veterinary helminthology ani entomology

448 Pages·2013·11.8 MB·English

VETERINARY HELMINTHOLOGY ANI
-,
ENTOMOLOGY
r'
"I.J
This book is protected under the Berne
Convention. It may not be reproduced
by any means in whole or in part with
out permission. Application with regard
to reproduction should be addressed to
the Publishers.
PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN
VETE'RIN
ARY
HELMINTHOLOG)
i\ND ENTOMOLOG1
THE DISEASES OF DOMESTICATED
ANIMALS CAUSED BY HELMINTH
AND ARTHROPOD PARASITES
BY
H. O. MONNIG~ B.A.~ DR.PHIL., B.V.Sc.
GENERAL MANAGER OF AGRICURA LABORATORIA, LTD.
FORMERLY PROFESSOR OF PARASITOLOGY, FACULTY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE,
UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA, AND VETERINARY RESEARCH OFFICER,
ONDERSTEPOORT, SOUTH AFRICA
mIRD ED-_I TION
\.~ - . ~ . ..:,..__
~~~Ah~
"'AU CBNTRAL
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Ace: He; i51~~
Date: 10. I . ~ LONDON
\
BAILLIERE, TINDALL AND COX
7 AND 8, HENRIETTA STREET, LONDON, W.C.2
1950 (Reprinted)
First Edition 1934
Reprinted 1936
S;~ond Edition 1938
Reprinted 1941
Reprinted 1945
Third Edition 1947
Reprinted 1948
Reprinted 1950
~(l
Ube flDemor}] of
SIR ARNOLD THEILER
.'
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION
A FURTHER edition has been long overdue on account of much pn
in veterinary parasitology, but was impossible to produce durin.
recent years of turmoil.
Numerous large and small alterations and additions have been
to the text and some new illustrations added. Of the latter the
important are plates of worm eggs of the different domestic animals ~
I trust, will be of considerable practical value. In order to con
these egg-plates the co-operation of colleagues in various countrie
to be sought and I, as well as users of this book, owe them our ,pprec
for their kind and willing assistance.
H. O. Mom
PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA,
January, 1947.
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
SINCE the publication of Neumann's" Parasites and Parasitic Disea
of Domesticated Animals" in I 892 no textbook that deals adeq uat
with the helminth and arthropod diseases of domesticated animals 1
appeared, although great progress in this subject can be record
Several very useful books have been written on the morphology
helminth and arthropod parasites, but the parasitic diseases with wh
the veterinarian is primarily concerned, and of which the parasites ;
only the <etiological factors, have received very little comideration.
During several years of teaching in these subjects the author has j
the great need of a suitable book for veterinary students and practitioll(
and the pn~sent volume represents an attempt to supply that need.
the same time he hopes that this compilation of practical facts will sel
to bring about a realisation of the importance of veterinary parasitolo)
which is still underrated in many quarters, and that the veterim
student should receive a more adequate training in it.
It has not been the intention to present a complete manual, in whi
the information required by the veterinarian is buried in a m't's of det,
but to give in a scientific way the most important practical facts
the subject. Many known parasites of domesticated animals are r
mentioned because they are rarely seen or because little is known abc
their pathogenicity. It has naturally been difficult to draw the Ii
here, as well as between the hosts themselves. On the whole an attem
has been made to include the important parasites of all the importa
domesticated animals of all countries. The parasitic diseases of the fl
bearing animals have also been included, because this branch of livesto
farming has assumed an importance that deserves the full attention
the veterinarian. If any important parasites of these ?nimals have be
omitted, it is only because discrimination oIl the subject is difficult
the present stage of our knowledge.
Original drawings have been made as far as possible artd numero
measurements and morphological features have been checked on suital
material. Several textbooks, particularly" A Manual of Helmintholog
Medical and Veterinary," by Baylis, and the" Medical Entomology"
Patton and Cragg, have been freely consulted for morphological data. .
ix
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
...t pleasant duty to express my indebtedness to a number of colleagues in
lriOUS countries for supplying me with certain specimens and information.
mong these must be mentioned particularly the Imperial Bureau of
~ricultural Parasitology, Professors R. T. Leiper, C. Sprehn, and W.
mer, Dr. P. A. Maplestone and Mr. G. B. Purvis. My best thanks
: also due to several authors and publishers for allowing me to use
ir illustrations, to Messrs. C. G. Walker and A. B. M. Whitnall for
king the drawings marked with their initials, to my wife for much
stance in various ways, and to the publishers for their excellent
lagement and careful execution of the presswork. '
H. O. MONNIG.
WERSTEPOORT, SOUTH AFRICA •
. June, 1934.
