Village chickens, poverty alleviation and the sustainable control of newcastle disease

238 Pages·2013·3.28 MB·English

Village chickens,
poverty alleviation and
the sustainable control
of newcastle disease
131
AciAr Proceedings
ACIAR PR131.book Page 1 Wednesday, April 22, 2009 8:43 AM
Village chickens, poverty alleviation
and the sustainable control of
Newcastle disease

Proceedings of an international conference held in
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 5–7 October 2005
Editors: R.G. Alders, P.B. Spradbrow and M.P. Young
2009
ACIAR PR131.book Page 2 Wednesday, April 22, 2009 8:43 AM
The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) was established in
June 1982 by an Act of the Australian Parliament. Its mandate is to help identify
agricultural problems in developing countries and to commission collaborative research
between Australian and developing country researchers in fields where Australia has a
special research competence.
Where trade names are used this constitutes neither endorsement of nor discrimination
against any product by the Centre.
ACIAR PROCEEDINGS SERIES
This series of publications includes the full proceedings of research
workshops or symposia organised or supported by ACIAR. Numbers in
this series are distributed internationally to selected individuals and
scientific institutions, and are also available from ACIAR’s website at
<www.aciar.gov.au>.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2009
This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act
1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission
from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and
rights should be addressed to the Commonwealth Copyright Administration,
Attorney-General’s Department, Robert Garran Offices, National Circuit, Barton
ACT 2600 or posted at <http://www.ag.gov.au/cca>.
Published by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR)
GPO Box 1571, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
Telephone: [phone]; email: <[email protected]>
Alders R.G., Spradbrow P.B. and Young M.P. (eds) 2009. Village chickens, poverty
alleviation and the sustainable control of Newcastle disease. Proceedings of an
international conference held in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 5–7 October 2005. ACIAR
Proceedings No. 131, 235 pp.
ISBN 978 1 921531 75 0 (print)
ISBN 978 1 921531 76 7 (online)
Technical editing and design by Clarus Design
Printing by Elect Printing
Cover: Vaccination day: community members gather their birds to participate in a Newcastle
disease vaccination campaign in a village in Nampula province, Mozambique.
Photo: Robyn Alders.
ACIAR PR131.book Page 3 Wednesday, April 22, 2009 8:43 AM
Foreword
This international conference brought together 102 village poultry researchers and
animal health specialists from eastern, southern and western Africa, South-East Asia,
Europe and Oceania to share experiences over 3 days in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in
October 2005. The conference represented both the culmination of 10 years of
Australian-supported research into the control of Newcastle disease (ND) in village
chickens in southern Africa and the effective collaboration between the Australian
Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and the Australian Agency
for International Development (AusAID).
The proceedings showcase the background, methodology and results of the
AusAID-funded Southern Africa Newcastle Disease Control Project (SANDCP),
which ran from July 2002 to November 2005. SANDCP built on the ND control
research supported by ACIAR from 1996 to 2001 in Mozambique and Tanzania. The
ACIAR work in Africa in turn built on over 15 years of research by Professor Peter
Spradbrow and his team at the University of Queensland and colleagues in Malaysia,
Vietnam, the Philippines and Indonesia.
The proceedings also present a range of topics from the history of the control of
ND in village chickens using thermotolerant live vaccine to the role of village
chickens in poverty alleviation and HIV/AIDS mitigation. This is testimony to the
versatility of village poultry and the wide range of environments in which they are
raised. Households now headed by children or grandparents, because of the death of
the parents due to HIV/AIDS, raise poultry for sale and home consumption.
Livestock such as goats and cattle require shepherds to stay with the herds during the
day. This is not possible in households where working adults are no longer present,
because remaining family members need to be involved in time-efficient and cost-
effective activities in order for the family to survive.
The implementation of an effective ND control program in countries such as Malawi,
Mozambique and Tanzania has resulted in increased chicken numbers and household
purchasing power, home consumption of chicken products and decision-making power
for women; and a higher capacity to survive droughts. ACIAR and AusAID’s ND
control program is thus expected to have a lasting, positive impact on the livelihoods of
many, poor rural women and children in Mozambique, Tanzania and Malawi.
