Viral and Mycoplasmal of Laboratory Rodents. Effects on Biomedical Research PDF
Preview Viral and Mycoplasmal of Laboratory Rodents. Effects on Biomedical Research
Academic Press Rapid Manuscript Reproduction Based on a conference on Viral and Mycoplasmal Infections of Laboratory Rodents: Effects on Biomédical Research, held on October 24-26, 1984, at the National Institutes of Health. Viral and Mycoplasmal Infections of Laboratory Rodents Effects on Biomédical Research Edited by Pravin N. Bhatt Robert O. Jacoby Section of Comparative Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Herbert C. Morse III Laboratory of Immunopathology National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland Albert E. New Office of Laboratory Animal Science National Cancer Institute Bethesda, Maryland ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers Orlando San Diego New York Austin Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto COPYRIGHT © 1986 BY ACADEMIC PRESS. INC ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS. ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY. RECORDING. OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM. WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Orlando. Florida 32887 United Kingdom Edition published bx ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24-28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Viral and mycoplasmal infections of laboratory rodents. Proceedings of a conference held at the National Institutes of Health on Oct. 24-26, Ί984. Includes index. 1. Laboratory animals-Diseases-Congresses. 2. Rodents—Diseases-Congresses. 3. Rodents as labora- tory animals-Congresses. 4. Veterinary virology- Congresses. 5. Mycoplasma diseases in animals- Congresses. 6. Laboratory infections—Congresses. 1. Bhatt, Pravin N. [DNLM: 1. Animals, Laboratory- congresses. 2. Mycoplasma Infections—veterinary— congresses. 3. Rodent Diseases—congresses. 4. Virus Diseases-veterinary-congresses. SF 997.5.R5 V813 1984] SF996.5.V57 1986 616.9'2 86-47798 ISBN 0-12-095785-X (alk. paper) PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OE AMERICA 86 87 88 89 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Preface In 1966 a landmark conference, the first to address collectively viral infec- tions of laboratory rodents, was held at the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta, Georgia. During the ensuing two decades, understanding of the biology, pathogenesis, and epizootiology of these infections has expanded significantly and recognition of potential interference by these infections in the conduct of animal-related research has increased. Therefore it seemed timely to collate new information about rodent viruses and to reconsider their impact on research using laboratory rodents. An enthusiastic and knowledgeable group of scientists formed a planning committee. They drew up plans for a national conference to facilitate dialogue among groups with an abiding interest in rodent viral infections. The planning committee also recognized that mycoplasmosis is a major nuisance in animal-related research so they recommended that the program in- clude recent findings pertaining to Mycoplasma infection. The resulting conference on "Viral and Mycoplasmal Infections of Laboratory Rodents: Effects on Biomédical Research" was held at the Na- tional Institutes of Health on October 24-26, 1984. Conferees and speakers in- cluded basic scientists, veterinarians, commercial producers, and animal research managers. The conference proceedings are assembled in this text. Each contributor was asked to summarize current knowledge on her or his topic and to suggest direc- tions for future research. Manuscripts were reviewed for thoroughness and clarity, but considerable latitude was accepted for style and language. We thank the authors for their contributions and cooperation. We also ex- tend our gratitude to Mrs. Laurie Flaherty for preparing the final manuscripts, Ms. Sujata Bhatt for proofreading the text, the staff of Academic Press for ad- vice and patience, and Mr. Rexroad and his staff at the National Institutes of Health for their hospitality and management of the Masur Auditorium. We express special appreciation to Mrs. Patrick Meek and Mr. Eric Deitrich of the Office of Laboratory Animal Science, National Cancer Institute, and Mrs. Celeste Ouellette from the Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, for their underlying efforts in coordinating various conference- related matters. IX X Preface We reemphasize our profound debt to Dr. Wallace P. Rowe, a giant among biomédical scientists and a pioneer in the systematic study of rodent viruses and viral diagnosis. He was a moving force in the planning committee until his untimely death. We are deeply gratified that the committee chose to dedicate the conference