Veterinary treatment of pigs PDF
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Veterinary Treatment of Pigs I would like to dedicate this book to Alec Dawson MRCVS who was my guide and mentor when I first returned to general practice in the UK in 1975. Although he was in his late sixties he always kept updated and was always prepared to give helpful, friendly advice. I had only been working for him for 4 weeks when he suggested that my knowledge of pig medicine was rather limited. He showed me an advertisement for a two-day pig medicine course advertised in the Veterinary Record. I duly attended at the practice expense. That course and his knowledge were the foundation of my pig practice. I will always remember him with gratitude. Veterinary Treatment of Pigs Graham R. Duncanson Westover Veterinary Centre, UK CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI CABI Nosworthy Way 38 Chauncey Street Wallingford Suite 1002 Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Boston, MA 02111 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 800 552 3083 (toll free) Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Tel: +1 (0)617 395 4051 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org © G.R. Duncanson 2013. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Duncanson, Graham R., author. Veterinary treatment of pigs / Graham R. Duncanson. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-78064-172-0 (alk. paper) I. C.A.B. International, issuing body. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Sus scrofa. 2. Swine Diseases. 3. Animal Husbandry. SF 971] SF996.5 616.02'73--dc23 2013019853 ISBN-13: 978 1 78064 172 0 Commissioning editor: Sarah Hulbert Editorial assistant: Alexandra Lainsbury Production editor: Shankari Wilford Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India Printed and bound in the UK by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY. Contents Acknowledgements vi Abbreviations vii 1 Animal Husbandry 1 2 Nutrition 26 3 Making a Diagnosis and Post-mortem Technique 31 4 Veterinary Equipment 38 5 Vaccines 43 6 Sedation, Analgesia, Anaesthesia and Euthanasia 50 7 Surgical Procedures 55 8 Diseases of the Gastroenteric System 68 9 Diseases of the Respiratory and Circulatory Systems 82 10 Diseases of the Urino-genital System 92 11 Diseases of the Neurological System 104 12 Diseases of the Skin 110 13 Multisystemic Diseases 119 14 Notifiable Diseases 125 15 Poisons and Causes of Sudden Death 131 16 Zoonotic Diseases 141 Appendix: Veterinary Medicines 149 Glossary 161 References 167 Index 169 v Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge the considerable help I have obtained from reading two excellent textbooks while I was writing this book: Pig Diseases (8th edition) by D.J. Taylor (ISBN 0 9506932 7 8) and Handbook of Pig Medicine by Peter G.G. Jackson and Peter D. Cockcroft (ISBN 978 0 7020 2828 1). They have helped considerably to triangulate all the information. I would also like to thank my editor Sarah Hulbert who has been a constant source of advice and encouragement. Finally I would like to thank all my colleagues who have helped me with the pictures, particularly my daughter for all her patience on our numerous travels in search of information. vi Abbreviations AA amino acid ad lib ad libitum, as much as desired AGID agar gel immunodiffusion AI artificial insemination ALP alkaline phosphatase ASF African swine fever AST aspartate aminotransferase BHC benzene hexachloride BSE bovine spongiform encephalopathy CFT complement fixation test CK creatine kinase CNS central nervous system CSF cerebrospinal fluid or classical swine fever DEFRA Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs DON deoxynivalenol DVM Divisional Veterinary Manager EDTA ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay FAT fluorescent antibody test FEC faecal egg count FMD foot and mouth disease GA general anaesthetic GGT γ-glutamyltransferase GI gastrointestinal GLDH glutamate dehydrogenase GnRF/GnRH gonadotrophin-releasing hormone Hb haemoglobin IBR inclusion body rhinitis im intramuscularly ip intraperitoneally iv intravenously MCF malignant catarrhal fever MMA mastitis, metritis, agalactia syndrome vii viii Abbreviations NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug OBF Officially Brucellosis Free OIE Office International des Epizooties Ov-HV2 ovine herpes type 2 virus PCMV porcine cytomegalovirus infection PCR polymerase chain reaction PCV packed cell volume PCV-2 porcine circovirus type 2 PDNS porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome PE proliferative enteropathy PEARS porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome PED porcine epidemic diarrhoea PGF prostaglandin F 2α 2α PHE proliferative haemorrhagic enteropathy PIA porcine intestinal adenomatosis complex PME post-mortem examination PMSG pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin PMWS post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome po per os, orally PPV porcine parvovirus PRRS porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome PSS porcine stress syndrome RAPD PCR random amplification of polymorphic DNA–PCR RBC red blood cell RBPT Rose Bengal plate test RNA ribonucleic acid RT-PCR reverse transcriptase PCR SAC South American camelid sc subcutaneously SF swine fever SG specific gravity SIV swine influenza virus SMEDI stillbirths, mummification, embryonic deaths and infertility SOP Standard Operating Procedure SVD swine vesicular disease TAT tetanus antiserum TGE transmissible gastroenteritis TTV torque teno virus VO Veterinary Officer VTEC verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli WBC white blood cell WFSI weaning to fertile service interval WOI weaning to oestrus interval 1 Animal Husbandry The Origins of the Domestic Pig Breeds of Pig These are confused as the traditional view Aksai Black Pied was that the pig was domesticated in South- east Asia and then was brought westwards This large breed of pig with its distinctive black to Central Asia and on to Europe. There is and white colouring originates from Kazakhstan. some genetic evidence that domestication occurred also in Eastern Europe and there may well have been some crossing of early Arapawa Island domestic pigs. Certainly the European wild boar (Sus scrofu) was involved in the 4th mil- These small pigs from New Zealand probably lennium BC in Europe (Fig. 1.1). Equally, are descended from pigs allowed to become there is evidence of domestication 9000 years feral, having been released by Captain Cook. ago in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam. By ref- They are pigs with a light body, normally sandy erencing the pig genome some authors with black spots. They do not have wattles. (Groenen et al., 2012) have discovered that there was a deep phylogenetic split between European and Asian wild boars around one Auckland Island Pig million years ago, substantiating the hypoth- esis that pigs were independently domesti- This small breed of pig from the North Island cated in western Eurasia and East Asia. The of New Zealand is black or black and tan in pig has become part of the culture of South- colour. east Asia (Fig. 1.2). The pig is a forest animal (Fig. 1.3). It does not lend itself to being driven like cattle, Ba Xuyen sheep and goats and so its domestication will have been delayed until man had a more sed- These pigs are derived from crossing Berkshire entary existence. pigs and Chinese pigs from the Mekong Delta. ©G.R. Duncanson 2013. Veterinary Treatment of Pigs (G.R. Duncanson) 1
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