Verlag Ferdinand Berger, Horn/Austria An International Journal of Mycology

40 Pages·2016·2.06 MB·English

Sydowia
An International Journal of Mycology
Volume 68 Issued September 30 2016
Hüseyin e. & selçuk F. Ma J.
Pileolaria azerii (Uredinales), a new rust species Sporidesmiella guangdongensis and S. jiangxien-
from Turkey .............................................................. 1 sis spp. nov. on dead branches from southern
yanez-Montalvo a.F., sáncHez J.e., vazquez-DuHalt China ........................................................................ 113
R., cRuz-lopez l. & calixto-RoMo M.a.
Degradation of endosulfan by strains of Auricu- MesHRaM v., kapooR n. & saxena s.
Endophytic Fusarium isolates from Aegle marme-
laria fuscosuccinea .................................................. 7
los in Western Ghats of India and their fibrino-
Dai D.q., BaHkali a.H., aRiyawansa H.a., li w.J., BHat
lytic ability ............................................................... 119
D.J. & HyDe k.D.
Neokalmusia didymospora (Didymosphaeriaceae), eBRaHiMi l. & FotouHiFaR kH.-B.
a new species from bamboo .................................... 17 First report of Cyphellophora fusarioides (Chae-
awastHi n., singH R. & kuMaR s. tothyriales) on a plant host ..................................... 131
A new species of Pseudocercosporella on Androg-
raphis paniculata from Central India .................... 27 García-laViña c.X., bettucci l. & tiscornia s.
sousa M.a.c., zieD D.c., MaRques s.c., RinkeR D.l., Fungal communities associated with Eugenia
alM g. & Dias e.s. uruguayensis (Myrtaceae) leaf litter in early
Yield and enzyme activity of different strains of stages of decomposition in Uruguay ...................... 139
almond mushroom in two cultivation systems ..... 35
toRRes-Ruiz e., sáncHez J.e., guillén-navaRRo g.k.,
yu F., liang J.-F., ge z.-w. & li y.-k. RaMos-péRez D.g. & Royse D.J.
Morphological and molecular evidence for a new
Microbial promoters of mycelial growth, fruiting
species of Leucoagaricus from China .................... 41
and production of Pleurotus ostreatus .................. 151
yeH y.-H. & kiRscHneR R.
A new record of Dinemasporium spinificis, comb. ayouBi n. & soleiMani M.J.
nov., (= Stauronema spinificis) from Taiwan ......... 49 Morphological and molecular identification
May . R., xia J. w., gao J. M., li z. & zHang x. g. of pathogenic Fusarium spp. on strawberry in
Dictyoceratosporella, gen. nov., with the descrip- Iran ........................................................................... 163
tion of two new species collected from Hainan,
China ........................................................................ 57 pFisteR D.H., loBuglio k.F. & kRistiansen R.
Species of Peziza s. str. on water-soaked wood
sá M.c.a. & waRtcHow F.
with special reference to a new species, P. nordica,
Russula omnileuca, a new species from Pernam-
from central Norway ............................................... 173
buco, Brazil ............................................................. 63
Holec J., Krˇíž M., KolarˇíK M. & žáK M. Hosen M.i., li t.H., ge z.w. & vellinga e.c.
Mediterranean fungus Gymnopilus suberis dis- Lepiota bengalensis, a new species of Lepiota
covered in Central Europe – a conse quence of section Lilaceae from Bangladesh ........................ 187
global warming? ...................................................... 69
Friebes G., JaKlitscH W.M., García s. & VoGlMayr H. HeRnánDez-RestRepo M., scHuMacHeR R.k., wingFielD
Lopadostoma taeniosporum revisited and a new M.J., aHMaD i., cai l., Duong t.a., eDwaRDs J.,
species of Coniochaeta ............................................ 87 gené J., gRoenewalD J.z., JaBeen s., kHaliD a.n.,
oliveiRa J.J.s. De & coRtez v.g. loMbard l., Madrid H., Marín-FeliX y., Marin-
Marasmius lubricus, a new species of Marasmius cowitz s., MilleR a.n., RaJesHkuMaR k.c., RasHiD
sect. Globulares from Paraná, Brazil ..................... 99 a., saRwaR s., stcHigel a.M., tayloR p. w.J., zHou
sulzBacHeR M.a., sousa J.o., coRtez v.g., giacHini n. & cRous p.w.
