Page iii Veterinary Acupuncture Alan M. Klide, VMD. Shiu H. Kung, Ph.D. Page iv Copyright © 1977 by ALAN M. KLIDE and SHIU H. KUNG All rights reserved PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Pages 8187, 22425, and 23031 from Compendium of Veterinary and Human Acupuncture. Copyright © 1975 by the National Association for Veterinary Acupuncture. Reprinted with permission of the publisher. Pages 118119 from Cat Catalog, edited by Judy Fireman. Copyright © 1976 by Workman Publishing, New York, N.Y. Reprinted with permission of the publisher. Fig. 226 copyright © 1974 by the American Journal of Chinese Medicine. Figs. 38 to 310 copyright © 1974 by the International Acupuncture Research Society. Fig. 311 copyright © 1976 by the American Journal of Acupuncture. Figs. 373 to 378 copyright © 1975 by Andy Shores. Figs. 3108 to 3116 copyright © 1975 by the National Association for Veterinary Acupuncture. Figs. 61 to 64 copyright © 1974 by Charles C Thomas, Publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Klide, Alan M Veterinary acupuncture. Includes index. 1. Acupuncture, Veterinary. I. Kung, Shiu H., 1939 joint author. II. Title. SF914.5.K58 636.089'5'892 7722703 ISBN 081227721X Fifth printing 1993 Page v DEDICATED TO Folly* Charlie (Abracadabra)** Donna*** whose responses to acupuncture therapy provided continual amazement and stimulation during the writing of this book. * Labrador Retriever ** Thoroughbred *** Morgan Page vii Contents Acknowledgments xi Foreword xiii Introduction xv 1. Basic Principles of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine 1 YinYang Theory 1 Tsang and Fu Organs 2 Tsang Organs 3 Fu Organs 6 Theory of Five Elements 9 Characteristics 9 Mutual Regulation 10 Relationship with YinYang Theory 10 Acupuncture Points and the Meridian Theory 16 Structure of Ching Lo 17 Application of Ching Lo Theory to Diagnosis 17 Application of Ching Lo Theory to Therapy 17 Classification and Nomenclature of Ching Lo or Meridians 18 2. Acupuncture Techniques and Equipment 21 Methods of Stimulation of Acupuncture Points 21 Chinese Veterinary Needle Acupuncture 22 Modern Needle Acupuncture 35 Bleeding 35 Injection 36 Implantation 36 Pressure 36 Acoustic Energy 36 Electromagnetic Energy 36 Electroacupuncture 36 Moxibustion 40 Ryodoraku 42 Regional Acupuncture Therapy 45 Ancillary Drug Administration 55 Importation of Foreign Equipment 55 Appendix: Instruction Guides for Electrical Acupuncture Stimulators 57 3. Animal Acupuncture Points 67 Determining the Location 68 Anatomic Transposition 68 Published Charts 68 Electric Pointfinding 69 Provocation 69 Acupuncture Points in Large Animals 69 Horse 69 Sobin Horse Model 69 Ottaviano 81 Shin 82 Chinese Veterinary Handbook 88 Cattle—Chinese Veterinary Handbook 96 Pig—Chinese Veterinary Handbook 100 Goat—Chinese Veterinary Handbook 106 Camel—Chinese Veterinary Handbook 110 Page viii Acupuncture Points in Small Animals 112 Dog 112 Cat 118 Figures to Chapter 3 120 4. Acupuncture Therapy 211 Choosing Points 211 Local Painful Points 211 Distant Painful Points 212 Chinese Method 212 Acupuncture Prescriptions 212 All Species—Chen 212 Horse 212 Chinese Veterinary Handbook 212 Shin 212 Pig—Chinese Veterinary Handbook 225 Dog 229 Milin 229 Shin 230 Quotations, Abstracts, and Case Reports 231 Large Animals 231 Small Animals 238 5. The Physiology of Acupuncture 249 Phenomena of Te Ch'i 250 Relationship of Specific Meridians to Specific Organs 251 Biochemical Responses 251 Location of Acupuncture Points 252 6. Acupuncture Analgesia 255 Experimental Results 255 Use of Acupuncture Analgesia in China 259 Electroacupuncture Analgesia using the San Yan Lo Points 259 Veterinary Electroacupuncture Machine Circuit Diagram and Technical 263 Characteristics Horse and Donkey Ear Acupuncture Anesthesia 265 Structure of the Ear 265 Location of the Auricular Acupuncture Points 267 Procedures for Acupuncture Analgesia 268 Methods of Needle Insertion 270 Electrical Stimulation 270 Restraint 270 Assessment of Results 270 A Case History 270 Acupuncture Anesthesia in Various Animals 270 Horse 270 Cattle 271 Dog 271 Acupuncture Analgesia in Man 273 7. The Present Status of Veterinary Acupuncture in the United States and 277 Canada 8. The History of Veterinary Acupuncture 281 Prehistoric Chinese Veterinary Medicine 281 Ancient Chinese Veterinary Medicine 281 Modern Development of Chinese Veterinary Medicine 284 Veterinary Acupuncture Outside China 286 Japan and Korea 286 France 287 Austria 288 Great Britain 289 United States and Canada 290 Index 295 Page ix Tables 11. The Five Categories in Nature and Living Beings 3 21. Techniques for Tonifying and Sedating Acupuncture Points 22 22. 