Virology: Principles and Applications

513 Pages·2013·0.28 MB·English

by  Carter

Contents
Preface to Second Edition
Preface to First Edition
Abbreviations Used in This Book
Greek Letters Used in This Book
Color Coding for Molecules
Chapter 1: Viruses and Their Importance
1.1 Viruses are Ubiquitous on Earth
1.2 Reasons for Studying Viruses
1.3 The Nature of Viruses
1.4 The Remainder of the Book
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 2: Methods Used in Virology
2.1 Introduction to Methods Used in Virology
2.2 Cultivation of Viruses
2.3 Isolation of Viruses
2.4 Centrifugation
2.5 Structural Investigations of Cells and Virions
2.6 Electrophoretic Techniques
2.7 Detection of Viruses and Virus Components
2.8 Infectivity Assays
2.9 Virus Genetics
2.10 Investigation of Protein–Protein Interactions
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 3: Virus Structure
3.1 Introduction to Virus Structure
3.2 Virus Genomes
3.3 Virus Proteins
3.4 Capsids
3.5 Virion Membranes
3.6 Occlusion Bodies
3.7 Other Virion Components
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 4: Virus Transmission
4.1 Introduction to Virus Transmission
4.2 Transmission of Plant Viruses
4.3 Transmission of Vertebrate Viruses
4.4 Transmission of Invertebrate Viruses
4.5 Permissive Cells
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 5: Attachment and Entry of Viruses into Cells
5.1 Overview of Virus Replication
5.2 Animal Viruses
5.3 Bacteriophages
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 6: Transcription, Translation, and Transport
6.1 Introduction to Transcription, Translation, and Transport
6.2 Transcription of Virus Genomes
6.3 Transcription in Eukaryotes
6.4 Translation in Eukaryotes
6.5 Transport of Molecules in Eukaryotic Cells
6.6 Transcription and Translation in Bacteria
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 7: Virus Genome Replication
7.1 Overview of Virus Genome Replication
7.2 Locations of Virus Genome Replication in Eukaryotic Cells
7.3 Initiation of Genome Replication
7.4 Polymerases
7.5 DNA Replication
7.6 Double-Stranded RNA Replication
7.7 Single-Stranded RNA Replication
7.8 Reverse Transcription
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 8: Assembly and Exit of Virions from Cells
8.1 Introduction to Assembly and Exit of Virions from Cells
8.2 Nucleocapsid Assembly
8.3 Formation of Virion Membranes
8.4 Virion Exit From the Infected Cell
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 9: Outcomes of Infection for the Host
9.1 Introduction to Outcomes of Infection for the Host
9.2 Factors Affecting Outcomes of Infection
9.3 Non-Productive Infections
9.4 Productive Infections
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 10: Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses
10.1 History of Virus Classification and Nomenclature
10.2 Modern Virus Classification and Nomenclature
10.3 Baltimore Classification of Viruses
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 11: Herpesviruses (and Other dsDNA Viruses)
11.1 Introduction to Herpesviruses
11.2 The Human Herpesviruses
11.3 The Herpesvirus Virion
11.4 HSV-1 Genome Organization
11.5 HSV-1 Replication
11.6 Latent Herpesvirus Infection
11.7 Other dsDNA Viruses
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 12: Parvoviruses (and Other ssDNA Viruses)
12.1 Introduction to Parvoviruses
12.2 Examples of Parvoviruses
12.3 Parvovirus Virion
12.4 Parvovirus Replication
12.5 Other ssDNA Viruses
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 13: Reoviruses (and Other dsRNA Viruses)
13.1 Introduction to Reoviruses
13.2 Rotavirus Virion
13.3 Rotavirus Replication
13.4 Other dsRNA Viruses
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 14: Picornaviruses (and Other Plus-Strand RNA Viruses)
14.1 Introduction to Picornaviruses
14.2 Some Important Picornaviruses
14.3 Picornavirus Virion
14.4 Picornavirus Replication
14.5 Picornavirus Recombination
14.6 Picornavirus Experimental Systems
14.7 Other Plus-Strand RNA Viruses
