Viruses, Vaccines, and Antivirals: Why Politics Matters PDF
Preview Viruses, Vaccines, and Antivirals: Why Politics Matters
Raj Chari and Isabel Rozas Viruses, Vaccines, and Antivirals: Why Politics Matters Viral Politics Series Editors Raj Chari, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Isabel Rozas, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Advisory Board Patrick Bernhagen, University of Stuttgart, Germany Andrea Brancale, Cardiff University, UK Macartan Humphreys, Columbia University, USA Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova, University of Kentucky, USA Tanusree Jain, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Robert Klemmensen, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark Beth Leech, Rutgers University, USA Marie Migaud, University of South Alabama, USA Rickard Sandell, Universidad Carlos III, Spain Laura Sudulich, University of Essex, UK Donald Weaver, University of Toronto, Canada Volume 1 Raj Chari and Isabel Rozas Viruses, Vaccines, and Antivirals: Why Politics Matters ISBN (Paperback) 978-3-11-076484-0 ISBN (Hardcover) 978-3-11-074358-6 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-074360-9 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-074372-2 ISSN 2747-6863 e-ISSN 2747-6871 Library of Congress Control Number: 2021943984 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Cover image: CROCOTHERY / iStock / Getty Images Plus Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com For Celia Chari Rozas Acknowledgements This book would not have been possible without the excellent research assis- tance performed by an amazing group of young scholars who form part of the Viral-Politics project (www.viral-politics.com): Clare Elwell, Laura Grindle, Xenia Kadar, Daire McCutcheon, Jack O’Neill, Alannah Owens, Adeyemi Rah- man, Lily Rice, and Liam Smith. We are indebted to Tony Mason, Gerhard Boomgaarden, Michaela Göbels and all the team in De Gruyter for their insights, enthusiasm and encourage- ment.We are also grateful to the three anonymous reviewers for their excellent suggestions. Finally,we thank José Elguero for fantastic observations and Arlene Healy for kindly ensuring access to resources through the Library at Trinity College Dublin. RC & IR, Dublin, July 2021 https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110743609-001 Contents List of figures VII List of graphs IX Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Viruses, antivirals and vaccines 3 So … What is a virus? 3 A bit of nomenclature 5 Previous pandemics 8 Present pandemic: coronaviruses, viral replication and SARS-CoV-2 variants 12 SARS-CoV-2 detection 18 COVID-19, the disease 19 Treating COVID-19 infections: drug development 22 Treating COVID-19 infections: antiviral drugs 25 Treating COVID-19 infections: biologic therapies 28 A word on COVID-19 clinical trials 30 Preventing COVID-19 infections: vaccines 31 Conclusions 37 Chapter 3 Conceptualizing the four phases of a state’s public policy responses during a pandemic: anticipating, containing, controlling and opening-up 38 Introduction 38 Modern states, the WHO, and need for policy guidance 39 The typology: conceptualizing public policy responses in a pandemic 42 Phase 1: Anticipating and early virus detection 44 Phase 2: Policies to contain the virus 48 Phase 3: Policies to control and mitigate the spread of the virus 54 Phase 4: Policies aimed at opening up society and eradicating the virus 60 Synthesizing the phases – the typology 67 VI Contents Limitations of the typology 69 Conclusions 70 Chapter 4 Demonstrating the strength of the typology: examining key countries globally 72 Justifying the countries examined 72 Methods of analysis 76 Presentation of findings and visualization of an ideal scenario 77 New Zealand: keeping the virus at bay 79 Europe: comparing Ireland and Germany 84 Canada and the US: very different neighbours 94 India, South Africa, and Chile: the large waves 101 Comparatively analyzing the vaccination rollout 108 Conclusions 111 Chapter 5 Conclusions 113 Appendix A Supplemental information on methods of analysis 117 Phase 1: Anticipating and early detection 117 Phase 2: Strategies to contain the virus 118 Phase 3: Policies to control and mitigate the virus 118 Phase 4: Opening up and eradicating the virus 119 Bibliography 120
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