a.J. & Baseia i.g. Fungal Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 2 ........ 193
Sclerogaster araripensis, a new hypogeous fungus
Book review ................................................................... 231
from the upland wet forest enclaves of northeast
Brazil ........................................................................ 107 Taxonomic novelties in Sydowia 68 2016 .................... II
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DOI 10.12905/0380.sydowia68-2016-0193
Fungal Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 2
Margarita Hernández-Restrepo1,2*, René K. Schumacher3, Michael J. Wingfield2, Ishtiaq Ahmad4, Lei Cai5,
Tuan A. Duong6, Jacqueline Edwards7, Josepa Gené8, Johannes Z. Groenewald1, Sana Jabeen9, Abdul Nasir
Khalid9, Lorenzo Lombard1, Hugo Madrid10, Yasmina Marin-Felix1,2, Seonju Marincowitz2 , Andrew N.
Miller11, Kunhiraman C. Rajeshkumar12, Abdul Rashid4, Samina Sarwar13, Alberto M. Stchigel8,
Paul W.J. Taylor14, Nan Zhou5 & Pedro W. Crous1,2,15 *
1 CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
2 Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI),
University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
3 Hölderlinstraße 25, 15517 Fürstenwalde/Spree, Germany
4 Centre of Plant Biodiversity, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
5 State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
6 Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20,
Pretoria 0028, South Africa
7 AgriBio Centre for AgriBiosciences, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, 5 Ring Road,
LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
8 Mycology Unit, Medical School and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
9 Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, 54590-Lahore, Pakistan
10 Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics and Science Faculty, Mayor University, Camino La Piramide 5750,
Huechuraba, Santiago, Chile
11 Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, 1816 S. Oak St., 61820 Champaign, Illinois, USA
12 National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity & Palaeobiology Group, MACS’ Agharkar Research
Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, Maharashtra, India
13 Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
14 Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
15 Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
* e-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]
Hernández-Restrepo M., Schumacher R.K., Wingfield M.J., Ahmad I., Cai L., Duong T.A., Edwards J., Gené J., Groenewald J.Z.,
Jabeen S., Khalid A.N., Lombard L., Madrid H., Marin-Felix Y., Marincowitz S., Miller A.N., Rajeshkumar K.-C., Rashid A., Sar-
war S., Stchigel A.M., Taylor P. W.J., Zhou N. & Crous P.W. (2016) Fungal Systematics and Evolution: FUSE 2. – Sydowia 68:
193–230.
The present study introduces two new genera, 14 new species, five new combinations and 12 interesting host and/or geo-
graphical records. A majority of the fungi are Ascomycetes, but the study also includes a Basidiomycete, Xerocomellus fulvus
described from Pakistan. Under single name nomenclature Zeuctomorpha arecae is reduced to synonymy under Acroconidiellina
arecae (Sympoventuriaceae, Venturiales, Dothideomycetes). Based on morphology and phylogenetic affinities, Wojnowicia dac-
tylidis, W. lonicerae and W. spartii are moved to the genus Wojnowiciella (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes)
and Zalerion arboricola is now accommodated in Lophium (Mytilinidiaceae, Mytilinidiales, Dothideomycetes). Novel genera
include: Alfariacladiella gen. nov. (Stachybotryaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes) with A. spartii sp. nov. as type species, and
Calvolachnella gen. nov. (Chaetosphaeriales, Sordariomycetes) to accommodate Calvolachnella guaviyuensis comb. nov., previ-
ously included in Pseudolachnella. Novel species include: Castanediella hyalopenicillata from leaf litter (USA), C. malaysiana on
Eucalyptus brassiana (Malaysia) (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes), Morchella pakistanica (Morchellaceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetes)
on loamy soil (Pakistan), Muriphaeosphaeria viburni (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) on twigs of Viburnum
lantana (Serbia), Phyllosticta aucubae-japonicae (Phyllostictaceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes) on fruit of Aucuba ja-
ponica (Japan), Wojnowiciella leptocarpi (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) on stems of Leptocarpus sp. (Aus-
tralia), and Xylomelasma shoalensis (Sordariomycetes) on a dead branch (USA). New species from Germany include: Neose-
tophoma lunariae and Phaeosphaeria lunariae (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) on seeds of Lunaria annua,
Patellaria quercus (Patellariaceae, Patellariales, Dothideomycetes) on twigs of Quercus sp., Rhinocladiella coryli on stems of
Corylus avellana and Rhinocladiella quercus (Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales, Eurotiomycetes) on twigs of Quercus robur.
