Visual Basic 6.0 - Tutoriali.org

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Microsoft
Visual
Basic 6.0
Vodi~ za programere
Microsoft Press
MMiiccrroossooffttfifiVViissuuaall BBaassiicc 66..00 pprrooggrraammeerr(cid:146)(cid:146)ss GGuuiiddee
Authorized translation from the English language edition published by
Microsoft Press.
Copyright ' 1998 by Microsoft Corporation
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or by any informaton storage
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher.
Croatian language edition published by Strijelac d.o.o.
Copyright ' 1999
Preveo s engleskoga:Dioniz Daubachy
Izdava~:
(cid:132)Strijelac(cid:147) Zagreb
Urednik:
Goran Jedna~ak
Lektura i korektura:
Rada Fedor
Priprema za tisak:
Grafi~ki studio (cid:132)MI[(cid:147)
Tisak:
Tiskara Express digitalni tisak d.o.o., Rijeka
CIP (cid:150) Katalogizacija u publikaciji
Nacionalna i sveu~ili{na knji‘nica, Zagreb
UDK 004.430 Visual Basic 6.0
Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 Vodi~ za programere /<preveo s engleskoga Dioniz Daubachy;
urednik Goran Jedna~ak>.(cid:150) Zagreb: Strijelac, 1999.
960 str.: ilustr.; 23 cm.
Prijevod djela: Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 Programmer(cid:146)s Guide (cid:150) Kazalo.
ISBN 953-210-004-0
990920071
Copyright 'za hrvatsko izdanje STRIJELAC, Zagreb, 1999.
Sva prava pridr‘ana. Niti jedan dio knjige nije dozvoljeno upotrebljavati ili reproducirati u bilo kojem
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Sadr‘aj
Uobi~ajeni na~ini ispisa........................................................................................................ xi
Vodi~ za programere ........................................................................................................... xv
1. DIO Temelji Visual Basica.....................................................................................................1
1. POGLAVLJE Uvod u Visual Basic................................................................................... 3
Dobro do{li u Visual Basic................................................................................................................................3
Instaliranje Visual Basica..................................................................................................................................5
Dobivanje pomo}i tijekom rada........................................................................................................................7
2. POGLAVLJE Razvijanje aplikacije u Visual Basicu...................................................... 11
Pojmovi Visual Basica.....................................................................................................................................11
Elementi ugra|ene razvojne okoline...............................................................................................................13
Va{a prva Visual Basic aplikacija...................................................................................................................18
3. POGLAVLJE Forme, kontrole i izbornici....................................................................... 31
Tuma~enje svojstava, postupaka i doga|aja...................................................................................................32
Oblikovanje forme...........................................................................................................................................33
Pokretanje akcija klikom na gumb..................................................................................................................36
Kontrole za prikaz i unos teksta......................................................................................................................37
Kontrole za prikaz slika i grafike....................................................................................................................50
Dodatne kontrole.............................................................................................................................................56
Razumijevanje fokusa.....................................................................................................................................57
Postavljanje tabularnog reda...........................................................................................................................59
Osnove izbornika.............................................................................................................................................60
Upit korisniku dijalo{kim okvirom.................................................................................................................63
4. POGLAVLJE Upravljanje projektima............................................................................. 65
Rad s projektima.............................................................................................................................................65
Sastav projekta u Visual Basicu......................................................................................................................67
Stvaranje, otvaranje i spremanje projekata.....................................................................................................70
Dodavanje, micanje i spremanje datoteka.......................................................................................................71
Vodi~ za programere iii
Sadr‘aj
Dodavanje kontrola u projekt..........................................................................................................................72
Izrada i pokretanje izvr{ne datoteke................................................................................................................76
Postavljenje mogu}nosti projekta...................................................................................................................77
Kori{tenje ~arobnjaka i dodataka....................................................................................................................77
5. POGLAVLJE Osnove programiranja.............................................................................. 79
Struktura aplikacije Visual Basica..................................................................................................................80
Prije programiranja..........................................................................................................................................82
Na~in pisanje koda..........................................................................................................................................84
Uvod u varijable, konstante i tipove podataka................................................................................................92
Uvod u potprograme.....................................................................................................................................120
Uvod u strukturu kontrala.............................................................................................................................131
Rad s objektima.............................................................................................................................................139
2. DIO [to mo‘ete napraviti s Visual Basicom................................................................ 159
6. POGLAVLJE Stvaranje korisni~kog su~elja................................................................ 161
Stilovi su~elja................................................................................................................................................162
Aplikacije s vi{e dokumenata (MDI)............................................................................................................164