CONTENTS
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
INTRODUCTION
SECTION I
GENERAL
I • PARASITISM AND OTHER FORMS OF LIFE
2. TYPES OF PARASITIC RELATIONS
3. PATHOGENICITY AND PATHOGENIC EFFECTS
4. HOST AND ORGAN SPECIFICITY
5. RESISTANCE AND IMMUNITY
6. EFFECT OF PARASITIC LIFE ON THE PARASITE
7. EPIZOOTOLOGY
8. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
9. HISTORICAL
SECTION II
TECHNIQUE
COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION OF HELMINTHS
COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION OF ARTHROPOD PARASITES
MAKING OF PERMANENT PREPARATIONS
CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC METHODS
I. THE OUTSIDE OF THE BODY
2. EXCRETIONS
FA:CES: (a) THE DIRECT SMEAR; (b) CONCENTRATION METHODS, THE
WILLIS TECHNIQUE, CENTRIFUGAL FLOTATION; (c) EGG-COUNTING
TECHNIQUE; (d) FA:CES CULTURES
3. BLOOD EXAMINATION FOR LARVA:
4. ALLERGIC REACTIONS
(i.) INTRADERMAL REACTIONS; (ii.) COMPLEMENT FIXATION; (iii.) PRE-
CIPITIN REACTION 2
SECTION III
HELMINTH PARASITES
CLASSIFICATION
PHYLUM PLATHELMINTHES 31
CLASS TREMATODA - ~
DEFINITION-MoRPHOLOGy-DEVELOPMENT - 2
..--:::" "" v/
Family DlCROCCELIIDA:: Dicrocrelium-Platynosomum-Eurytrema ~
" Family OPISTORCHIIDA:: Opistorchis-Pseudamphistomum
xi
CONTENTS
PAGE!
SCIOLlD.IE: Fasciola~ascioloides-Fasciolopsis 45-54
\// ~
:JHlNOSTOMATIDAl: Echinostoma-Echinoparyphium-Hypo-
m-Echinochasmus-Euparyphium 54-59
;TEROPHY1D.IE: Heterophyes-Metagonimus-Euryhelmis 59-62
AOIORCHIDAl: Prosthogonimus <----<'" 62-65
tTOCOTYLIDlE: Notocotylus-Catatropis-Cymbiforma 65-66
:ACHVL.lEMm.IE: Brachylremus 66
,"'
OGLOTREMATIDAl: Paragonimus-Collyric1um-Troglotrema 67-72
'cLOCmUDAl: Typhlocrelum-Hyptiasmus 72-73
,RAMPHISTOMIDAl: paramphistomv umV _C..-otylophorO, If-"G" astro\_-..---
-Fischrederius-Carmyerius-Gastrodiscus .'< 73-78
RICEIDAl: AjJatemon-Parastrigea-Cotylurus - - 78-80
-.../
IIISTOSOMATIDAl: Schistosoma-Ornitho bilharzia-Bilharziella 80-87
STODA 87-130
110RPHOLOCy-DEVELOPMENT - 87-91
'HYLLOBOTHRIIDAl: Diphyllobothrium-Sparganum 91-94
LOPHYLLIDEA V 94-13°
;SOCESTOIDIDAl: Mesocestoides-Dithyridium - '\. 94-95
!OPLOCEPHALIDAl: AnoplocYphala-paranoplocephala-Moni-'--"
Cittotrenia-~iteIlina-Stiles'n(-Thysanosoma-Thysani-
- - - - -I_../" - - 95-102
<\VAINEIDAl: Davainea~llietie::cotUgnia-HouttUynia 102-106
fLEPIDIDAl: Amrebotrema-Choanotrenia. Txniasis in poultry.
,dium.Txniasis in dogs and cats. JoyeuxieUa-Diplopylidium
liasthes - L/" - 106-1 12
YMENOLEPIDIDAl: Hymenolepis-Fimbriaria 1111-114
4':NIIDAl: TamTa-Echinococcus l./'_ 114-130
JI
m,MAT HELMINTHES
gMATODA
.MORPHOLOGY-~EVELOPMENT-CLASSIFICATION 130-135
:AROIDEA ~ - - _ _ 135-155
,SCARIDAl: Ascaris-Toxascaris-Toxocara. Ascariasis in dogs,
nd fur-bearing animals. Aniskinre: Porrocrecum 136-145
lE'l'ERAKIDAl: Heterakis-Ascaridia-Subulura 145-150
; WHLANIID.IE: Pro bstmayria ISO
)XYURIIDAl: Oxyuris-Passalurus-Skrjabinema 150- 152
tHA.BDITIDAl: Rhabditis-Strongyloides 152- 155
CHINELLOIDEA;; - - - _ 155-163
'RICHINELLlDAl: Triclilnella - Trichuris - Capillaria 156-163