Ramularia eucalypti (Mycosphaerellaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes) is reported on leaves of Citrus maxima from Italy,
Beltrania rhombica (Beltraniaceae, Xylariales, Sordariomycetes) on leaves of Acacia sp. from Malaysia and Myrmecridium spar-
tii (Myrmecridiaceae, Myrmecridiales, Sodariomycetes) on Sarothamnus scoparius from Serbia. New reports from Australia in-
clude: Dothiora ceratoniae (Dothideaceae, Dothideales, Dothideomycetes) on leaves of Eucalyptus sp., Readeriella dimorphos-
pora (Teratosphaeriaceae, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes) on Eucalyptus sp., Vermiculariopsiella dichapetali (Sordariomycetes)
on leaves of Grevillea sp. and Acacia glaucoptera, and Verrucoconiothyrium nitidae (Montagnulaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideo-
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Hernández-Restrepo et al.: FUSE2
mycetes), on leaves of Acacia leprosa var. graveolens. New reports from La Reunion (France) include: Botryosphaeria agaves
(Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriales, Dothideomycetes) on branches of Agave sp., Chrysofolia colombiana (Cryphonectri-
aceae, Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes) on leaves of Syzygium jambos, Colletotrichum karstii (Glomerellaceae, Glomerellales,
Sordariomycetes) on leaves of Acacia heterophylla, Epicoccum sorghinum (Didymellaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) on
leaves of Paspalum sp. and Helminthosporium velutinum (Massarinaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) on branches of Stoe-
bia sp. Finally, an epitype is designated for Tracylla aristata (Sordariomycetes) on Eucalyptus regnans (Australia).
Keywords: biodiversity, ITS barcodes, multi-gene phylogeny, systematics, typification.
The present paper is the second contribution in erence strains and specimens are maintained at the
the Fungal Systematics and Evolution (FUSE) se- CBS, except as indicated otherwise.
ries. The series focuses on the epitypification of for-
merly described species, reports of new sexual- DNA isolation, amplification and analyses
asexual connections, merging of sexual and asexual
genera following the abandonment of the dual no- Genomic DNA was extracted from fungal colo-
menclature for fungi (Hawksworth et al. 2011, nies growing on MEA using the Wizard® Genomic
Wingfield et al. 2012, Crous et al. 2015b), and the DNA purification kit (Promega, Madison, USA) fol-
description of species or notes relating to interest- lowing the manufacturer’s protocols or directly from
ing observations regarding fungi. Authors wishing ascomata growing on natural substrate using the
to contribute to future issues in this series can e- Omega Bio-Tek E.Z.N.A.® Forensic DNA (Omega
mail submissions to Pedro Crous (p.crous@cbs. Bio-tek, Georgia USA). The primers V9G (de Hoog &
knaw.nl), Olinto Pereira ([email protected]), Cai Gerrits van den Ende 1998) and LR5 (Vilgalys &
Lei ([email protected]) or Chiharu Nakashima (chiha- Hester 1990) were used to amplify part (ITS) of the
[email protected]). In parallel with the publica- nuclear rDNA operon spanning the 3’ end of the 18S
tion schedule for Fungal Planet, which appears in nrRNA gene, the first internal transcribed spacer
Persoonia (Crous et al. 2015e), and Genera of Fungi (ITS1), the 5.8S nrRNA gene, the second ITS region
published in IMA Fungus (Crous et al. 2015a), FUSE (ITS2) and approximately 900 bp of the 5’ end of the
is published in Sydowia. 28S nrRNA gene. The primers ITS4 (White et al.
