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VW-BioV2.tpgs 9/29/03 2:58 PM Page 1 Vietnam War Biographies VW-BioV2.tpgs 9/29/03 2:58 PM Page 3 Volume 2: L–Z Vietnam War Biographies Kevin Hillstrom and Laurie Collier Hillstrom Diane Sawinski, Editor VWBioFM.qxp 7/30/03 1:55 PM Page iv Kevin Hillstrom and Laurie Collier Hillstrom s e i Staff h Diane Sawinski and Allison McNeill, U•X•L Senior Editors p Carol DeKane Nagel,U•X•L Managing Editor a Thomas L. Romig, U•X•L Publisher r g Sarah Tomasek, Permissions Specialist o Randy Bassett, Image Database Supervisor i Robert Duncan, Imaging Specialist B Pamela A. Reed, Image Coordinator Dean Dauphinais, Senior Image Editor : r a Michelle DiMercurio, Senior Art Director W Mary Beth Trimper, Manager, Composition and Electronic Prepress Evi Seoud, Assistant Manager, Composition Purchasing and Electronic Prepress m Rita Wimberley, Senior Buyer Dorothy Maki, Manufacturing Manager a LM Design, Typesetting n t Front cover photographs: Abbie Hoffman (reproduced by permission of e New York Times Co./Archive Photos); Lyndon Johnson with troops (repro- i V duced by permission of Corbis Corporation); Back cover photograph: Ngo Dinh Nhu (reproduced by permission of AP/Wide World Photos). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hillstrom, Kevin, 1963- Vietnam War: biographies/Kevin Hillstrom and Laurie Collier Hillstrom; Diane Sawinski, editor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7876-4884-1 (set) - ISBN 0-7876-4885-X (vol. 1) - ISBN 0-7876-4886-8 (vol. 2) 1. Vietnamese Conflict, 1961-1975-Biography-Juvenile literature. 2. United States-Biography-Juvenile literature. 3. Vietnam-Biography-Juvenile literature. [1. Vietnamese Conflict, 1961-1975-Biography. 2. United States-Biography.] I. Hillstrom, Laurie Collier, 1965- II. Sawinski, Diane M. III. Title. DS557.5 .H55 2001 959.704’3’0922-dc21 [B] 00-056378 This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended. Copyright © 2001 U•X•L, an imprint of The Gale Group All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 VWBioFM.qxp 7/30/03 1:55 PM Page v Contents Reader’s Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Vietnam War Timeline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Words to Know. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv Volume 1: A-K Spiro T. Agnew . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Joan Baez . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Daniel Berrigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 McGeorge Bundy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 William Calley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Ramsey Clark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Richard J. Daley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 David Dellinger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Jeremiah Denton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Daniel Ellsberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Diane Carlson Evans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Bernard Fall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Frances FitzGerald . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Jane Fonda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 v VWBioFM.qxp 7/30/03 1:55 PM Page vi J. William Fulbright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Barry Goldwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 David Halberstam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Tom Hayden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Michael Herr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Ho Chi Minh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Abbie Hoffman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Lyndon B. Johnson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 John F. Kennedy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Robert F. Kennedy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Martin Luther King, Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Henry A. Kissinger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Ron Kovic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 Where to Learn More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xliii Volume 2: L-Z Edward Lansdale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Le Duan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Le Duc Tho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Le Ly Hayslip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 Maya Lin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 Henry Cabot Lodge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Lon Nol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Graham Martin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 John McCain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 George McGovern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Robert McNamara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272 Bobby Muller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Ngo Dinh Diem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 Madame Ngo Dinh Nhu (Tran Le Xuan) . . . . 296 Nguyen Cao Ky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Nguyen Thi Dinh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Nguyen Van Thieu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Richard M. Nixon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Tim O’Brien . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 Tim Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 Pham Van Dong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346 Phan Thi Kim Phuc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352 Pol Pot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 vi Vietnam War: Biographies VWBioFM.qxp 7/30/03 1:55 PM Page vii Dean Rusk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Jan Scruggs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 Neil Sheehan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382 Norodom Sihanouk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 Souvanna Phouma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396 Oliver Stone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 Maxwell Taylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 Lynda Van Devanter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Vo Nguyen Giap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 William Westmoreland . