Vision: The Approach of Biophysics and Neurosciences : Proceedings of the International School of Biophysics Casamicciola, Napoli, Italy, 11-16 October ... on Biophysics and Biocybernetics) (v. 11)

510 Pages·2001·27.45 MB·English

by  Carlo Musio

ISTITUTO ITALIANO PER GLI STUDI FILOSOFICI
RIES ON BIOPHYSICS AND BIOCYBERNETI
)RDINATING EDITOl
Vol. 11 - Biophysics
Vision
e Approach o
Biophysics and Neurosciences
Edite
C. Musio
World Scientific
Vision
The Approach of
Biophysics and Neurosciences
Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosoflci
Series on Biophysics and Biocybernetics
Coordinating Editor: Cloe Taddei-Ferretti
Vol. 1: Biophysics of Photoreception: Molecular and Phototransductive Events
edited by: C. Taddei-Ferretti
Vol. 2: Biocybernetics of Vision: Integrative Mechanisms and Cognitive Processes
edited by: C. Taddei-Ferretti
Vol. 3: High-Dilution Effects on Cells and Integrated Systems
edited by: C. Taddei-Ferretti and P. Marotta
Vol. 4: Macromolecular Interplay in Brain Associative Mechanisms
edited by: A. Neugebauer
Vol. 5: From Structure to Information in Sensory Systems
edited by: C. Taddei-Ferretti and C. Musio
Vol. 6: Downward Processes in the Perception Representation Mechanisms
edited by: C. Taddei-Ferretti and C. Musio
Vol. 7: Chaos and Noise in Biology and Medicine
edited by: M. Barbi and S. Chillemi
Vol. 8: Neuronal Bases and Psychological Aspects of Consciousness
edited by: C. Taddei-Ferretti and C. Musio
Forthcoming volumes:
Vol. 9: Neuronal Coding of Perceptual Systems
edited by: W. Backhaus
Vol. 10: Emotions, Qualia, Consciousness
edited by: A. Kaszniak
Vol. 12: Memory and Emotions
edited by:P. Calabrese and A. Neugebauer
ISTITUTO ITALIANO PER GLI STUDI FILOSOFICI
SERIES ON BIOPHYSICS AND BIOCYBERNETICS
Vol. 11 - Biophysics
Vision
The Approach of
Biophysics and Neurosciences
Proceedings of the International School of Biophysics
Casamicciola, Napoli, Italy, 11-16 October 1999
Edited by
C. Musio
Istituto di Cibernetica, CNR, Arco Felice, Napoli, Italy
V fe World Scientific
wfe SSiinnggaappoorree* • N Neeww JJeerrsseevyL • London • Hong Kong
Published by
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
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VISION
The Approach of Biophysics and Neurosciences
Copyright © 2001 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means,
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ISBN 981-02-4647-1
Printed in Singapore by UtoPrint
V
PREFACE
This is the eleventh volume of the Series on Biophysics and Biocybernetics
promoted by the Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici.
It appears as the Proceedings of the sixth Course of the International School
of Biophysics entitled "Vision: The Approach of Biophysics and Neurosciences",
which was inaugurated at the site of the Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici,
Palazzo Serra di Cassano, Naples, Italy, and was held at Casamicciola on the isle
of Ischia, Italy, on October 11-16, 1999, under the direction of this volume's
Editor.
The School is promoted and supported by the Istituto Italiano per gli Studi
Filosofici, while the organization of the Course was carried on by the Istituto di
Cibernetica of the Italian National Research Council (CNR), Arco Felice, Naples,
Italy, under the auspices of the Italian Society of Pure and Applied Biophysics
(SIBPA).
The Course sessions covered all latest aspects of vision, ranging from the
"Molecular Level" to the "Computational and Cognitive Level" through the
"Cellular Level" and the "Integrative Level".
Vision, in a general meaning, is conceivably the key-sense in both animal and
vegetal kingdom. The research in this field is providing impressive results thanks
to fast-growing theoretical and methodological advances. Overall, the approach of
biophysics and neurosciences has proved to be greatly advantageous and of
considerable heuristic value. In this direction, the present book provides an
outline of most recent acquisitions reached in these fields. Visual mechanisms and
processes are analysed and understood at several levels (molecular, cellular,
integrative, computational and cognitive ones) through different theoretical tools
and experimental methods applied to different living models (from protists to
humans, via invertebrates and lower vertebrates).
I would like to thank the members of the Course Advisory Board for their
fruitful advices and suggestions, as well as for their helpful cooperation also as
reviewers of the participants' communication papers: J.E. Dowling (USA), A.
Fiorentini (I), H.J. Karten (USA), L. Lagnado (UK), S.B. Laughlin (UK), C.
Taddei-Ferretti (I).
I would also acknowledge the partial financial support of the Italian Society
of Pure and Applied Biophysics (SIBPA) and of Eliografia Maria, Pozzuoli (NA),
Italy. The precious help of the Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici has
provided several deserving participants, especially those coming from needy
countries, with substantial grants to attend the Course.