1990) and LROR (Rehner & Samuels 1994) were used
Materials and methods as internal primers to ensure good quality sequences
over the entire length of the amplicon. Part of the
Isolates
translation elongation factor 1-α gene (tef1), corre-
Descriptions are based on cultures maintained sponding to the section 983–1567 bp (with the prim-
at the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre in ers EF1-983F and EF1-1567R), was amplified and
Utrecht, The Netherlands (CBS), the working col- sequenced as described in Rehner & Buckley (2005).
lection of P. W. Crous (CPC), housed at CBS, and on Part of the beta-tubulin gene region (tub2) was am-
strains originating from other laboratories as indi- plified and sequenced using primers T1 (O’Donnell &
cated in the text. For fresh collections, leaves and Cigelnik 1997) and Bt-2b (Glass & Donaldson 1995),
twigs were placed in damp chambers, and incubat- and primers RPB–5F2 (Sung et al. 2007) and fRPB2-
ed at room temperature for 1–2 d. Single conidial 7cR (Liu et al. 1999) were used for the RNA polymer-
colonies were established from sporulating conidi- ase II second largest subunit gene (rpb2). Amplifica-
omata and ascomata in Petri dishes containing 2 % tion conditions for ITS and LSU followed those de-
malt extract agar (MEA) as described previously scribed by Cheewangkoon et al. (2008), and rpb2
(Crous et al. 1991). Colonies were sub-cultured onto (Woudenberg et al. 2013). The program SeqMan Pro
MEA, 2 % potato-dextrose agar (PDA), oatmeal v. 10.0.1 (DNASTAR, Madison, WI, USA) was used to
agar (OA), MEA (Crous et al. 2009a), autoclaved obtain consensus sequences for each isolate. Blast
pine needles on 2 % tap water agar (PNA) (Smith et searches using ITS and LSU sequences were per-
al. 1996), and incubated at 25 °C under continuous formed for each isolate and the closest matches were
near-ultraviolet light to promote sporulation. Ref- retrieved and included in the phylogenetic analyses.
Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the Dothideomycetes resulting from RAxML analysis of the LSU sequences
alignment. Maximum likelihood bootstrap support values higher than 50 % are indicated at the nodes. Bayesian posterior prob-
abilities > 0.95 are indicated as thickened lines. Families, orders and classes are indicated to the right of the tree. The tree was
rooted to Cheirospora botryospora CPC 24603.
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Hernández-Restrepo et al.: FUSE 2
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Hernández-Restrepo et al.: FUSE2
Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the Eurotiomycetes and Leotiomycetes resulting from RAxML analysis of the
LSU sequences alignment. Maximum likelihood bootstrap support values higher than 50 % are indicated at the nodes. Bayesian
posterior probabilities > 0.95 are indicated as thickened lines. Families, orders and classes are indicated to the right of the tree.
The tree was rooted to Cheirospora botryospora CPC 24603.
The sequence alignment and subsequent phyloge- sporulating on MEA, PDA, PNA, or OA. Sections of
netic analyses of the LSU data (Figs. 1–3) were car- conidiomata were made by hand. Observations were
ried out using methods described by Crous et al. made with a Nikon SMZ25 stereo-microscope, and
(2006). Sequence data were deposited in GenBank with a Zeiss Axio Imager 2 light microscope using
(Tab. 1) and the alignments and trees in TreeBASE differential interference contrast (DIC) illumina-
(http://www.treebase.org). Remaining sequence tion and a Nikon DS-Ri2 camera and software. Ad-
data are discussed under the species notes below. ditional photomicrographs were made using a
Nikon Eclipse Ni-U microscope (Nikon, Tokyo), a
Nikon SMZ1500 stereo-microscope, Nikon DS-U3
Morphology
digital camera and NIS Elements imaging software.