to him. The National Institutes of Health participated in the support of this meeting under Grant No. RR-01549 from the Division of Research Resources, Fogarty International Center, National Cancer Institute, National Institute on Aging, and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Support was also given through a grant by Hoffman-LaRoche, Inc. Additional contributions were made by Abbott Laboratories, Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, E. R. Squibb and Sons, Inc., G. D. Searle and Company, Alcide Corporation, Camm Research Lab Animals, Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Granite Diagnostics, Inc., Harlan Spraque Dawley, Inc., Hilltop Lab Animals, Inc., Lab Products, Inc., Metpath, Micro- biological Associates, and Taconic Farms, Inc. Pravin N. Bhatt Robert O. Jacoby Herbert C. Morse III Albert E. New Conference Planning Committee Chairman Pravin N. Bhatt, Dr.P.H., Senior Research Virologist, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510. Members Leon Lewis, V.M.D., M.S*, Director, Department Laboratory Animal Resources, Hoffman-LaRoche, Nutley, New Jersey 07110. Herbert C. Morse III, M.D., Chief, Laboratory of Immunopathology, Na- tional Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Albert E. New, D.V.M., M.S., Director, Laboratory Animal Science, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Roger P. Orcutt, Ph.D., President, Bio Medic Research Services, 7192 West Sundown Court, Frederick, Maryland 21701. John C. Parker, Ph.D., President, Microbiological Associates, Bethesda, Maryland 20016. Wallace P. Rowe, M.D.,(deceased), Chief, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. J. David Small, D.V.M., M.P.H., Comparative Medicine Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 Gordon Wallace, D.V.M., M.P.H., Acting Deputy Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. XI ¿y^'.'l'.^^- ; ·. .",;;Λ- ;'^':^'-1^^\%J^M' Wë\\<% Ϊ lÊÊÊÊÊÈÊÊË y:im^;:r^ Ί:#Μ Wk fs^a /%;!ϊ^:^ΐ;ί|^ί^1^ WALLACE P. ROWE, M.D. February 20, 1926 - July 4, 1983 d, k, n, rtholanocerida ahh BCS Bhatt, nstein, Lipton, nton, BrowNew, n, Bricoby, cutt, oar sJO NathanShah, ewis, ver, hope, ell, L nner, SeMims, Sey, Cass Feg, nds mall, Hsiunrs. Li Drs. Smith, ht): D ht): rs. So rig gDt to riht): (left (left o rigrow ow eft third d Moderators: First rRichter. Second row (lner, and Ganaway. Ttley, and Morse. akers anes, and hy, Wagman, Har SpeHolmMurpHick CHAPTER 1 WELCOME Pravin N. Bhatt Section of Comparative Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Friends: I welcome you on behalf of the Planning Committee and myself. I tried to find the appropriate English words to convey my thoughts on this occasion, but decided instead to use three quotations from Sanskrit literature which best express what I want to say· In English these words mean: "Guests are to be respected as highly as God." You are our guests. We will do our best to make your participation enjoyable and profitable. Each member of the Planning Committee has given me very valuable help and suggestions - the result is this conference. Please overlook my shortcomings in implementing their advice. Viral and Mycoplasmal Infections Copyright © 1986 by Academic Press, Inc. of Laboratory Rodents 3 All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. 4 Pravin N. Bhatt We have gathered here to exchange experiences and knowledge. A Sanskrit verse seems most appropriate for this occasion: e •foln¿wr H Í ^ ^ ^ Il This means: "Knowledge is the best type of wealth. It cannot be taken away from you either by a thief, by the government in taxes or by your relatives as their fair share. (As it has neither shape nor weight), it is not a burden to carry. And, above all, it increases everyday by distribution." I urge you to keep the spirit of this verse alive in our deliberations. Lastly - This last sentence is from Uttara-Rama-Charita, Act II, Scene 1, Verse 1 of the welcome uttered by Vanadevata (Goddess of the forest) to Tapasi (A Saint). It means "Meeting of like minded good persons happens rarely and that too because of past good deeds (for the benefit of man- kind*)." In the context of this meeting, where eminent scien- tists, veterinarians and animal producers, the rodent users and science administrators have gathered to exchange ideas and information, surely the scientific community will be benefited. Let us make the most of this opportunity. The joy of this happy occasion is not without a note of sorrow. Wally Rowe, an eminent scientist, a good friend who helped me greatly in this endeavor and who was also a member of our Planning Committee is no longer with us. Now I request that Dr. Janet Hartley, a trusted col- league of Dr. Rowe and well known scientist, dedicate the conference. author's interpretation.
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