizationintheGermanSocietyforComputerScience.HeismemberoftheACMand theGermanChapteroftheACM. DIRK BARTZisProfessorforComputer-AssistedSurgeryattheUniversityofLeipzig.Previously,hewasheadoftheresearch grouponVisualComputingforMedicineoftheUniversityofTu¨bingen.HewasmemberoftheexecutivecommitteeoftheIEEE VisualizationandGraphicsTechnicalCommittee(VGTC),isspeakeroftheEurographicsWorkingGrouponParallelGraphics,and founding/steeringmemberoftheGesellschaftfu¨rInformatikworkinggroupsonMedicalVisualizationandDataVisualization.His mainresearchinterestsareinvisualmedicineandmedicalimaging,medicalmixedreality,visualizationoflargedatasets,man- machineinterfaces,parallel/gridcomputing,anddatavisualization.HereceivedtheNDIYoungInvestigatorAwardforhisworkin virtualendoscopyandintra-operativenavigation.