Peter Core
Chief Executive Officer
ACIAR
3
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ACIAR PR131.book Page 5 Wednesday, April 22, 2009 8:43 AM
Contents
Foreword 3
Acronyms and abbreviations 9
Oral presentations
The comparative advantages of village or smallholder poultry in rural development 11
John W. Copland and Robyn G. Alders
Fifteen years of family poultry research and development at Obafemi Awolowo
University, Nigeria 15
E.B. Sonaiya
Thermostable vaccines in the control of Newcastle disease in village chickens: a history 27
P.B. Spradbrow
Improving village chicken production by employing effective gender-sensitive
methodologies 35
Brigitte Bagnol
Diploma and certificate courses in poultry production and health: an initiative to build
human capacity and enhance poultry production in the East Africa region 43
Uswege M. Minga
From a model to a learning approach: the impact of DANIDA-supported smallholder
poultry-production projects in Bangladesh [Abstract only] 51
K.N. Kryger, J.C. Riise, K. Sarkar, G. Mustafa and J.G. Bell
The role of the World’s Poultry Science Association in support of family poultry
farming in developing countries 52
R.A.E. Pym, M. Evans, Q.M.E. Huque and A.M. Gibbins
Village chickens in Myanmar: characteristics, constraints and methods for improving
health and production 56
Joerg Henning, Joanne Meers, John Morton, Bob Pym and Than Hla
Village chicken keeping in Solomon Islands 59
Russell Parker
The AusAID Southern Africa Newcastle Disease Control Project: its history, approach
and lessons learnt 62
Robyn G. Alders
Newcastle disease control using I-2 vaccine in Tanzania: country report 67
H.M. Msami and M.P. Young
5
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Newcastle disease control using I-2 vaccine in Mozambique 74
Ana Bela Cambaza, Robyn G. Alders and Mohamed Harun
Trials with a thermotolerant I-2 Newcastle disease vaccine in confined Australorp
chickens and scavenging village chickens in Malawi 84
R.A. Mgomezulu, R.G. Alders, P.B. Chikungwa, M.P. Young, W.G. Lipita
and G.W. Wanda
Southern Africa Newcastle Disease Control Project impact studies: baseline and
participatory rural appraisal results 96
Mohamed Harun, Robyn G. Alders, Laurence Sprowles, Brigitte Bagnol,
Ana Bela Cambaza, Halifa Msami and Richard Mgomezulu
Bicycles, T-shirts and boots: community involvement in Newcastle disease 102
vaccination campaigns
Brigitte Bagnol
Managing the risks to vaccine quality associated with the small-scale production of
I-2 Newcastle disease vaccine in developing countries 108
Mary Young, Patrick Chikungwa, Chanasa Ngeleja, Quintino Lobo and
Amalia Fumo
Evaluation of the cold chain encountered by ‘wet’ I-2 Newcastle disease vaccine from
the vaccine production department to the village chicken in Mozambique 113
Manuel Chicamisse, Mohamed Harun, Robyn G. Alders and Mary Young
The role of local institutions in achieving sustainable Newcastle disease control in
village chickens: the experience in Mtwara district, Tanzania 120
H.A. Mwamhehe, M.J. Kessy, M.R. Mkude, S.G. Komba and I. Shemtandulo
Reviewing the current curricula relating to diseases and production of chickens, with
a view to increasing the importance of village chicken production in Tanzania 124
H.M. Msami, A.M. Kapaga, C. Lyimo, I.H. Mosha, P.L. Msoffe, N.A. Mtenga,
J. Muhoma, S. Mutayoba, T. Mwachambi and M. Young
The impact of Newcastle disease control on smallholder poultry production
in Mauritius 132
I.L. Prayag and R. Ramjee
Comparative advantage of the use of a thermotolerant vaccine in the protection of
rural chickens against Newcastle disease in Ghana 135
J.A. Awuni, T.K. Coleman and V.B. Sedor
Current situation with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Indonesia, with
special emphasis on control at village level 141
Tri Satya Putri Naipospos
Impact of avian influenza in the poultry sectors of five South-East Asian countries 147
F. Dolberg, E. Guerne Bleich and A. McLeod
Delivering systematic information on indigenous farm animal genetic resources
of developing countries: inclusion of poultry in DAGRIS 154
Tadelle Dessie, Ephrem Getahun, Yetnayet Mamo, J.E.O. Rege, O. Hanotte
and Workneh Ayalew
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Effect of feeding regime during the starting phase on performance of growing village
chickens 160
C.C. Kyarisiima and S. Bafasha