Vi{e o formama.............................................................................................................................................173
Kori{tenje izbornika u va{oj aplikaciji..........................................................................................................175
Alatne trake...................................................................................................................................................192
Dijalo{ki okviri..............................................................................................................................................195
Oblikovanje za razli~ite tipove prikaza.........................................................................................................204
Oblikovanje s korisnikom na pameti............................................................................................................205
7. POGLAVLJE Kori{tenje standardnih kontrola Visual Basica...................................... 219
Uvod u kontrole Visual Basica......................................................................................................................220
Provjera valjanosti podataka u kontroli ograni~avanjem fokusa..................................................................227
Kori{tenje kontrole ADO podataka...............................................................................................................233
Kori{tenje kontrole kontrolne ku}ice............................................................................................................239
Kori{tenje kontrole kombiniranog okvira.....................................................................................................241
Kori{tenje kontrole naredbenog gumba........................................................................................................246
Kori{tenje kontrole op}eg dijaloga...............................................................................................................248
Kori{tenje kontrole podataka........................................................................................................................257
Kori{tenje kontrola kombiniranog okvira za podatke i okvira s popisom podataka....................................258
Kori{tenje kontrole mre‘e s podacima..........................................................................................................264
Kori{tenje kontrola datote~nog sustava........................................................................................................280
iv Vodi~ za programere
Sadr‘aj
Kori{tenje kontrole okvira.............................................................................................................................289
Kori{tenje kontrole hijerarhijske fleksibilne mre‘e......................................................................................291
Kori{tenje kontrola vodoravne i okomite klizne trake..................................................................................321
Kori{tenje kontrole slike...............................................................................................................................326
Kori{tenje kontrole natpisa...........................................................................................................................329
Kori{tenje kontrole linije...............................................................................................................................330
Kori{tenje kontrole okvira s popisom............................................................................................................332
Kori{tenje kontrole OLE spremnika.............................................................................................................342
Kori{tenje kontrole gumba izbora.................................................................................................................343
Kori{tenje kontrole okvira za sliku...............................................................................................................345
Kori{tenje kontrole udaljenih podataka........................................................................................................348
Kori{tenje kontrole lika.................................................................................................................................350
Kori{tenje kontrole okvira s tekstom............................................................................................................352
Kori{tenje kontrole mjera~a vremena
8. POGLAVLJE Vi{e o programiranju.............................................................................. 359
Rad s vi{e projekata......................................................................................................................................359
Rad s datotekama izvora...............................................................................................................................366
Rad s predlo{cima.........................................................................................................................................368
Rad s prekida~ima naredbene linije..............................................................................................................370
Prevo|enje va{eg projekta u strojni kod.......................................................................................................371
Stvaranje vlastitih tipova podataka...............................................................................................................373
Kori{tenje nabrajanja za rad s nizovima konstanti.......................................................................................377
Kori{tenje zbirki umjesto matrica.................................................................................................................383
9. POGLAVLJE Programiranje objektima........................................................................ 385
[to trebate znati o objektima u Visual Basicu..............................................................................................386
Odgonetavanje objekata................................................................................................................................402
Stvaranje vlastitih klasa.................................................................................................................................409
Dodavanje svojstava i postupaka klasi..........................................................................................................429
Dodavanje doga|aja klasi.............................................................................................................................444
Stvaranje klasa svjesnih podataka.................................................................................................................453
Imenovanje svojstava, postupaka i doga|aja................................................................................................460
Polimorfizam.................................................................................................................................................461
Programiranje va{im vlastitim objektima.....................................................................................................473
Modeli objekata.............................................................................................................................................475
Stvaranje vlastitih klasa zbirki......................................................................................................................480
ActiveX kreatori............................................................................................................................................493
Vodi~ za programere v
