Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death: Mechanism, Ablation, and Defibrillation PDF
Preview Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death: Mechanism, Ablation, and Defibrillation
BLUK130-Wang January10,2008 20:48 Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death EDITED BY Paul J. Wang, MD CardiacArrhythmiaService StanfordUniversityMedicalCenter Stanford,CA USA Amin Al-Ahmad, MD CardiacArrhythmiaService StanfordUniversityMedicalCenter Stanford,CA USA Henry H. Hsia, MD CardiacArrhythmiaService StanfordUniversityMedicalCenter Stanford,CA USA Paul C. Zei, MD, PhD CardiacArrhythmiaService StanfordUniversityMedicalCenter Stanford,CA USA iii BLUK130-Wang December29,2007 2:58 Contents Listofcontributors, vii Part3 Catheterandsurgical ablation Foreword, xi HeinJ.Wellens 7 Mappingandablationofventricular tachycardiaaftermyocardialinfarction, 76 WilliamG.Stevenson,UshaTedrow Part1 MechanismsofVT 8 Mappingandablationofventricular 1 Theroleofspatialdispersionof tachycardiainnonischemic repolarizationandintramuralreentryin cardiomyopathy, 89 inheritedandacquiredsuddencardiacdeath HenryH.Hsia,PiroozS.Mofrad syndromes, 1 9 Mappingtodefinescarsandisthmuses:anew CharlesAntzelevitch paradigmforguidingventriculartachycardia 2 Mechanismsofventriculartachycardia: ablation, 101 underlyingpathologicalandphysiological KyokoSoejima abnormalities, 18 10 Ablationofidiopathicventricular JacquesMTdeBakker,HaroldVMvanRijen tachycardias, 112 NitishBadhwar,MelvinM.Scheinman 11 Ablationofventricularfibrillation, 128 Part2 Etiologiesandsyndromes KarenP.Phillips,J.DavidBurkhardt, 3 Time-dependentgenderdifferencesinthe RobertA.Schweikert,WalidI.Saliba, clinicalcourseofpatientswiththecongenital AndreaNatale long-QTsyndrome, 28 IlanGoldenberg,ArthurJ.Moss, 12 Ablationofventriculartachycardiain WojciechZareba congenitalheartdisease, 141 GeorgeF.VanHare 4 Geneticsofventriculararrhythmias, 37 ZianH.Tseng,JeffreyOlgin 13 Roleofimagingtechniquesincatheter ablationofventriculartachycardia, 150 5 Arrhythmogenicrightventricular MathewD.Hutchinson,DavidJ.Callans dysplasia/cardiomyopathy, 51 RahulJain,HughCalkins 14 Epicardialablationofventricular tachycardia, 164 6 Riskstratificationandtheimplantable MauricioScanavacca,EduardoSosa defibrillatorforthepreventionof suddendeathinhypertrophic 15 Roleofcathetercontrolsystemsinablation cardiomyopathy, 64 ofventriculartachycardia, 178 BarryJ.Maron MarcoPerez,AminAl-Ahmad v BLUK130-Wang December29,2007 2:58 vi Contents 16 Currentsurgicaltechniquesforischemic Part5 Ventricularfibrillationand ventriculartachycardia, 190 defibrillation RobertJ.Moraca,MarciS.Bailey, 21 Themechanismsofventricular RalphJ.DamianoJr fibrillation, 267 LanS.Chen,Peng-ShengChen,MosheS. Swissa Part4 Epidemiology,riskstratification, andpharmacologicaltherapyfor 22 Mechanismsofdefibrillation, 277 ventriculartachycardia DerekJ.Dosdall,JianHuang,RaymondE. andsuddendeath Ideker 17 Epidemiologyandetiologiesofsudden 23 Automaticexternaldefibrillationandpublic cardiacdeath, 198 accessdefibrillatorresponse, 289 KeaneK.Lee,AminAl-Ahmad,PaulJ.Wang, PaulJ.Wang,AminAl-Ahmad, RobertJ.Myerburg RobertJ.Myerburg 18 Non-invasivetestsforriskstratification 24 Advancesincardiopulmonary inischemicandnon-ischemic rescuscitation, 298 cardiomyopathy, 213 AnuragGupta,AminAl-Ahmad J.ThomasBigger,MarkC.Haigney, 25 Advancesinimplantabledefibrillatortherapy RobertE.Kleiger andtechnologies, 312 PaulJ.Wang,AminAl-Ahmad,HenryH. 