Viral Diagnostics: Advances and Applications

518 Pages·2014·9.7 MB·English

by  Robert S. Marks

Vol. 2 Pan Stanford Series on the High-Tech of Biotechnology
Vol. 2 Pan Stanford Series on the High-Tech of Biotechnology
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ISBN 978-981V-3413364-43-0
ISBN 978-981-4364-43-0 V313V313
ISBNI S9B78N- 998718--4938614-4-4336-40-43-0
Pan Stanford Series on the High-Tech of Biotechnology
Volume 2
VIRAL DIAGNOSTICS
Pan Stanford Series on the High-Tech of Biotechnology
Robert S. Marks
Series Founding Editor
Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering
National Institute for Biotechnology Engineering
Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology
Ben Gurion University of the Negev
Israel
Titles in the Series
Published Forthcoming

Vol. 1 Vol. 4
Nanoantenna: Plasmon-Enhanced Nanomaterials for Water
Spectroscopies for Biotechnological Management: Signal Amplification
Applications for Biosensing from Nanostructures
Marc Lamy de la Chapelle and Robert S. Marks and
Annemarie Pucci, eds. Ibrahim Abdulhalim, eds.
2013 978-981-4463-47-8 (Hardcover)
978-981-4463-48-5 (eBook)
978-981-4303-61-3 (Hardcover)
978-981-4303-62-0 (eBook)
Vol. 5
Vol. 2
Luminescent Biosensors
Viral Diagnostics: Advances and
Gerald Thouand and Robert S. Marks,
Applications
eds.
Robert S. Marks, Leslie Lobel,
and Amadou Alpha Sall, eds.
Vol. 6
2015
Fibre-Optic Immunosensors and
978-981-4364-43-0 (Hardcover)
Biosensors
978-981-4364-44-7 (eBook)
Robert S. Marks, ed.
Vol. 3
Electrochemical Biosensors
Serge Cosnier, ed.
2015
978-981-4411-46-2 (Hardcover)
978-981-4411-47-9 (eBook)
Pan Stanford Series on Renewable Energy — Volume 2
Pan Stanford Series on the High-Tech of Biotechnology
Volume 2
VIRAL DIAGNOSTICS
Advances and Applications
edited by
editors Robert S. Marks
Preben Maegaard
Leslie Lobel
Anna Krenz
Amadou Alpha Sall
Wolfgang Palz
The Rise of Modern Wind Energy
Wind Power
for the World
CRC Press
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October22,2014 16:16 PSPBook-9inx6in 00-Robert-S.-Marks-prelims
Viral Diagnostics: Advances and Applications is dedicated to
thenewlyopenedLeeKongChianSchoolofMedicine,Nanyang
Technological University’s joint medical school with Imperial
CollegeLondoninSingapore,withavisionto“RedefineMedicine
andTransformHealthcare”.
Wewishitafruitfulandsuccessfuljourney.
TheEditors
TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk
October22,2014 15:52 PSPBook-9inx6in 00-Robert-S.-Marks-prelims
Contents
Foreword xix
Preface xxiii
1 PracticalExperiencewithanIntegratedSyndromic
SurveillanceSystemintheMedical,Veterinary,Nursing,and
EmergencyResponseCommunities 1
WilliamStanhope,TigiWard,R.MichaelRagain,
GarySimpson,andAlanZelicoff
1.1 MoreThanHalfofAllHumanInfectiousAgentsare
Zoonotic 1
1.2 SyndromeReportingInformationSystems 3
1.2.1 Examples 6
1.2.2 SomeSuccesseswithSYRIS 11
1.2.3 ActionableInformation:TheSYRISAdvantage 12
1.3 ConflictofInterestDisclosure 14
2 EnvironmentalSurveillanceforPoliovirusesinIsrael:
Bioerror,Bioterror,orjustMotherNature 17
LesterM.Shulman,YossiManor,DanitSofer,