10. poglavlje Programiranje sastavnim dijelovima ......................................................... 499
Tipovi ActiveX sastavnih dijelova ...............................................................................................................500
Poslu‘itelji vrste u-procesu i izvan-procesa .................................................................................................501
Rad s ActiveX sastavnim dijelovima ...........................................................................................................502
Stvaranje pokaziva~a na objekt ....................................................................................................................503
Kori{tenje svojstava, postupaka i doga|aja objekta ....................................................................................513
Otpu{tanje ActiveX sastavnog dijela ...........................................................................................................516
Kretanje kroz modele objekata ....................................................................................................................517
Rukovanje pogre{kama tijekom rada u ActiveX sastavnim dijelovima ......................................................521
Rukovanje zahtjevima u tijeku za ActiveX sastavni dio .............................................................................523
Kori{tenje vidljivog su~elja sastavnih dijelova ............................................................................................529
11. POGLAVLJE Odgovaranje na doga|aje mi{a i tipkovnice.......................................... 543
Odgovaranje na doga|aje mi{a ....................................................................................................................544
Otkrivanje tipki mi{a ....................................................................................................................................549
Otkrivanje stanja SHIFT, CTRLi ALT ........................................................................................................555
Povla~enje i ispu{tanje .................................................................................................................................556
Povla~enje i ispu{tanje tipa OLE .................................................................................................................562
Prilago|avanje pokaziva~a mi{a ..................................................................................................................582
Odgovaranje na doga|aje tipkovnice ...........................................................................................................583
Prekidanje pozadinske obrade ......................................................................................................................591
12. POGLAVLJE Rad s tekstom i grafikom ...................................................................... 595
Rad s pismima ..............................................................................................................................................596
Prikazivanje teksta na formama i okvirima za sliku ....................................................................................600
Oblikovanje brojeva, datuma i vremena ......................................................................................................604
Rad s odabranim tekstom .............................................................................................................................606
Preno{enje teksta i grafike s objektom Clipboard .......................................................................................607
Razumijevanje koordinatnog sustava ...........................................................................................................612
Kori{tenje grafi~kih kontrola .......................................................................................................................618
Kori{tenje grafi~kih postupaka ....................................................................................................................634
Rad s bojama ................................................................................................................................................648
Kori{tenje objekta tipa Picture .....................................................................................................................657
Ispis ..............................................................................................................................................................658
13. POGLAVLJE Tra‘enje i obrada pogre{aka ................................................................. 667
Kako rukovati pogre{kama ..........................................................................................................................668
Sadr‘aj
Oblikovanje rukovatelja pogre{kama ...........................................................................................................670
Hijerarhija rukovanja pogre{kama ...............................................................................................................676
Ispitivanje rukovanja pogre{kama stvaranjem pogre{aka ............................................................................679
Ugra|eno rukovanje pogre{kama .................................................................................................................681
Centralizirano rukovanje pogre{kama ..........................................................................................................684
Isklju~ivanje rukovanja pogre{kama ............................................................................................................688
Rukovanje pogre{kama s ActiveX sastavnim dijelovima ............................................................................690
Pristupi otkrivanju pogre{aka .......................................................................................................................693
Izbjegavanje pogre{aka ................................................................................................................................696
Vrijeme izrade, vrijeme izvo|enja i mod prekida ........................................................................................697
Kori{tenje prozora za otkrivanje pogre{aka .................................................................................................699
Kori{tenje moda prekida ..............................................................................................................................701
Izvo|enje odabranih dijelova va{e aplikacije ..............................................................................................711
Nadziranje stoga poziva ...............................................................................................................................714
Ispitivanje podataka i potprograma prozorom za neposredan upis naredbi ................................................716
Razmatranje posebnog otkrivanja pogre{aka ...............................................................................................724
Savjeti za otkrivanje pogre{aka ....................................................................................................................728
14. POGLAVLJE Obrada pogona, mapa i datoteka .......................................................... 731
Uvod u model objekata datote~nog sustava .................................................................................................731
Programiranje u modelu FSO objekata ........................................................................................................733
Obrada datoteka starim naredbama i funkcijama ........................................................................................742