Slide preparations were mounted in clear lactic Colony characters and pigment production were
acid either directly from specimens or from colonies noted after 2–4 wk of growth on MEA and OA
Fig. 3. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the Sordariomycetes resulting from RAxML analysis of the LSU sequences
alignment. Maximum likelihood bootstrap support values higher than 50 % are indicated at the nodes. Bayesian posterior prob-
abilities > 0.95 are indicated as thickened lines. Families, orders and classes are indicated to the right of the tree. The tree was
rooted to Cheirospora botryospora CPC 24603.
196 Sydowia 68 (2016)
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Hernández-Restrepo et al.: FUSE 2
Sydowia 68 (2016) 197
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k accession 2mbers LSU KX306776 KX306777 KX306778 KX306779 KJ843525 KX306780 KX306781 KX306782 KX306783 KX306784 – KX306785 KU705843 KU705842 – – KX306787 KX306788 KX306789
GenBannu ITS X306747 X306748 X306749 X306750 J834524 X306751 X306752 X306753 X306754 X306755 X306756 X306757 F169307 U705825 X306759 X306760 X306761 X306762 X306763
K K K K K K K K K K K K A K K K K K K
nteresting reports. Collector(s) K.C. Rajeshku-mar S. Tello M.J. Wingfield P.W. Crous M.J. Wingfield & C. Perez unknown M.J. Wingfield P.W. Crous P.W. Crous P.W. Crous P.W. Crous P.W. Crous S.T. Buczacki J. Gené S. Jabeen & A. N. Khalid S. Jabeen & A. N. Khalid D. Savic D. Savic R.K. Schumach-er
or the new species and i Substrate on fallen leaves of Areca catechu Spartium junceum on leaves of Acacia sp. on branches of Agave sp. Myrcianthes pungens on leaf litter on Eucalyptus brassiana on leaves of Syzygium jambos on leaves of Acacia heterophylla on leaves of Eucalyp-tus sp. on leaves of Paspalum sp. on branches of Stoebia sp. on cankers of Larix decidua on dung Loamy soil Loamy soil on twig of Viburnum lantana on Cytisus scoparius on seeds of Lunaria annua
f
nd morphological analysis Locality Kerala State, Palakad District, Kayiliad Jaén, Los Villares Sabah La Réunion Quebrada de los Cuervos Puerto Rico Sabah La Réunion La Réunion Melbourne La Réunion La Réunion Forest of Dean Arbolí Khanspur Khanspur Fruska Gora (Iriski Venac) Fruska Gora (Iriski Venac)
a
r
he molecula Country India Spain Malaysia France Uruguay USA Malaysia France France Australia France France UK Spain Pakistan Pakistan Serbia Serbia Germany
t
d strains included in Strain accession 1number NFCCI 3696 CBS 141403 = CPC 24966, ex-type CPC 27482 = CBS 141507 CPC 26299 = CBS 141505 CBS 134695 = CMW 39055 ex-type CPC 25873 = CBS 141510, ex-type CPC 24918 = CBS 141509, ex-type CPC 26355 = CBS 141506 CPC 26233 = CBS 141503 CPC 25484 = CBS 141501 CPC 26197 = CBS 141502 CPC 26297 = CBS 141504 CBS 758.71 ex-type CBS 102826 SJ121 (Holotype LAH35075) SJ121b CBS 141412 = CPC 26610, ex-type CBS 141406 = CPC 26548 CBS 141409 = CPC 26671, ex-type
n
a
ces nsis rni
Tab. 1. Details of sequen Species Acroconidiellina arecae Alfariacladiella spartii Beltrania rhombica Botryosphaeria agaves Calvolachnella guaviyue Castanediella hyalopenicillata Castanediella malysiana Chrysofolia colombiana Colletotrichum karstii Dothiora ceratoniae Epicoccum sorghinum Helminthosporium velutinum Lophium arboricola Lophium arboricola Morchella pakistanica Morchella pakistanica Muriphaeosphaeria vibu Myrmecridium spartii Neosetophoma lunariae
