Very High Angular Resolution Imaging: Proceedings of the 158th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, held at the Women’s College, University of Sydney, Australia, 11–15 January 1993

505 Pages·1994·23.802 MB·English

by  Colin R. Masson (auth.), J. G. Robertson, W. J. Tango (eds.)

VERY mGH ANGULAR RESOLUTION IMAGING
cover picture: Response of the fringe tracker servo of
the Sydney University Stellar Interferometer to an input sine wave modulation.
The Figure shows the measured delay in fringe position as it changes with time.
(Courtesy of P.R. Lawson and AJ. Booth, University of Sydney.)
INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION
UNION ASTRONOMIQUEINTERNATIONALE
VERY HIGH ANGULAR
RESOLUTION IMAGING
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 158TH SYMPOSIUM OF THE
INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION,
HELD AT THE WOMEN' S COLLEGE, UNiVERSITY OF SYDNEY,
AUSTRALlA, 11-15 JANUARY 1993
EDITED BY
l.G. ROBERTSON
00'
WJ. TANGO
5chool 0/ Physicl. Univl'rJity ofSydn~y.
New SOlIli! Wales. Aus/ra/ia
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.Y.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
InternatIonal Astronomleal UnIon. SymposIum (158th : 1993 : Women's
College, Unlverslty of Sydney, Australlal
Very hIgh angular resolutIon Imaglng : proeeedlngs of the 158th
SymposIum of the InternatIonal Astronomleal UnIon held at the
WONen's College, Unlverslty of Sydney, Australla, 11-15 January 1993
I edlted by J.G. Robert$on and W.J. Tango.
p. em.
Co-sponsored by the InternatIonal UnIon for RadIo Selenee.
Ineludes Index.
ISBN 978-0-7923-2633-5 ISBN 978-94-011-0880-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-0880-5
1. Imaglng systems In astronomy--Congresses. 2. ResolutIon
(Optlesl--Congresses. 3. Interferometry--Congresses.
4. Algorlthls--Congresses. I. Robertson, J. G. 11. Tango, Wllllan
J. 111. InternatIonal UnIon for RadIo Selenee. IV. Tltle.
CB51.3.I45I48 1993
522' .2--de20 93-23849
ISBN 978-0-7923-2633-5
Published on behalf of
the International Astronomical Union
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© I 994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1994
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1994
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying,
recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission
from the publisher.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface Xl
Symposium Organizers and Sponsors
Xll
List of Participants
Xlll
Radio/Optical comparisons
C R Masson Seeing [invited] 1
R Nityananda Comparing optical and radio - quantum issues 11
[invited]
Transfer of Techniques
C H Townes et al. Heterodyne interferometry in the infrared [invited] 19
J M Moran The SAO submillimeter wavelength array [invited] 27
T J Cornwell Imaging techniques: Limitations to the quality of 37
images [invited]
C H Townes Surprise and sociology in multi-disciplinary sciences 47
[public lecture]
Imaging Techniques
R J Hanisch & HST image restoration: current capabilities and 61
R L White future prospects [invited]
A Richichi Lunar occultations: from past to future achievements 71
{invited]
M Tallon & Beam combination for wide field imaging [invited] 83
I Tallon-Bosc
D F Buscher Direct maximum-entropy image reconstruction 91
from the bispectrum
A A Deshpande Source-noise in radio synthesis images of polarized 95
sources
M A Holdaway Phase calibration of the proposed millimeter array 101
A J Beasley et al. VLBA phase-referencing 105
Radio Array Instruments
RA Perley Radio arrays - mm to meters {invited] 109
P J Napier The Very Long Baseline Array {invited] 117
vi
P J Diamond & Recent results from the VLBA 125
A J Beasley
TWBMuxlow MERLIN - A phase-stable 'VLBI' array 128
"The SHEVE Team" The Southern Hemisphere VLBI Experiment 131
program, SHEVE
Optical and Infrared Interferometers and Arrays
J Davis The Sydney University Stellar Interferometer 135
(SUSI) {invited}
T R Bedding et al. The VLT Interferometer {invited} 143
R S Simon The Big Optical Array {invited} 151
I Tallon-Bosc et at. Progress on GI2T 155
G C Cox The COAST interferometer 163
E K Hege et at. An adaptive steerable imaging array 167
J Y Xu & Z M Wang CIRor project 171
Instrumentation and Techniques
N M Elias & The baseline metrology system of the USNO 174
D J Hutter astrometric interferometer
D Mozurkewich Design and construction of a beam combiner and 177
related hardware
R A Minard et al. An overview of the SUSI control system 181
P R Lawson & The fringe tracking servo in SUSI 184
A J Booth
N Ageorges et al. Motion of the delay lines of an optical interferometer 187
when reconstructing an image by redundant spacing
calibration
B Hines et at. The micro-precision interferometer testbed 193
instrument design
J-L Monin et al. Phase and image reconstruction from pupil-plane 197
observations in the near infrared: integration of the
phasors
N Shapirovskaya et al. Radio source variability as a tool for very high 201
resolution
Imaging Theory
F Tsumuraya et al. Iterative blind deconvolution method with use of 205
Lucy's algorithm: application to IR speckle data