15Needle Chinese Veterinary Acupuncture Set 25 23. 18Needle Chinese Veterinary Acupuncture Set 25 24. 20Needle Chinese Veterinary Acupuncture Set 25 25. Manufacturers of Acupuncture Needles 32 26. Gauge versus Diameter of Hollow and Solid Wire Needles 35 27. Electrical Conversions 36 28. Chinese Auriculotherapy Points 49 29. Prescriptions for Auriculotherapy 53 61. Effectiveness of Electroacupuncture Analgesia Utilizing the San Yan Lo 259 Points 62. Acupuncture Analgesia of the Udder Teat of the Cow 272 71. Totals, by State, of IVAS Certified Individuals 280 Page xi Acknowledgments I would like to thank the people and animals who helped during my acupuncture studies and the writing of this book: Carolyn Arnold, who worked laboriously to transfer my handwritten cryptic notes to typed manuscript. Art Siegel, who transformed sketches and illustrations to finished photographs; All of the people who graciously allowed the use of their various materials: S.H. Chen, O. Kothbauer, T. Matsumoto, M. Okada, T. Okada, A. Shores, J.M. Sobin, E.C. Wong, and H.G. Young; The National Association for Veterinary Acupuncture: R.E. Glassberg, J. Ottaviano, S.H. Shin, and H.E. Warner. The McCabe Research Fund, which provided funds for my acupuncture research; All of the companies who permitted the use of their material: Ack Laboratories, Inc.; American Journal of Chinese Medicine; Brethren Corporation; B.X.&L. Industries, Inc.; East Wind Medical Instruments Company, Ltd.; Intertronic Systems, Ltd.; Nikka Overseas Agency, Ltd.; Professional Medical Distributors, Inc.; Sobin Chemicals, Inc.; WrightOkada, Inc.; The University of Pennsylvania Press for their willingness to undertake this project; Janice Heald for her remarkable assistance in locating obscure references from all over the world and printed during two centuries; The International Veterinary Acupuncture Society and its members whose case reports were used: R. Buchli, M.J. Cain, M. Chaney, D. Darlington, W.J. Davis, J. Finkelstein, G. Fox, J.A. Garon, L. Gideon, W. Grogen, W.J. Hankins, R.M. Heath, G.R. Holt, R.A. Jaeger, D.H. Jaggar, D.K. Johnson, H.R. Johnson, J. Landholm, S.L. Maas, S.C. Miller, M.S. Newman, G.A. Petkus, J.A. Purvis, R.F. Reichard, S. Stern, W.R. West, B.J. Woodruff, H.G. Young, J.P. Young, Jr.; J. Beech, L. Cushing, D. Freeman, D. Koch, M. MackaySmith, D. Marks, W. Moyer, and C.W. Raker for their help with clinical cases; C. Baetjer, J. Kritchevsky, and J. Sherman for their help with my acupuncture projects; R. Cimprich, K. Homer, and E. Ledyard for their confidence and interest; "MoDaddy", "Junior" and "Snow" for their patience and understanding during my early probings. ALAN M. KLIDE I would like to acknowledge the assistance of the following people: 1) Martin Cummings, MD, Director of the National Library of Medicine for permission to make the collection of the library available; 2) Ms. Mary E. Corning, Assistant Director for the International Program of the Library of Medicine for arrangements with other libraries where there are collections; 3) Mr. Lawrence Black, Chief Librarian of the Institute of Basic Research in Mental Retardation for help in literature search; 4) Ms. Anna Krauthammer for editorial assistance; 5) Vivian Cheng, MD, Wai Y. Kwok, DCM (Doctor of Chinese Medicine, China), and Kun, C. Lem, DMV (China), for discussion during the preparation of the manuscript. SHIU H. KUNG Page xiii Foreword Acupuncture, in the mind of the American public has always been accompanied by a certain mystique. What is acupuncture all about? What does it do? If it is effective as stated why do not more physicians and veterinarians in the United States routinely employ acupuncture? These and many similar questions have arisen in the minds of the American public, especially since the visits to China beginning this decade by western scientists, physicians, and high officials in the government. Acupuncture in the United States is now receiving serious attention as evidenced by the development of National and International organizations of acupuncture, both of which are headquartered in the United States, the presentation of many seminars and short courses on the subject, and the appearance of numerous scientific publications. This