VIRGIN MOTHER GODDESSES OF ANTIQUITY 1 1 2- 0 1- 1 0 2 ct - e n n o C e v a gr al P y - sit er v ni U e k u D o d t e s n e c m - li o c ct. e n n o c e v a gr al p w. w w m o al fr eri at m ht g yri p o C 10.1057/9780230113121 - Virgin Mother Goddesses of Antiquity, Marguerite Rigoglioso 99778800223300661188886622__0011__pprreexxiiii..iinndddd ii 77//2211//22001100 55::0077::5522 PPMM Also by Marguerite Rigoglioso The Cult of Divine Birth in Ancient Greece (Palgrave Macmillan 2009) 1 1 2- 0 1- 1 0 2 ct - e n n o C e v a gr al P y - sit er v ni U e k u D o d t e s n e c m - li o c ct. e n n o c e v a gr al p w. w w m o al fr eri at m ht g yri p o C 10.1057/9780230113121 - Virgin Mother Goddesses of Antiquity, Marguerite Rigoglioso 99778800223300661188886622__0011__pprreexxiiii..iinndddd iiii 77//2211//22001100 55::0077::5522 PPMM VIRGIN MOTHER GODDESSES OF ANTIQUITY 1 1 2- 0 1- 1 0 2 ct - e n n Marguerite Rigoglioso o C e v a gr al P y - sit er v ni U e k u D o d t e s n e c m - li o c ct. e n n o c e v a gr al p w. w w m o al fr eri at m ht g yri p o C 10.1057/9780230113121 - Virgin Mother Goddesses of Antiquity, Marguerite Rigoglioso 99778800223300661188886622__0011__pprreexxiiii..iinndddd iiiiii 77//2211//22001100 55::0077::5522 PPMM VIRGIN MOTHER GODDESSES OF ANTIQUITY Copyright © Marguerite Rigoglioso, 2010. All rights reserved. “The Gnostic Sophia: Divine Generative Virgin,” by Angeleen Campra. Copyright © 2010. Used by permission of Angeleen Campra. Cover image: Irene Young and Laurelin Remington-Wolf Author’s photo: Joe Burull 1 First published in 2010 by 2-1 PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® 1-0 in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 01 2 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. ct - Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, ne n this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, Co registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, ve a Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. gr al P Pnaielgs raanvde Mhaasc cmoimllapna nisi etsh ea ngdlo rbeaplr easceandteamtiivce ism tphrrionutg ohfo tuhte t ahbeo wveo rcldo.mpa- sity - er Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, v ni the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. U e k ISBN: 978–0–230–61886–2 Du o Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data d t e Rigoglioso, Marguerite. ns e V irpg.i nc mm.other goddesses of antiquity / Marguerite Rigoglioso. m - lic Includes bibliographical references and index. co ISBN 978–0–230–61886–2 ect. 1. Mother goddesses. I. Title. nn o c BL325.M6R54 2010 ve a 2029.1140938—dc22 2010013321 gr al A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. w.p w Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. w m First edition: September 2010 al fro 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 eri at Printed in the United States of America. m ht g yri p o C 10.1057/9780230113121 - Virgin Mother Goddesses of Antiquity, Marguerite Rigoglioso 99778800223300661188886622__0011__pprreexxiiii..iinndddd iivv 77//2211//22001100 55::0077::5522 PPMM 1 1 2- 0 1- 1 0 2 ct - e n n o C e v a gr al P y - sit er v ni U e k u D To my grandmother Elena d to e my mother Marie ns e c and my aunt Elizabeth, m - li with admiration and thanks. o c ct. e n n o c e v a gr al p w. w w m o al fr eri at m ht g yri p o C 10.1057/9780230113121 - Virgin Mother Goddesses of Antiquity, Marguerite Rigoglioso 99778800223300661188886622__0011__pprreexxiiii..iinndddd vv 77//2211//22001100 55::0077::5533 PPMM 1 1 2- 0 1- This page intentionally left blank 1 0 2 ct - e n n o C e v a gr al P y - sit er v ni U e k u D o d t e s n e c m - li o c ct. e n n o c e v a gr al p w. w w m o al fr eri at m ht g yri p o C 10.1057/9780230113121 - Virgin Mother Goddesses of Antiquity, Marguerite Rigoglioso CONTENTS 1 1 2- 0 1- 1 0 2 ct - Acknowledgments ix e n n o C Note about Citation Style xi e v a gr al P Introduction 1 y - sit er 1 In the Beginning: Chaos, Nyx, and Ge/Gaia 15 niv U e 2 Athena/Neith/Metis: Primordial Creatrix of uk D Self-Replication 23 o d t e s 3 Artemis: Virgin Mother of the Wild, Patron of Amazons 51 en c 4 Hera: Virgin Queen of Heaven, Earth, and the Underworld 65 m - li o c 5 Demeter and Persephone: Double Goddesses of ect. n n Parthenogenesis 99 o c e v a 6 The Gnostic Sophia: Divine Generative Virgin 191 gr al Angeleen Campra w.p w w m o Notes 209 al fr eri References 237 at m ht Index 249 yrig p o C 10.1057/9780230113121 - Virgin Mother Goddesses of Antiquity, Marguerite Rigoglioso 99778800223300661188886622__0011__pprreexxiiii..iinndddd vviiii 77//2211//22001100 55::0077::5533 PPMM 1 1 2- 0 1- This page intentionally left blank 1 0 2 ct - e n n o C e v a gr al P y - sit er v ni U e k u D o d t e s n e c m - li o c ct. e n n o c e v a gr al p w. w w m o al fr eri at m ht g yri p o C 10.1057/9780230113121 - Virgin Mother Goddesses of Antiquity, Marguerite Rigoglioso ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 1 2- 0 1- 1 0 2 Iw ould like to thank many people for their support in association with ect - n n this book: my dissertation committee members, who read several of Co e these chapters as part of my doctoral dissertation at the California Institute av gr of Integral Studies (CIIS)—Associate Professor Jorge Ferrer (chair), al P Professor Lucia Chiavola Birnbaum, and Marvin Meyer, Griset Professor y - sit of Bible and Christian Studies at Chapman University; CIIS Professor er v Charlene Spretnak, for getting us started on the topic of the lost history Uni e of goddesses of the ancient Mediterranean world and for her invaluable uk D mentorship; Angeleen Campra, for her chapter on the Gnostic Sophia, o d t included in this volume; Gregory Shaw, for unflagging encouragement, se n e insights, and scholarly references; Burke Gerstenschlager and Samantha c Hasey at Palgrave Macmillan, for their professional editorial support and m - li o guidance; Rohini Krishnan at Newgen Imaging Systems for typesetting ct.c e assistance; Suzanne Sherman Aboulfadl for her indexing skills; librarians nn o Adolfo (AJ) Real, Jr., Kenneth Fish, and Shaun Barger (Dominican ec v a University of California), for their patient assistance with my interlibrary gr al loan requests; Irene Young and Laurelin Remington-Wolf, for their w.p w beautiful cover image; and Robert Owings, for invaluable insights and w m support over many years. o al fr eri at m ht g yri p o C 10.1057/9780230113121 - Virgin Mother Goddesses of Antiquity, Marguerite Rigoglioso 99778800223300661188886622__0011__pprreexxiiii..iinndddd iixx 77//2211//22001100 55::0077::5533 PPMM
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