the publisher and the university of california press foundation gratefully acknowledge the generous support of the joan palevsky imprint in classical literature. in addition, this book has been made possible by support from the jane k. sather professorship in classical literature fund. sather classcial lectures Volume Seventy-Three Visual Power in Ancient Greece and Rome VISUAL POWER IN ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME VISUAL POWER IN ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME Between Art and Social Reality Tonio Hölscher UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activi- ties are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Oakland, California © 2018 by The Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Hölscher, Tonio, author. Title: Visual power in ancient Greece and Rome : between art and social reality / Tonio Hölscher. Description: Oakland, California : University of California Press, [2018] | Series: Sather classcial lectures ; 73 | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Identifi ers: lccn 2017045451 (print) | lccn 2017051331 (ebook) | isbn 9780520967885 () | isbn 9780520294936 (cloth : alk. paper) | isbn 9780520294943 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: lcsh: Greece—Social life and customs. | Rome—Social life and customs. | Visual perception—Social aspects—Greece—History. | Visual perception—Social aspects—Rome—History. | Vision—Social aspects— Greece—History. | Vision—Social aspects—Rome—History. Classifi cation: lcc df78 (ebook) | lcc df78 .h69 2018 (print) | ddc 938—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017045451 Manufactured in the United States of America 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS List of Illustrations • vii Periods of Greek and Roman History • xv Acknowledgments • xvii Introduction. Visuality and Viewing in Ancient Greece and Rome • 1 1. Space, Action, and Images • 15 2. Time, Memory, and Images • 95 3. Person, Identity, and Images • 151 4. The Dignity of Reality • 203 5. Representation • 253 6. Decor • 299 Notes • 335 General Index • 383 Index of Names • 387 Index of Sites and Museums • 391