198 Sydowia 68 (2016)
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Hernández-Restrepo et al.: FUSE 2
KX306790 KX306791 – – – KX306792 KX306793 KX306794 KX306795 KX306796 KX306797 KX306798 KX306799 KX306800 KU163374 KX290919 ollection of the al History Sur-griculture, For-
h-KX306764 h-KX306765 KR233300 KR233301 KX306766 KX306767 h-KX306768 h-KX306769 KX306770W.J. KX306771 KX306772 KX306773 KX306774 KX306775 – CMW: Culture che Illinois NaturF: Ministry of A
R.K. Schumacer R.K. Schumacer T. Kobayashi T. Kobayashi V. Guarnaccia P.W. Crous R.K. Schumacer R.K. Schumacer P.W. Crous, J. Edwards & P.Taylor P.W. Crous P.W. Crous P.W. Crous P.W. Crous F.G. Haddad I. Ahmad A.N. Miller oused at CBS; Herbarium of tPakistan; MAF e.
Patellaria quercusCPC 27232 = Germanyon twigs of Quercus CBS 141410, ex-typesp. Phaeosphaeria lunariae CBS 141415 = Germanyon seeds of Lunaria CPC 26679, ex-typeannua Phyllosticta MAFF 236703 = JapanKagoshimaon fruit of Aucuba aucubae-japonicaeLC 4755, ex-typejaponica Phyllosticta aucubae-japon-MAFF 410353 = JapanKagoshimaon fruit of Aucuba icaeLC 4754japonica Ramularia eucalyptiCPC 26186 = ItalySicilyon leaves of Citrus CBS 141518maxima Readeriella dimorphosporaCPC 25379 = AustraliaMelbourneEucalyptus sp.CBS 141497 Rhinocladiella coryli CPC 26654 = Germanyon stems of Corylus CBS 141407, ex-typeavelana Rhinocladiella quercusCPC 26621 = Germanyon twigs of Quercus CBS 141448, ex-typerobur Tracylla aristataCPC 25500 = Australia Victoria, Toolangi State Eucalyptus sp. CBS 141401, Forestex-epitype Vermiculariopsiella CPC 25482 = AustraliaMelbourneon leaves of Grevillea dichapetaliCBS 141498sp. Vermiculariopsiella CPC 29196 = AustraliaWestern Australia, Perth, on leaves of Grevillea dichapetaliCBS 141499Bedfordalesp. Vermiculariopsiella CPC 29232 = AustraliaWestern Australiaon leaves of Acacia dichapetaliCBS 141500glaucoptera Verrucoconiothyrium CPC 25373 = AustraliaMelbourneon leaves of Acacia nitidaeCBS 141517 leprosa var. graveo-lens Wojnowiciella leptocarpiCBS 115684, ex-typeAustraliastem of Leptocarpus sp. Xerocomellus fulvusLAH926714, ex-typePakistanKhyber Pakhtunkhwa, on soil under Cedrus Swat, Ushu Kalamdeodara Xylomelasma shoalensisILLS 76895, ex-typeUSAIllinois, Montgomery branch on ground (6 County, Shoal Creek cm. diam.)Nature Conservation Area 1 CBS: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; CPC: Culture collection of Pedro Crous, hForestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI) of the University of Pretoria, Pretoria South Africa; ILLS: vey, Champaign, Illinois, USA; LAH: Herbarium of the Botany Department, at the University of the Punjab, Lahore, estry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; NFCCI: National Fungal Culture Collection of India, Pune, India.2 ITS: internal transcribed spacer regions 1 & 2 including 5.8S nrRNA gene; LSU: 28S large subunit of the nrRNA gen
Sydowia 68 (2016) 199
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(Crous et al. 2009b) incubated at 25 ºC. Colony col- 1–5-septate, 43–63.5 × 18–21 µm. – Ascomata 175–
ours (surface and reverse) were rated according to 300 μm diam., gregarious, superficial, globose to