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 15: Rhabdoviruses (and Other Minus-Strand RNA Viruses)
15.1 Introduction to Rhabdoviruses
15.2 Some Important Rhabdoviruses
15.3 The Rhabdovirus Virion and Genome Organization
15.4 Rhabdovirus Replication
15.5 Other Minus-Strand RNA Viruses and Viruses with Ambisense Genomes
15.6 Reverse Genetics
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 16: Influenza Virus
16.1 Introduction to Influenza Viruses
16.2 The Influenza Virion
16.3 Influenza A Virus Replication
16.4 Importance of Influenza Viruses
16.5 Reverse Genetics
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 17: Retroviruses
17.1 Introduction to Retroviruses
17.2 Retrovirus Virion
17.3 Retrovirus Replication
17.4 Examples of Retroviruses
17.5 Retroviruses as Gene Vectors
17.6 Endogenous Retroviruses
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 18: Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
18.1 Introduction to HIV
18.2 HIV Virion
18.3 HIV Genome
18.4 HIV-1 Replication
18.5 HIV-1 Variability
18.6 Progression of HIV Infection
18.7 Prevention of HIV Transmission
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 19: Hepadnaviruses (and Other Reverse-Transcribing DNA Viruses)
19.1 Introduction to Hepadnaviruses
19.2 Importance of HBV
19.3 HBV Virion
19.4 Non-Infectious Particles
19.5 Soluble Virus Protein
19.6 HBV Genome
19.7 HBV Genetic Groups
19.8 HBV Replication
19.9 Prevention and Treatment of HBV Infection
19.10 Other Reverse-Transcribing DNA Viruses
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 20: Bacterial Viruses
20.1 Introduction to Bacterial Viruses (Bacteriophages)
20.2 Single-Stranded RNA Phages
20.3 Double-Stranded RNA Phages
20.4 Single-Stranded DNA Phages
20.5 Double-Stranded DNA Phages
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 21: Origins and Evolution of Viruses
21.1 Introduction to Origins and Evolution of Viruses
21.2 Origins of Viruses
21.3 Evolution of Viruses
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 22: Emerging Viruses
22.1 Introduction to Emerging Viruses
22.2 Viruses in New Host Species
22.3 Viruses in New Areas
22.4 Viruses in New Host Species and in New Areas
22.5 New viruses
22.6 Recently Discovered Viruses
22.7 Re-Emerging Viruses
22.8 Virus Surveillance
22.9 Dealing with Outbreaks
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 23: Viruses and Cancer
23.1 Introduction to Viruses and Cancer
23.2 Papillomavirus-Linked Cancers
23.3 Polyomavirus-Linked Cancers
23.4 Epstein–Barr Virus-Linked Cancers
23.5 Kaposi’s Sarcoma
23.6 Adult T Cell Leukemia
23.7 Hepatocellular Carcinoma
23.8 Virus-Associated Cancers in Animals
23.9 Cell Lines Derived From Virus-Associated Cancers
23.10 How Do Viruses Cause Cancer?
23.11 Prevention of Virus-Induced Cancers
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 24: Survival of Infectivity
24.1 Preservation of Virus Infectivity
24.2 Destruction of Virus Infectivity
24.3 Inactivation Targets in Virions
24.4 Inactivation Kinetics
24.5 Agents that Inactivate Virus Infectivity
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 25: Virus Vaccines
25.1 Introduction to Virus Vaccines
25.2 Live Attenuated Virus Vaccines
25.3 Inactivated Virus Vaccines
25.4 Virion Subunit Vaccines
25.5 Live Recombinant Virus Vaccines
25.6 Mass-Production of Viruses for Vaccines
25.7 Virus-Like Particles
25.8 Synthetic Peptide Vaccines
25.9 DNA Vaccines
25.10 Storage and Transport of Vaccines
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 26: Anti-viral Drugs
26.1 Introduction to Anti-viral Drugs
26.2 Development of Anti-viral Drugs
26.3 Examples of Anti-viral Drugs
26.4 Drug Resistance
26.5 Anti-viral Drug Research
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Chapter 27: Prions
27.1 Introduction to Prions
27.2 Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
27.3 The Nature of Prions
27.4 Prion Diseases
27.5 Prion Strains
27.6 Prion Transmission
27.7 The Protein-Only Hypothesis
Learning Outcomes
Sources of Further Information
Virologists’ Vocabulary
Index