15. POGLAVLJE Oblikovanje u korist izvo|enja i sukladnosti ........................................ 751
Razumijevanje optimizacije .........................................................................................................................752
Optimiziranje brzine .....................................................................................................................................754
Optimiziranje veli~ine ..................................................................................................................................765
Optimiziranje objekata .................................................................................................................................774
Prevedene protiv tuma~enih aplikacija ........................................................................................................777
Sukladnost s ostalim Microsoft aplikacijama ..............................................................................................778
16. POGLAVLJE Me|unarodna izdanja ............................................................................ 781
Definicije me|unarodnog softtvera ..............................................................................................................781
Oblikovanje me|unarodnog softtvera ..........................................................................................................782
Kori{tenje datoteka izvora za lokalizaciju ...................................................................................................785
Oblikovanje me|unarodnog korisni~kog su~elja .........................................................................................788
Op}enita razmi{ljanja za pisanje me|unarodnog koda ................................................................................790
Vodi~ za programere vii
Sadr‘aj
Pisanje me|unarodnog koda u Visual Basicu ..............................................................................................792
Izdanja specifi~na za dvobajtni skup znakova (DBCS) ...............................................................................801
Dvosmjerne osobine Visual Basica ..............................................................................................................810
17. POGLAVLJE Distribuiranje va{ih aplikacija .............................................................. 811
^arobnjak za pakiranje i raspore|ivanje ......................................................................................................812
Pakiranje aplikacije sa ~arobnjakom ............................................................................................................816
Raspore|ivanje aplikacije s ~arobnjakom ....................................................................................................825
Upravljanje skriptama ~arobnjaka ................................................................................................................827
Alat za pode{avanje ......................................................................................................................................828
Ru~no editiranje datoteke Setup.lst ..............................................................................................................834
Ru~no stvaranje medija distribucije .............................................................................................................840
Kori{tenje ~arobnjaka za pakiranje i raspore|ivanje s alatom za pode{avanje ...........................................842
Ispitivanje va{eg programa pode{avanja ......................................................................................................843
Omogu}avanje korisniku da ukloni va{u aplikaciju ....................................................................................844
Raspore|ivanje lokaliziranih ActiveX kontrola ...........................................................................................846
DODATAK A Specifikacije, ograni~enja i vrste datoteka Visual Basica ................... 847
Sistemski zahtjevi za aplikacije Visual Basica ............................................................................................847
Ograni~enja projekta ....................................................................................................................................848
Oblici datoteka projekta ...............................................................................................................................852
Gra|a forme .................................................................................................................................................854
DODATAK B Pravila programiranja Visual Basica ..................................................... 869
Za{to pravila programiranja? .......................................................................................................................869
Pravila imenovanja objekata ........................................................................................................................870
Pravila imenovanja konstanti i varijabli ......................................................................................................874
Pravila strukturiranog programiranja ...........................................................................................................877
DODATAK C Opcije prevoditelja u strojni kod ........................................................... 881
Optimiziranje za brzi kod .............................................................................................................................882
Optimiziranje za mali kod ............................................................................................................................882
Bez optimizacije ...........................................................................................................................................882
Podr{ka Pentiumu Pro ..................................................................................................................................882
Stvaranje simboli~kih informacija za otkrivanje pogre{aka ........................................................................883
Prihva}anje bez pseudonima ........................................................................................................................883
Uklanjanje provjere granica matrica ............................................................................................................883
Uklanjanje provjere prekora~enja cijelih brojeva ........................................................................................884
viii Vodi~ za programere
Sadr‘aj
Uklanjanje provjere pogre{ke s pomi~nim zarezom ....................................................................................884
Uklanjanje provjere sigurnog dijeljenja s Pentiumom .................................................................................884
Omogu}avanje nezaokru‘enih operacija s pomi~nim zarezom ...................................................................885
DODATAK D Dodavanje pomo}i va{oj aplikaciji ....................................................... 887
Dodavanje podr{ke za pomo} ......................................................................................................................887
Dodavanje podr{ke za pomo} What(cid:146)s This ..................................................................................................889
Distribuiranje pomo}i s va{om aplikacijom ................................................................................................890
Kazalo................................................................................................................................. 891
Vodi~ za programere ix