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Where to Learn More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xliii Contents vii VWBioFM.qxp 7/30/03 1:55 PM Page ix Reader’s Guide Vietnam War: Biographies presents biographies of sixty men and women who participated in or were affected by the Vietnam War. These two volumes profile a diverse mix of per- sonalities from both the United States and Vietnam, including politicians, military leaders, antiwar activists, journalists, authors, nurses, veterans, and civilians who got caught in the middle of the conflict. Detailed biographies of major Vietnam War figures (such as Ho Chi Minh, Lyndon B. Johnson, Robert McNamara, Ngo Dinh Diem, and Richard M. Nixon) are included. But Viet- nam War: Biographies also provides biographical information on lesser-known but nonetheless important and fascinating men and women of that era. Examples include Daniel Berri- gan, a Catholic priest who went to prison for burning military draft files as a form of protest against the war; Jeremiah Den- ton, an American prisoner-of-war who blinked the word “tor- ture” in Morse code during a televised interview with his North Vietnamese captors; Tim Page, a daring British combat photographer who produced some of the best known images of the war before being seriously wounded; Phan Thi Kim ix VWBioFM.qxp 7/30/03 1:55 PM Page x Phuc, a nine-year-old Vietnamese girl who was photographed running naked down a country road after suffering terrible burns from a U.S.-ordered napalm attack in her village; and Jan Scruggs, an American veteran who led the drive to create the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. Vietnam War: Biographies also features sidebars con- taining interesting facts, excerpts from memoirs, diaries, and speeches, and short biographies of people who are in some way connected with the leading figures of the era. Within each full-length biography, cross-references direct readers to other individuals profiled in the two-volume set. More than seventy black and white photographs enhance the text. In addition, each volume contains a timeline that lists significant dates and events of the Vietnam War era, a glossary, further readings, and a cumulative subject index. Vietnam War Reference Library Vietnam War: Biographiesis only one component of the three-part U•X•L Vietnam War Reference Library. The other two titles in this set are: • Vietnam War: Almanac: This work presents a comprehen- sive overview of the Vietnam War. The volume’s sixteen chapters cover all aspects of the conflict, from the reasons behind American involvement, to the antiwar protests that rocked the nation, to the fall of Saigon to Communist forces in 1975. The chapters are arranged chronologically and explore such topics as Vietnam’s struggles under French colonial rule, the introduction of U.S. combat troops in 1965, the Tet Offensive, and the lasting impact of the war on both the United States and Vietnam. Inter- spersed are four chapters that cover the growth of the American antiwar movement, the experiences of U.S. sol- diers in Vietnam, Vietnam veterans in American society, and the effect of the war on Vietnam’s land and people. The Almanac also contains “Words to Know” and “People to Know” sections, a timeline, research and activity ideas and a subject index. • Vietnam War: Primary Sources: This title presents thirteen full or excerpted speeches and written works from the Viet- nam War era. The volume includes excerpts from civil x Vietnam War: Biographies VWBioFM.qxp 7/30/03 1:55 PM Page xi rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr.’s 1967 antiwar speech at Riverside Church in New York City; President Richard Nixon’s 1969 “Silent Majority” speech; Le Ly Hayslip’s memoir When Heaven and Earth Changed Places, about growing up in a war-torn Vietnamese village and becom- ing involved with the Viet Cong; and Admiral James Stock- dale’s memoir about his years in a Vietnamese prisoner-of- war camp, In Love and War. Each entry includes an introduction, things to remember while reading the excerpt, information on what happened after the work was published or the event took place, and other interesting facts. Photographs, source information, and an index sup- plement the work. • A cumulative index of all three titles in the U•X•L Vietnam War Reference Library is also available. Acknowledgments The authors extend thanks to U•X•L Senior Editor Diane Sawinski and U•X•L Publisher Tom Romig at the Gale Group for their assistance throughout the production of this series. Comments and Suggestions We welcome your comments on Vietnam War: Biogra- phies and suggestions for other topics in history to consider. Please write: Editors, Vietnam War: Biographies, U•X•L, 27500 Drake Rd., Farmington Hills, Michigan 48331-3535; call toll- free 800-877-4253; fax to 248-414-5043; or send e-mail via http://www.galegroup.com. Reader’s Guide xi VWBioFM.qxp 7/30/03 1:55 PM Page xiii Vietnam War Timeline 1862 Under the Treaty of Saigon, Vietnam gives control of three eastern provinces to France. 1863 France makes Cambodia a French colony. 1883 Under the Treaty of Hue, France expands its control over all of Vietnam. 1887 France turns its holdings in Southeast Asia into one colony, called Indochina. 1893 France makes Laos a French colony. 1930 Ho Chi Minh creates the Indochinese Communist Party to oppose French colonial rule. 1940 Japan occupies Indochina during World War II. 1890 The Battle of Wounded Knee ends the last 1929 1861–65 major Indian resistance Onset of the 1939–45 U.S. Civil to white settlement Great World War in America Depression War II 1860 1900 1940 xiii