the colour charts of Rayner (1970). Taxonomic nov- slightly flattened, collapsed at the apex when dry,
elties were deposited in MycoBank (www.Myco- ostiolate, covered with numerous long setae. – Pe-
Bank. org; Crous et al. 2004). ridium up to 25 μm wide, composed of heavily pig-
mented pseudoparenchymatous cells of textura an-
Taxonomy gularis, to 7 μm diam. – Hamathecium of rare,
2–5 μm broad, septate, branched, anastomosing
Acroconidiellina arecae (Berk. & Broome) M.B. El-
pseudoparaphyses. – Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fis-
lis, Mycol. Pap. 125: 26. 1971. – Fig. 4
situnicate, broadly clavate to obclavate, 83–185 ×
Basionym. – Helminthosporium arecae Berk. & Broome 29–40(50) μm, with a short thick pedicel, up to
[as ‘Helmisporium’] J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14 (no. 74): 99. 1873 40 μm long, apically rounded, with a small ocular
[1875]. chamber. – Ascospores 2–4 seriate, ellipsoidal,
≡ Brachysporium arecae (Berk. & Broome) Sacc., Syll.
35–43 × 12.5–18 μm, dark brown, 1-septate, deeply
Fung. (Abellini) 4: 429. 1886.
≡ Exosporium arecae (Berk. & Broome) Petch, Ann. R. constricted at the septum, usually slightly asym-
Bot. Gdns Peradeniya 10: 174. 1927. metric, smooth-walled (description of the sexual
= Zeuctomorpha arecae Sivan., P.M. Kirk & Govindu, The morph adapted from Zhang et al. 2012).
Bitunicate Ascomycetes and their anamorphs: 572. 1984.
Culture characteristics. – Colonies at 25±2
≡ Acantharia arecae (Sivan., P.M. Kirk & Govindu) Y.
˚C after 15 d on PDA and MEA, slow growing, 20–25
Zhang ter & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity Res. Ser. 51: 258.
2011. mm diam., dark olivaceous brown to coffee brown,
Fig. 4. Acroconidiellina arecae (AMH 9676). A, B. Habitat. C–F. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. G. Conidia. Scale bars
C–G 10 µm
Description. – Colonies hypophyllous, velutinous to mid floccose, centre raised, margin
punctiform or forming dark blackish brown patch- low, regular, reverse coffee brown to brownish black.
es. The bunch of conidiophores is anchored to the Exudates and soluble-pigments absent.
leaves by dark brown hyphae that form a semi-im- Material examined. – INDIA, Kerala State, Palakad
mersed stroma. – Conidiophores erect, mostly District, Kayiliad, on fallen leaves of Areca catechu (Arecace-
straight or slightly flexuous, unbranched or with a ae), 23 Dec 2014, leg. K. C. Rajeshkumar, specimen AMH 9676,
short branch, mid to dark brown, rugulose or ver- culture NFCCI 3696.
ruculose, thick walled, septate, 115–450 µm, 5–7 µm Notes. – Acroconidiellina was established
thick at base slightly broadening towards tip, based on the type species A. loudetiae (Ellis 1971)
9–13.5 µm at apex. – Conidia solitary, straight, on Loudetia arundinaceae from Tanzania. The ge-
obturbinate or obclavate, 0–5-septate, central cells nus initially accommodated four species, A. loude-
darker and verruculose, mid to dark brown, cells at tiae, A. chloridis, A. urtiagae and A. arecae. Sivane-
each end are pales and smoother, young conidia san (1984) introduced Zeuctomorpha arecae as the
aseptate, 27–33.5 × 17–19 µm, mature conidia sexual morph of A. arecae based on a specimen col-
200 Sydowia 68 (2016)