Violence in Ancient Christianity: Victims and Perpetrators PDF
Preview Violence in Ancient Christianity: Victims and Perpetrators
ViolenceinAncientChristianity Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae texts and studies of early christian life and language Editors J.denBoeft B.D.Ehrmann J.vanOort D.T.Runia C.Scholten volume 125 Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedatbrill.com/vcs Violence in Ancient Christianity VictimsandPerpetrators Editedby AlbertC.Geljon RiemerRoukema leiden|boston LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData ViolenceinancientChristianity:victimsandperpetrators/editedbyAlbertC.Geljon,RiemerRoukema. pagescm.–(SupplementstoVigiliaeChristianae,ISSN0920-623X;VOLUME125) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-90-04-27478-5(hardback:alk.paper)–ISBN978-90-04-27490-7(e-book)1.Violence–Religious aspects–Christianity.2.Churchhistory–Primitiveandearlychurch,ca.30-600.I.Geljon,AlbertC.,editor. BT736.15.V4942014 270.1–dc23 2014013687 Thispublicationhasbeentypesetinthemultilingual“Brill”typeface.Withover5,100characterscovering Latin,ipa,Greek,andCyrillic,thistypefaceisespeciallysuitableforuseinthehumanities.Formore information,pleaseseewww.brill.com/brill-typeface. issn0920-623x isbn978-90-04-27478-5(hardback) isbn978-90-04-27490-7(e-book) Copyright2014byKoninklijkeBrillnv,Leiden,TheNetherlands. KoninklijkeBrillnvincorporatestheimprintsBrill,BrillNijhoff,GlobalOrientalandHoteiPublishing. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,translated,storedinaretrievalsystem, ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise, withoutpriorwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher. AuthorizationtophotocopyitemsforinternalorpersonaluseisgrantedbyKoninklijkeBrillnvprovided thattheappropriatefeesarepaiddirectlytoTheCopyrightClearanceCenter,222RosewoodDrive, Suite910,Danvers,ma01923,usa.Feesaresubjecttochange. Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper. Contents Abbreviations vii ListofContributors viii Introduction 1 1 ReligiousViolencebetweenGreeks,Romans,ChristiansandJews 8 JanN.Bremmer 2 ViolenceagainstChristiansandViolencebyChristiansintheFirst ThreeCenturies:DirectViolence,CulturalViolenceandtheDebate aboutChristianExclusiveness 31 DannyPraet 3 Eusebius’ViewonConstantineandHisPolicy 56 FredLedegang 4 AvengingJulian.ViolenceagainstChristiansduringtheYears 361–363 76 HansC.Teitler 5 AttractionandHatred.RelationsbetweenJewsandChristiansinthe EarlyChurch 90 F.J.ElizabethBoddensHosang 6 ViolenceintheEarlyYearsofCyrilofAlexandria’sEpiscopate 108 HansvanLoon 7 PriscillianofAvila’sLiberadDamasum,andtheInabilitytoHandlea Conflict 132 JoopvanWaarden 8 Quiddicamdevindicandovelnonvindicando?(Ep.95,3).Augustine’s LegitimationofCoercionintheLightofHisRolesofMediator,Judge, TeacherandMystagogue 151 PaulvanGeest vi contents 9 RepressionvonHäretikernundanderenreligiösenGruppierungenim späterenAltertum,inderSprachewiderspiegelt 185 GerardBartelink 10 ReceptionandInterpretationofJesus’TeachingofLoveforEnemiesin AncientChristianity 198 RiemerRoukema IndexofReferences 215 IndexofNamesandSubjects 235 IndexofGreekandLatinWords 243 IndexofModernAuthors 245 Abbreviations Generally the abbreviations of biblical books and ancient texts follow the guidelinessetoutinTheSBLHandbookofStyle(PeabodyMass.1999). ACO ActaConciliorumOecumenicorum AGLB AusderGeschichtederlateinischenBibel ANRW AufstiegundNiedergangderrömischenWelt AQDGM AusgewählteQuellenzurdeutschenGeschichtedesMittelalters BAug Bibliothèqueaugustinienne CCSL CorpusChristianorumSeriesLatina CSCO CorpusScriptorumChristianorumOrientalium CSEL CorpusScriptorumEcclesiasticorumLatinorum EKK Evangelisch-katholischerKommentarzumNeuenTestament FaCh FathersoftheChurch FKDG ForschungenzurKirchen-undDogmengeschichte GCS DiegriechischenchristlichenSchriftsteller JCPS JewishandChristianPerspectiveSeries JThS JournalofTheologicalStudies LCL LoebClassicalLibrary MGH.AA MonumentaGermaniaeHistorica.AuctoresAntiquissimi