I wish to thank all scientists who agreed to lecture and contributed to the
Course with their discussions: they favoured, toghether with all participants, a
charming and friendly atmosphere in a highly stimulating scientific milieu.
vi
Finally, I am grateful to the members of the local organizing committee, A.
Cotugno, S. Santillo of the Istituto di Cibernetica, CNR, and the administrative
advisor S. Aprile of the Istituto Italiano per gli Studi Filosofici; without their work
the Course could not have been realized, nor its cordial atmosphere obtained. The
precious and patient work together of S. Santillo in the preparation of this book is
warmly acknowledged too.
Last but not least, I wish to express my gratitude to C. Taddei-Ferretti, the
permanent director of the International Schools of Biophysics and Biocybernetics,
who charged me with this demanding nevertheless honourable committment.
The beauty of the isle of Ischia and the courtesy of the staff of the Hotel Gran
Paradiso at Casamicciola, where the Course was held, completed the pleasantness
of the environment.
Carlo Musio
VII
CONTENTS
Preface
INTRODUCTORY LECTURE
The Optics of Animal Eyes
M. F. Land (Brighton, United Kingdom)
MOLECULAR LEVEL
Rhodopsin-like Proteins: The Universal and Probably Unique
Proteins for Vision 23
P. Gualtieri (Pisa, Italy)
Photoreception Before Men 31
P. Gualtieri (Pisa, Italy)
The Molecular Design of a Visual Cascade: Molecular Stages of
Phototransduction in Dwsophila 41
R. Paulsen, M. Bdhner, A. Huber, M. Schillo, S. Schulz,
R. Wottrich and J. Bentrop (Karlsruhe, Germany)
The Molecular Design of a Visual Cascade: Assembly of the Dwsophila
Phototransduction Pathway into a Supramolecular Signaling Complex 60
R. Paulsen, M. Bdhner, J. Bentrop, M. Schillo, S. Schulz and
A. Huber (Karlsruhe, Germany)
Molecular Changes During Primary Visual Pathway Development 74
K. L. Moya, A. W. Lyckman and A. Confaloni
(Orsay, France, Cambridge, MA, USA and Rome, Italy)
Metabolism of a Synaptic Protein in Mature Retinal Terminals In Vivo:
Implications for Alzheimer's Disease 89
K. L. Moya, A. W. Lyckman and A. Confaloni
(Orsay, France, Cambridge, MA, USA and Rome, Italy)
VIII
Site Directed Mutagenesis of Phosphorylation Sites in the C-terminal
Region of Drosophila RH1 Opsin 101
G. Neu, J. Bentrop, K. Schwab and R. Paulsen (Karlsruhe, Germany)
Isolation of Novel Eye-specifically Expressed Genes by Differential
Hybridization of a Retinal cDNA Library of Calliphora vicina 107
S. Schulz, A. Huber, P. Sander and R. Paulsen (Karlsruhe, Germany)
CELLULAR LEVEL
What Do Butterflies "See" with Their Genitalia? Biological Function of
the Genital Photoreceptors of the Swallowtail Butterfly, Papilio xuthus 119
K. Arikawa (Yokohama, Japan)
Color Vision and Retinal Randomness of the Japanese Yellow Swallowtail
Butterfly, Papilio xuthus 131
K. Arikawa, M. Kinoshita, J. Kitamoto andD. G. Stavenga
(Yokohama, Japan and Groningen, The Netherlands)
Patch-clamping Solitary Visual Cells to Understand the Cellular
Mechanisms of Invertebrate Phototransduction 145
C. Musio (Arco Felice, NA, Italy)
Phototransduction in a Depolarizing Photoreceptor of Vertebrates 165
W.-H. Xiong, J. T. Finn, E. Solessio and K.-W. Yau
(Baltimore, MD, Stanford, CA and New York, NY, USA)
Phototransduction in Retinal Rods and Cones 172
Y. Koutalos, K Nakatani, W.-H. Xiong and K.-W. Yau
(Baltimore, MD, Denver, CO, USA and Tsukuba, Japan)
Formation of "ON" and "OFF" Ganglion Cell Mosaics 184
L. M. Chalupa (Davis, CA, USA)
Developmental Specificity of Retinal Projections in the Prenatal Monkey 194
L. M. Chalupa (Davis, CA, USA)
Hyperpolarizing vs Depolarizing Photoreceptors: Implications for the
Length of the Light Sensitive Region and for the Conductance of the
Photosensitive Channels 206
J.-P. Raynauld (Montreal, Canada)
Subcellular Localization of InsP Receptor-like Immunoreactivity in
3
Invertebrate Microvillar Photoreceptors 211
K. Ukhanov, R. Payne and B. Walz
(Potsdam, Germany and College Park, MD, USA)
Light Adaptive Effect of Nitric Oxide on Cone Plasticity in Fish and
Amphibian Retinae 217
A. R. Angotzi, J- Hirano, S. Vallerga and M. Djamgoz
(Oristano, Italy and London, United Kingdom)
Possible Relationships Between the Shaping of Asymmetrical Projections
of the Frontal Organ with Asymmetrical Habenular Activity During the
Frog Brain Development 222
V. Guglielmotti (Arco Felice, NA, Italy)
Effect of Photic Stimulation and Photodeprivation in the Taurine Content
in Discrete Brain Regions and Retina 229
V. V. Subbarao and D. Rao
(Khammam, Andhra Pradesh, India and Indianapolis, IN, USA)
INTEGRATIVE LEVEL
The Roles of Eye Movements in Animals 237
M. F Land (Brighton, United Kingdom)
Endogenous Nitric Oxide Modulates Signal Transmission from
Photoreceptors to On-center Bipolar Cells in the Rabbit Retina 252
B. Lei and I. Perlman (Michigan, CO, USA and Haifa, Israel)
Colour Matching in Red/Green Chromaticity Type Horizontal Cells
of the Turtle Retina 268
H. Asi, A. Itzhaki and I. Perlman (Haifa, Israel)