Technical efficiency of family poultry production in the Niger Delta, Nigeria 164
R.A. Alabi and M.B Aruna
A study in South Africa of the efficacy of a commercially obtained thermostable
Newcastle disease vaccine in village chickens when administered by different routes 174
S.P.R. Bisschop, B.L. Mogoje and M.M.O. Thekisoe
Husbandry improvements and a training program for smallholder chicken producers 176
Paul Gilchrist
Tools for effective dialogue with smallholder farmers in Togo 189
Charles E. Bebay
Thirty years of fighting Newcastle disease in rural poultry in West Africa 199
E. Fermet-Quinet
Improving resource-poor households’ participation in the adoption of poultry
production innovations 202
Harry Swatson, Siyabonga Mazibuko and Bonaventure Byebwa
The role of village chickens in HIV/AIDS mitigation in Manica and Sofala
provinces of Mozambique 207
R.G. Alders, B. Bagnol, M. Chicamisse, J. Serafim and J. Langa
Posters
Characterisation of indigenous chickens under traditional farming systems in
Limpopo province, South Africa [Abstract only] 210
H.K. Swatson, E. Nesamvuni, J. Tshovhote and C. Fourie
Promoting community development through improved village chicken production
in Chibuto district, Mozambique [Abstract only] 211
Manuel Jaime Jossefa, Carlos Moamba, Georgina Jones, Robyn G. Alders
and Mohamed Harun
An analysis and assessment of perceptions of free-ranging indigenous chicken
production among some households in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa 212
[Abstract only]
Harry Swatson, Cobus Fourie and Bonaventure Byebwae
Synchronised hatching as a strategy for improving productivity of village chickens
in Uganda: a case study in Rakai district 213
C.C. Kyarisiima, F.M. Jjuuko and B. Ssebina
The efficacy of a thermostable Newcastle disease vaccine in village chickens 217
when administered by community volunteers: a South African experience
[Abstract only]
C.K. Modise, S.P.R. Bisschop, C.M.E. McCrindle and B.L. Mogoje
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Contribution to set up a strategy to develop guineafowl farming in Sahelian Africa
as part of the fight against poverty [Abstract only] 218
Z. Rhissa and E. Guerne Bleich
Enhancing food security in villages by improvement of local chickens [Abstract only] 219
M.S.H. Mashingo, T. Mruma and A. Mandari
Collaborative approaches in Newcastle disease control in Malawi [Abstract only] 220
Richard Alick Mgomezulu
The key role of Newcastle disease control in the activities of women’s groups in
Chalinze village, Tanzania 221
Augustino Kibaya, Beatrice Mhembano, Hilda Ng’hambi, Thomas Mwachambi,
Anton Sahali, Pendo Sajilo and Mary Young
Field-based poultry schools for poor, illiterate farmers in Kenya: lessons learnt from
a pilot project [Abstract only] 224
Jens Christian Riise, Gertrude Buyu and Rilla Norslund
Village chickens helping to keep the children off the streets in peri-urban
Dar es Salaam: the Mama Mkubwa project 226
Adeodartha Lupindu, Nancy Macha, Mary Young, Robyn G. Alders
and Celia Grenning
Avian influenza in smallholder chicken flocks 229
Paul Gilchrist
8
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Acronyms and abbreviations
ACIAR Australian Centre for International INIVE National Veterinary Research Institute
Agricultural Research of Mozambique
ADRI Animal Diseases Research Institute, kg kilogram
Tanzania L litre
AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome m metre
AusAID Australian Agency for International m2 square metre
Development MJ megajoule
°C degrees Celsius M&E monitoring and evaluation
DAGRIS Domestic Animal Genetic Resources mL millilitre
Information System MZM Mozambican metical; old unit of
DANIDA Danish International Development currency
Agency ND Newcastle disease
DINAP National Directorate of Livestock, NGO non-government organisation
Mozambique OIE Office Internationale des Epizooties;
e.g. for example since 2003, the World Organisation for
EID 50% embryo infectious dose Animal Health
50
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of PRA participatory rural appraisal
the United Nations SANDCP Southern Africa Newcastle Disease
g grams Control Project
HIV human immunodeficiency virus SE standard error
HPAI highly pathogenic avian influenza Tsh Tanzanian shilling; unit of currency
i.e. that is (in other words) US$ United States dollar; unit of currency
I-2 thermotolerant, live, avirulent ND
vaccine
9