MGH.SRM MonumentaGermaniaeHistorica.ScriptoresrerumMerovingicarum NPNF NiceneandPost-NiceneFathers OECT OxfordEarlyChristianTexts PG Patrologiaecursuscompletus:seriesGraeca PL Patrologiaecursuscompletus:seriesLatina SC SourcesChrétiennes TTH TranslatedTextsforHistorians YPR YalePublicationsinReligion List of Contributors GerardJ.M.Bartelink ProfessorEmeritusinAncientChristianGreek,AncientChristian,Vulgar,and MedievalLatin,RadboudUniversity,Nijmegen F.J.ElizabethBoddensHosang PhD Tilburg University, Religious Education Advisor to Catholic Elementary Schools,Leiden JanN.Bremmer ProfessorEmeritusofReligiousStudies,UniversityofGroningen FredLedegang PhDRadboudUniversity,Nijmegen,PastorEmeritusoftheProtestantChurch intheNetherlands DannyPraet ProfessorofAncientPhilosophyandEarlyChristianity,GhentUniversity RiemerRoukema ProfessorofEarlyChristianity,ProtestantTheologicalUniversity,locationGro- ningen HansC.Teitler SeniorLecturerEmeritusinAncientHistory,UtrechtUniversity PaulJ.J.vanGeest ProfessorofChurchHistory,TilburgUniversity,andProfessorofAugustinian Studies,VUUniversity,Amsterdam Johannes(Hans)C.vanLoon PhDProtestantTheologicalUniversity,locationKampen,CentreforPatristic Research,TilburgUniversityandVUUniversity,Amsterdam Johannes(Joop)vanWaarden PhDUniversityofAmsterdam,ResearchAssociateinLatin,UniversityofAms- terdam Introduction Onthe7thand8thofOctober2011,theDutchFoundationforAncientChristian Studies(StichtingvoorOudchristelijkeStudiën)celebrateditsfiftiethanniver- sarywithaconferenceon‘ViolenceinancientChristianity:victimsandperpe- trators’.Therelationshipbetweenreligionandviolencenowadaysoftenfigures ontheagendaofpoliticians,journalists,andscholars.Althoughthisinterestis alsoreflectedinthethemeoftheconference,thesubjectassuchisnotnewin thedomainofAncientChristianStudies,witnessthenumerousarticles,books, andeditionsofrelevantancienttextsconcerningmartyrdomandpersecutions, whichhavebeenpublishedinthepast. In the opening lecture on ‘Religious violence between Greeks, Romans, ChristiansandJews’,JanBremmer(UniversityofGroningen)offeredsomeelu- cidating considerations. Although the expression ‘religious violence’ occurs in the title of his contribution, he argues that it is neither a neutral nor an accurate term, because in late antiquity the roles of violence and religion were very different from their present-day understanding. He takes a criti- calstancetowardtheviewthatpolytheisticreligionsaremoretolerantthan monotheisticones,andgivesseveralexamplesofviolentintoleranceofpoly- theistsinbothancientandmoderntimes.Heconcludesthatbeforethevic- tory of Christianity no pagan author would plead religious tolerance. Con- cerning pagan violence against Christians, Bremmer underlines Tertullian’s remark that not all Roman governors were bloodthirsty. Regarding the pol- icy of emperor Decius, he maintains against other scholars that his edict of 249ce,accordingtowhichallinhabitantsoftheRomanempirehadtoofferto thegods,wasineffectdirectedagainsttheChristians,becausetheywerethe real victims; yet Christians most likely exaggerated the numbers of martyrs. After Christianity had become the dominant religion, testimonies to Chris- tianviolenceagainstpagansandtheirtemplesdoexist,butBremmerpoints to those scholars whose critical analysis of the literary and archaeological sources contests their historical reliability. In his view, cases of destruction ofpagantemplesbyChristianswereexceptions.Hearguesthatinthefourth andfifthcenturiesmanyofthesetempleswerenotvisitedanymoreandafair numberofthemweretransformedtochurches.Withoutdownplayingrhetor- icalandphysicalviolencebyChristiansagainstJewshenotesthatsometimes the sources are less clear than one might wish, as his example of the tombs of the Maccabean martyrs in Antioch demonstrates. He concludes that in any case such violence was less terrible than in the Middle Ages and later times. © koninklijkebrillnv,leiden,2014 | doi:10.1163/9789004274907_002
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