text by Drs. Klide and Kung reviews in depth the ancient Chinese art of acupuncture and explores and describes the theories upon which the therapy is based. The YinYang and the Meridian Theories, wherein all organ systems and tissues are defined and classified, are two of the most significant theories upon which acupuncture is based. Dr. Shiu H. Kung is a scientist and a scholar of the classics of traditional Chinese medicine, including acupuncture. His collaborator, Dr. Alan M. Klide, Associate Professor and Chief, Section of Anesthesia, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, has an intense interest in acupuncture both as a form of anesthesia for surgical procedures and for the relief of signs of disease. The training and experience of the two coauthors compliment each other, resulting in an interesting and useful text on veterinary acupuncture. Reading through the text gave me the opportunity to begin an understanding of the history of the Chinese art and science of acupuncture. This review was interesting and useful as an introduction to this method of therapy. The indepth information on the physiologic action and effects of acupuncture helps prepare the reader for a first attempt at clinical application. The application of the principles of acupuncture depend upon an accurate and indepth knowledge of the designated acupuncture points as determined for each species of animal and man. In veterinary medicine these have been worked out well for some species, but are incomplete in others. The text summarizes and supplies all available information, especially graphic in the many figures. Activation of these points is said to restore a more normal balance of action and interaction between tissues and organs leading to a relief of signs of disease. Several techniques by which acupuncture is applied are described, such as the insertion and manipulation of needles, supplementation by stimulation with electric current, and the use by some acupuncturists of heat or fire. To effectively accomplish the various forms of acupuncture, sources of equipment and their use is covered in detail. The authors have compiled an impressive number of case reports that illustrate the use and effects of acupuncture in veterinary medicine. As a colleague Page xiv of Dr. Klide, I have had the opportunity to observe the application of acupuncture to some of my equine patients. My experience has stimulated an interest in acupuncture as some of my patients have shown marked clinical improvement. I am also aware of other horses with clinical signs of chronic pain that were relieved and restored to a state of usefulness following acupuncture therapy. On the basis of this knowledge and experience, I anticipate that in time acupuncture will prove useful in the management of some diseases of our animal population. Acupuncture alone or in combination with western medicine should improve our ability to manage disease, reduce suffering, and restore the animal to a state of health. From my observations, chronic pain seems to be one of the areas in which acupuncture holds great promise as effective therapy. This book will serve as a very useful source of information for veterinarians and other qualified persons who now employ acupuncture as a method of therapy as well as for those who contemplate doing so in the future. To better understand the merits and applicability of acupuncture, and to remove it from the area of mystique to one based upon sound medical principles, extensive research must be done. In general, the basic Chinese work lacks scientific control as we know it in the western world. Controlled studies are now in progress, and additional ones will be required for scientific documentation. Clinical results and experiences strongly support some of the basic Chinese claims. Acupuncture should not be thought of as a "cureall," but rather as a method of treatment of disease that may supplement and on occasion replace western medicine to improve our ability to render effective therapy. As additional information becomes available through research and experience, it should be possible to develop a definite set of guidelines with indications and contraindications for the application of acupuncture. Drs. Klide and Kung are to be complimented for the preparation of this useful and interesting textbook. CHARLES W. RAKER, V.M.D. LAWRENCE BAKER SHEPPARD PROFESSOR OF SURGERY
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