E Thiebaut Speckle imaging with the bispectrum and without 209
reference star
vii
D S Briggs & CLEAN/MEM deconvolution errors: semicompact 212
T J Cornwell sources
AT Bajkova Generalized versus classical maximum entropy for 215
imaging
D Fraser & B R Hunt Super-resolution by phase-gradient unravelling 218
G Thorpe & D Fraser Restoration over fields of view wider than the 221
isoplanatic patch
M .H rynevych Differential diffraction in Michelson stellar 224
interferometry
Impact of Technology I: Radio and Millimeter Waves
A C Young Optical fibres in radioastronomy [invited} 227
M Ishiguro Recent developments in mm and sub-mm 235
interferometry {invited}
R A Perley et al. High resolution radio source maps at 73.8 MHz 243
R P Norris AIPS++: A new astronomical imaging package 247
[invited}
Impact of Technology II: Optical and Infrared
M Bester et al. Latest technical developments at the infrared spatial 257
interferometer
v
Coude du Foresto Integrated optics in astronomical interferometry 261
[invited}
Adaptive Optics and Seeing
F Roddier Adaptive optics: performance and limitations 273
{invited}
S S Olivier & C E Max Laser guide star adaptive optics: present and future 283
{invited}
R Q Fugate Laser guide star adaptive optics on the 1.5 m 293
telescope at the Starfire Optical Range
J Nishikawa et al. Minimum redundant aperture masking 296
interferometry with tip-tilt wavefront correction
W Livingston et al. Observations of seeing at 0.5 and 12.4Jlm 299
T A ten Brummelaar Preliminary seeing measurements for SUSI 302
et al.
R W Wilson & Aspects of the theoretical performance of modal 305
C R Jenkins adaptive optics
D W Tyler & G C Loos Simulation study of a low-light-level wavefront sensor 308
driving a low-order, near-IR adaptive optics system
viii
Aperture Distributions
M Shao Fringe visibility and phase measurements [invited} 311
C A Haniff Speckle vs non-redundant masking {invited} 317
T R Bedding et al. MAPPIT: optical interferometry with 327
non-redundant masks
R G Marson Optimal linear arrays for wide bandwidths 331
V Migenes et al. High resolution and high sensitivity spectral-line 334
imaging with multiple arrays
Imaging Results: Radio and Millimeter Waves
R C Jennison High resolution imaging forty years ago 337
B Anderson & Results with the extended MERLIN 343
R D Davies
P Qiu et al. High resolution image reconstruction at Yunnan 346
Observatory
W C Erickson et at. High resolution imaging at mm-wavelengths with the 349
Hat Creek Array
X Zhang & Y Zheng Miyun 232 MHz survey and some new imaging 352
techniques
D A Forbes et al. Compact array mapping of the nuclear starburst in 355
NGC 7552
R Beck et al. ATCA radio polarization observations of NGC 1566 358
and NGC 1672
A Kukushkin Fluctuations of polarized radiation in a random 361
magnetoplasma
B Stecklum et al. High angular resolution observations of Her 36 364
P N Wilkinson et al. The Caltech-Jodrell Bank (CJ) VLBI snapshot 367
surveys
Imaging Results: Optical and Infrared
S R Restaino et al. First experimental results from pupil masking on a 370
solar telescope
T Reinheimer et al. Optical interferometry in the multi-speckle mode 373
T Chandrasekhar et al. Near infrared high angular resolution observations 376
of stars and circumstellar regions by the technique
of lunar occultations
A Eckart et al. Diffraction-limited near infrared imaging of the 379
central parsec of the Galaxy
W C Danchi et al. Long baseline interferometric observations of 383
circumstellar dust shells at 11 microns
ix
J-L Monin et al. High angular resolution observations of protostellar 387
disks
E Thiebaut et at. The extended Ho: component of T Tau 391
P G Tuthill et al. An interferometric survey of Mira variables and M 395
supergiants
C R de Boer & F Kneer Speckle observations of solar granulation 398
C R O'Dell & X Hu Comparison of HST and VLA images at 0.1" of the 401
Orion nebula
D A Forbes et al. An HR diagram for the LMC from the medium deep 404
survey
A Quirrenbach Stellar diameters, limb darkening, extended 407
atmospheres and shells: observations with the
Mark III Inteferometer
C A Hummel & Mark III Interferometer: milliarcsec "visual" orbits 410
J T Armstrong of spectroscopic binaries
X Pan et al. High resolution interferometric observations 413
of eclipsing binary stars
A Richichi et al. Lunar occultations of young stellar objects in the 416
Taurus and Ophiuchus star forming regions
C M de Vos et al. Pupil plane interferometry: some conclusions from 419
SCASIS
t
R Bontekoe & HIRAS: high-resolution IRAS images 422
D Kester
Astrometry
K J Johnston The present status of astrometry at optical and radio 423
wavelengths [invited, presented by G Westerhout]
D J Hutter The USNO Astrometric Interferometer [invited] 427
J E Reynolds VLBI astrometry {invited] 437
J M Marcaide & High precision differential astrometry in large 445
J C Guirado angular separation pairs of radiosources
C A Hummel Five years of stellar position measurements with the 448
Mark III optical interferometer
Frontier Techniques
R L Webster Imaging with a gravitational lens {invited] 451
DO Muhleman et al. Radar imaging of the planets using the Very Large 457
Array [invited}