veterinary treatment of sheep and goats

341 Pages·2012·4.55 MB·English

VETERINARY TREATMENT
OF SHEEP AND GOATS
Graham R. Duncanson
Veterinary Treatment of Sheep and Goats
MIX
Paper from
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I would like to dedicate this book to Gordon Duncanson, a Kentish sheep farmer.
He stimulated my interest in farm animals when I was very young, and was all
I could have wished for as a father.
Veterinary Treatment of Sheep and Goats
Dr Graham R. Duncanson BVSc, MSc (VetGP), DProf, FRCVS
Equine and Farm Animal Practitioner,
Private Veterinary Practice, UK
0 bi
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© G.R. Duncanson 2012. All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically,
mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior
permission of the copyright owners.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library,
London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Duncanson, Graham R.
Veterinary treatment of sheep and goats / Graham R. Duncanson.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-78064-003-7 (hbk : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-1-78064-004-4
(pbk. : alk. paper)
I. C.A.B. International. II. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Goat Diseases--therapy. 2. Sheep Diseases--therapy.
3. Goat Diseases--diagnosis. 4. Sheep Diseases--diagnosis. SF 9681
636.3'089758--dc23
2011042625
ISBN-13: 978 1 78064 004 4 (pbk)
ISBN-13: 978 1 78064 003 7 (hbk)
Commissioning editor: Sarah Hulbert
Editorial assistant: Alexandra Lainsbury
Production editor: Fiona Chippendale
Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India.
Printed and bound in the UK by the MPG Books Group.
Contents
Preface vii
Foreword ix
Acknowledgements xi
Glossary xii
Abbreviations xvii
1 Breeds 1
2 Behaviour and Restraint 53
3 Vital Signs and Sample Taking 60
4 Simple Diagnostic Tests 66
5 Veterinary Equipment 71
6 Veterinary Medicines 76
7 Vaccines 94
8 Sedation, Anaesthesia, Surgical Conditions and Euthanasia 103
9 Nutrition and Metabolic Conditions 117
10 Gastroenteric System 127
11 Respiratory and Circulatory System 153
12 Urinary System 165
13 Reproductive System 170
14 Neurological System 204
15 Locomotory System 221
16 Skin Conditions 229
17 Poisons 252
v
vi Contents
18 Sudden Death and Post-mortem Techniques 266
19 Zoonotic Diseases 274
20 Herd and Flock Health Plans 286
References 291
Index 295
Preface
The author hopes this book will be useful to veterinary practitioners throughout the world
who are treating sheep and goats. Obviously there are some differences between wool sheep
and hair sheep, and between dairy goats and meat production goats. These differences will be
noted in the text. Each species will be described separately with cross-references where help-
ful. Sheep will be described first in each chapter, followed by goats. Where common names are
given for plants, these are generally the names that are used in the UK, but some relate to
plants from the USA or Australia.
Veterinary science is evolving at an ever-increasing rate and so some of this information
may be out of date before publication. The author apologizes for this and for any inaccuracies.
He hopes that these can be corrected in future editions and would be very grateful for any
contact from readers via e-mail to [email protected].
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Foreword
The farming of small ruminants, mainly sheep and goats, has been a major part of global agriculture
from the beginning of recorded history. They have become interwoven into our mythologies, our
cultures and the development of our civilizations. These cloven-footed animals are classified
within the Bovidae family in the Subfamily Caprinae. Their progenitors, wild mouflon for sheep
and wild Bezoar for goats, must have roamed untamed in the ancient grasslands more than
9000 years ago. Both must have been more biddable to domestication than the larger cattle species
and would have allowed both women and children to control and nurture them. In many parts of
the world, particularly the developing world, this remains the case today. It is estimated that over
1 billion sheep and 450 million goats are presently farmed. Sheep and goats are closely related but
are separate species; although they often co-graze, they do not naturally cross mate. Over the
years in domestication, a large number of different breeds have evolved and been selected by
livestock owners; many of these reflect the major purpose or the geographical location (sub-tun-
dra to tropical) for which they are needed; these major needs have been wool, meat and milk.
There are more than 200 breeds of both sheep and goats recorded, respectively This wonderful
variation has been central to the culture and pride of many farming communities, with individual
breeds ascribed to the location of their selection, e.g. Devon Longwool sheep and Bagot goats.
However devoted the farmer's selection of individual breeds of these small ruminants has
been over the years, all breeds remain vulnerable, sometimes highly vulnerable, to infectious
and non-infectious diseases. We have come to recognize that viruses, bacteria and parasites are
capable of changing, evolving and emerging themselves and continually presenting new prob-
lems for livestock, the livestock keeper and for his veterinary adviser. The scale of such prob-
lems may be mild and restricted to a local farm or community, e.g. foot rot, while, on the other
hand, they can be of epidemic proportions and of international importance (now referred to as
transboundary diseases); a good example of this is peste des petite ruminants (PPR), a viral
disease of small ruminants that is presently sweeping across sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.
Ted Hughes reminds us, in his splendid poem 'What is the Truth', that lambs are highly
vulnerable to all manner of problems.
The problem about lambs
Is that each lamb
Is a different jigsaw - and each piece
Is a different problem.
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