andEllaMendelson
2.1 TheSilentPresenceorCirculationofPoliovirusesin
Poliomyelitis-FreeCommunities 17
2.2 GlobalEradicationofPoliomyelitis 18
2.3 TheNeedforRoutineSurveillance 20
2.4 TheProgramofEnvironmentalSurveillancefor
PoliovirusinIsrael 20
2.5 PoliovirusesIsolatedfromEnvironmentalSamplesin
Israel 23
October22,2014 15:52 PSPBook-9inx6in 00-Robert-S.-Marks-prelims
viii Contents
2.6 MolecularAnalysisYieldsEpidemiological
Information 23
2.7 TheContributionofRoutineSurveillancetoward
UnderstandingOnePotentialRouteforReemergence
ofNeurovirulentPolioviruses 27
2.8 MonitoringSilentPoliovirusInfections:
TheContributionofSewageSurveillance
andMolecularEpidemiology 30
3 Filoviruses:DeadlyPathogensandPotentialBioweapons 35
MichaelSchu¨mannandElkeMu¨hlberger
3.1 EmergenceofMarburgandEbolaViruses 35
3.2 TheVirusandtheDisease 36
3.3 FilovirusBiology 37
3.4 PathogenesisandClinicalPresentation 38
3.5 TheBioweaponPotentialofFiloviruses 40
3.5.1 DisseminationandTransmission 41
3.5.2 MortalityandImpactonPublicHealth 43
3.5.3 PublicPanicandSocialDisruption 45
3.5.4 PublicHealthPreparedness 46
3.5.4.1 Vaccination 46
3.5.4.2 Treatment 50
3.5.4.3 Diagnostics 53
3.6 FuturePerspectives 55
4 BridgingDiagnosticsResearch,Development,and
Commercialization:DiagnosticsfortheDevelopingWorld 65
RosannaW.Peeling
4.1 LackofAccesstoDiagnosticsasaContributortothe
BurdenofInfectiousDiseases 65
4.2 RoleofDiagnosticTests 66
4.3 DiagnosticLandscapeintheDevelopingWorld 67
4.4 LackofInternationalandNationalRegulatory
StandardsforApprovalofDiagnostics 68
4.5 TheIdealDiagnosticTool 68
4.6 DevelopmentofDiagnosticTests 70
4.7 ChallengesintheAvailabilityofQuality-Assured
DiagnosticTestsintheDevelopingWorld 70
4.8 OpportunitiesforaBetterFuture 73
October22,2014 15:52 PSPBook-9inx6in 00-Robert-S.-Marks-prelims
Contents ix
4.8.1 TechnologicalAdvances 73
4.8.2 MoreFundingandMorePlayers 73
4.8.3 IncreasedEffortsatCapacityBuilding 75
4.9 BridgingResearch,ProductDevelopment,and
Commercialization 75
5 OropoucheFever:AnOverviewoftheEpidemiologicaland
MolecularAspectsintheBrazilianAmazonRegion 79
PedroF.C.VasconcelosandMarcioR.T.Nunes
5.1 OropoucheOutbreaks 79
5.2 TheOropoucheVirus 81
5.3 GeographicDistribution 83
5.4 MolecularBiologyoftheOROV 85
6 IsAvianInfluenzaSubtypeH5N1aCauseforConcern?
ACriticalAnalysis 97
AlanP.Zelicoff
6.1 SpecterofPanzootics 97
6.2 TheNatureofInfluenzaAPredisposesIttoPandemics 98
6.3 ABriefHistoryoftheH5N1PanzooticandHuman
Cases 102
6.4 ReviewofEpidemiologyofH5N1inHumans 105
6.4.1 TheBasisoftheConcernforH5N1asa
PandemicThreat 106
6.4.2 CritiqueofthePandemicHypothesis 107
6.5 AreThereAsymptomaticH5N1Infections? 110
6.6 DoHumansHaveSomeImmunitytoH5N1? 111
6.7 ExperimentalData:VaccinationandChallenge
ExperimentsinAnimalsUsingH5N1 114
6.8 TransmissionofReassortmentVariantsofH5N1 116
6.9 Wasthe1918PandemicDifferentfromOthers? 117
7 DiagnosticsofViralRespiratoryDiseases 127
TamarAmir,GuyGubi,andLeslieLobel
7.1 ViralRespiratoryDiseases 127
7.2 RespiratoryViruses 128
7.3 DiagnosticTechniques 132
7.3.1 Immunoassays 135
7.3.2 MolecularTechniques 136