Violent Non-State Actors in Africa : Terrorists, Rebels and Warlords

346 Pages·2017·3.59 MB·English

by  Caroline Varin

Violent
Non-State Actors
in Africa
Terrorists, Rebels
and Warlords
Edited by
Caroline Varin and Dauda Abubakar
Violent Non-State Actors in Africa
Caroline Varin • Dauda Abubakar
Editors
Violent Non-State
Actors in Africa
Terrorists, Rebels and Warlords
Editors
Caroline Varin Dauda Abubakar
Regent’s University Political Science and African Studies
London, United Kingdom University of Michigan-Flint
Flint, Michigan, USA
ISBN 978-3-319-51351-5 ISBN 978-3-319-51352-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-51352-2
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017934515
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017
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To Alexia
CV
A
cknowledgments
Dauda Abubakar would like to acknowledge the support of the Dean of
College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Michigan-Flint, Professor
Susan Gano-Phillips, along with Chair(s) of the Department of African
Studies, Professor Ernest Emenyonu, and Political Science, Professor
Peggy Kahn, respectively, for the generous Sabbatical leave in Winter
2016 to complete work on the manuscript of this edited volume.
vii
c
ontents
1 Introduction 1
Caroline Varin
Part I Terrorists 15
2 From Sectarianism to Terrorism in Northern
Nigeria: A Closer Look at Boko Haram 17
Dauda Abubakar
3 Nationalist Sentiment, Terrorist Incursions
and the Survival of the Malian State 49
Jude Cocodia
4 Islamic State in Libya 75
Larissa Jaeger
Part II Rebels 107
5 ‘Islamist’ Rebels in DRC: The Allied Democratic Forces 109
Jesper Cullen
ix
x CONTENTS
6 The Séléka and anti-Balaka Rebel Movements
in the Central African Republic 133
Wendy Isaacs-Martin
7 Rebel Movements in Ethiopia 163
Berouk Mesfin
8 Rebel Victory and the Rwandan Genocide 195
Jennifer Melvin
Part III Warlords 223
9 Joseph Kony and the Lord’s Resistance Army 225
Jo-Ansie van Wyk
10 The Revolutionary United Front, Liberian
Warlords and Civil War in Sierra Leone 251
Usman A. Tar and Sharkdam Wapmuk
11 Al-Shabaab: State Collapse, Warlords
and Islamist Insurgency in Somalia 277
Usman A. Tar and Mala Mustapha
12 Pirates in West Africa and Somalia 301
Clayton D. Allen
13 Conclusion 323
Caroline Varin
Index 329
l c
ist of ontributors
Dauda Abubakar is an Associate Professor of Political Science and
African Studies at the University of Michigan-Flint. Prior to joining the
University of Michigan, he taught at the University of Maiduguri, Nigeria,
where he was the Chair of the Department of Political Science and
Coordinator of Graduate Programs. From 2003 to 2009, he was a Visiting
Professor in the Department of Political Science and African Studies
Program, Ohio University-Athena. He has published numerous scholarly
articles in peer-reviewed journals and contributed chapters in edited
books. His most recent contribution is on ‘Responsibility to Protect: The
Paradox of International Intervention in Africa’, in Bah, A (ed),
International Security and Peacebuilding: Africa, the Middle East and
Europe, Indiana University Press (2017). His current research agenda is at
the intersection of identity formation, citizenship rights, democratization
and political violence in post-colonial Africa.
Clayton D. Allen has a Masters of International Affairs from Bush School
at Texas, A&M University. He previously graduated from the University
of North Carolina-Chapel Hill with degrees in Peace, War and Defense
and Ancient/Medieval History, with credits from Corpus Christi College,
Cambridge and die Frei Universitat in Berlin. He has worked on several
security projects and for journals at SNSPA University in Romania and for
the Defense Intelligence Agency.
Jude Cocodia is a Lecturer in Politics at Niger Delta University, Nigeria,
and a Doctoral Researcher at the University of Nottingham. He is the
recipient of the International Peace Research Association Foundation
xi
xii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
2014 Research Grant. His research interests lie in Conflict and
Peacekeeping, Democracy and Security in Africa.
Jesper Cullen is the lead intelligence analyst covering sub-Saharan Africa at
The Risk Advisory Group, UK. He previously worked as a freelance journal-
ist based in Kenya. He has carried out field research in, and reported from,
countries including Democratic Republic of Congo, Somalia and Ethiopia.
Wendy Isaacs-Martin is an Associate Professor at the Archie Mafeje Research
Institute, the University of South Africa (UNISA). She has published on ethnic,
racial, religious and gendered issues, scapegoating and violence and the estab-
lishment of national ideologies in South Africa and the African continent.
Larissa Jaeger is a Security Consultant and has worked at The Risk
Advisory Group focusing on Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and
Boko Haram. She previously worked with Human Rights Watch and the
Center for Security Studies in Switzerland. She is completing her research
degree at the University of Cambridge.
Jennifer Melvin is a Lecturer in Sociology and Human Rights at the
University of Roehampton. Her research interests include genocide, post-
conflict reconciliation, human rights protection and international devel-
opment. Prior to joining the university, she conducted ethnographic
research in the Great Lakes Region of Africa with a particular focus on
Rwanda. This research has been published in peer-reviewed journals, and
she is the author of Reconciling Rwanda: Unity, Nationality, and State
Control, published by the University of London Press (2015).
Berouk Mesfin is a senior researcher in charge of the Horn of Africa
region with the Institute for Security Studies. He has also worked as a
political adviser to the US embassy in Ethiopia and as a lecturer in political
science and international relations at Addis Ababa University. He had
served as an intelligence analyst at the Ethiopian Ministry of Defense.
Berouk has authored numerous papers and book chapters. His most recent
papers include ‘The Foreign Policy of Qatar and its Active Engagement in
the Horn of Africa’; ‘Le Fédéralisme Ethnique en Ethiopie: Entre Déclin
et Endurance’; ‘Ethiopia’s Role and Foreign Policy in the Horn of Africa’;
‘Elections, Politics and External Involvement in Djibouti’; ‘The
Architecture and Conduct of Intelligence in Ethiopia’; ‘The Political
Development of Somaliland and its Conflict with Puntland’; ‘Ethiopia-
Somalia Relations after 2012’ and ‘The Horn of Africa Security Complex’.