VIETNAM AT WAR The History: 1946-1975 Phillip B. Davidson Copyright © 1988 by Phillip B. Davidson Published by Presidio Press 31 Pamaron Way, Novato CA 94949 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, record¬ ing or by any information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Inquiries should be addressed to Presidio Press, 31 Pamaron Way, Novato, CA 94949. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Davidson, Phillip B., 1915— Vietnam at war. Bibliography: p. 819 Includes index. 1. Indochinese War, 1946-1954. 2. Vietnamese Conflict, 1961-1975. 3. Vietnam—History—1945-1975. I. Title. DS553.1.D38 1988 959.704 87-7320 ISBN 0-89141-306-5 Printed in the United States of America Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xi PART I 1 Volcano Under the Snow 3 2 The French Campaign, 1946-1947 35 1952 105 3 The French Campaign, 1948-1949 57 4 Giap’s First Offensive Campaign, 1950 75 5 J1ean9 de L5att3re de T1ass3igny7 95 6 Gia1p’s Gen9eral Co5unteroff3ensive, J anu1ary 19516-May 1 7 Winter-Spring Campaign, September 1952-May 8 The Origins of Dien Bien Phu, 21 May-20 November 1953-13 March 1954 193 9 Dien Bien Phu: Preparations for Battle, 20 November 10 Dien Bien Phu: The Battle, 12 March-7 May 1954 223 11 Dien Bien Phu: A Critique 273 12 Interbella, 1954-1964 283 vii viii VIETNAM AT WAR PART II 13 The Year of Crisis, 1964 311 14 A War That Nobody Wanted, 1965 333 15 William Childs Westmoreland: The Inevitable General 369 16 “Oley’s War,” ‘‘Westy’s War,” and “Nobody’s War,” 1966 387 17 The Best of Years and the Worst of Years, 1967 425 18 The Tet Offensive, 1968 473 19 Decision, Dissent, and Defection, 1968 529 20 General Creighton W. Abrams: One of a Kind 575 21 Nixon’s War: Peace With Honor, 1969 587 22 The Cambodian Raids of 1970 623 23 The Raid Too Far: Lam Son 719, 1971 637 24 Totus Porcus: The Whole Hog, 1972 673 25 An Indecent Interval, 1973-1974 735 26 Defeat, 1975 767 27 Why We Lost the War 795 Glossary 813 Bibliography 819 Index 828