19 Riskstratification:whereweareandwhere Hsia,PaulC.Zei dowegofromhere, 240 JeffreyJ.Goldberger 26 ICDleadextraction:when,whyand how?, 327 20 Pharmacologicalmanagementofventricular BruceL.Wilkoff,OussamaWazni arrhythmias, 247 KevinJ.Makati,MuntherHomoud, MarkS.Link,JonathanWeinstock, Index, 335 N.A.MarkEstesIII BLUK130-Wang December29,2007 2:58 Contributors Amin Al-Ahmad, MD David J. Callans, MD CardiacArrhythmiaService UniversityofPennsylvaniaHealthSystem StanfordUniversityMedicalCenter Philadelphia,PA Stanford,CA USA USA Lan S. Chen, MD Charles Antzelevitch, PhD TheDepartmentofNeurology MasonicMedicalResearchLaboratory IndianaUniversitySchoolofMedicine Utica,NY Indianapolis,Indiana USA USA Nitish Badhwar, MBBS,FACC Peng-Sheng Chen, MD SectionofCardiacElectrophysiology TheKrannertInstituteofCardiology UCSF,DivisionofCardiology DivisionofCardiology UniversityofCalifornia DepartmentofMedicine SanFrancisco,CA IndianaUniversitySchoolofMedicine USA Indianapolis,IN USA Marci S. Bailey, RN Ralph J. Damiano, Jr. MD ResearchCoordinator WashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicine ChiefofCardiothoracicSurgery St.Louis,MO JohnShoenbergProfessorofSurgery USA WashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicine St.Louis,MO J. Thomas Bigger, MD USA ColumbiaUniversityCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeons Jacques MT de Bakker, PhD NewYork,NY USA Head,DepartmentofExperimentalCardiologyAcademic MedicalCenter;Amsterdam,TheNetherlands J. David Burkhardt TheCenterofHeartFailureResearch,Departmentof CardiacPacingandElectrophysiology ExperimentalCardiology,AcademicMedicalCenter, DepartmentofCardiovascularMedicine Amsterdam,TheNetherlands ClevelandClinicFoundation TheHeartLungCenter,UniversityMedicalCenterUtrecht, Cleveland,OH TheNetherlands USA TheDepartmentofMedicalPhysiology,UniversityMedical CenterUtrecht,TheNetherlands Hugh Calkins, MD TheInteruniversityCardiologyInstituteoftheNetherlands, ProfessorofMedicine Utrecht DirectoroftheArrhythmiaService TheNetherlands DirectoroftheElectrophysiologyLaboratory DirectoroftheJohnsHopkinsARVD Derek J. Dosdall, PhD ProgramJohnsHopkinsMedicalInstitutions UniversityofAlabamaatBirmingham Baltimore,MD DepartmentofBiomedicalEngineering USA Birmingham,AL USA vii BLUK130-Wang December29,2007 2:58 viii Listofcontributors N.A. Mark Estes III, MD Raymond E. Ideker, MD,PhD ProfessorofMedicine UniversityofAlabamaatBirmingham Director,CardiacArrhythmiaCenter DepartmentsofPhysiologyandBiomedical TuftsUniversitySchoolofMedicine EngineeringMedicine Boston,MA Birmingham,AL USA USA Ilan Goldenberg, MD Rahul Jain, MD TheCardiologyDivision DivisionofCardiology DepartmentofMedicine TheJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolof UniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter Medicine Rochester,NY MD USA USA Jeffrey J. Goldberger, MD Robert E. Kleiger, MD TheDivisionofCardiology WashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicine DepartmentofMedicine St.Louis,MO FeinbergSchoolofMedicine USA NorthwesternUniversity Chicago,IL USA Keane K. Lee, MD StanfordUniversityMedicalCenter Anurag Gupta, MD Stanford,CA StanfordUniversityMedicalCenter USA Stanford,CA USA Mark S. Link, MD Tufts-NewEnglandMedicalCenter Mark C. Haigney, MD Boston,MA UniformedServicesUniversity USA Bethesda,MD USA Kevin J. Makati, MD Tufts-NewEnglandMedicalCenter Munther Homoud, MD Boston,MA Tufts-NewEnglandMedicalCenter USA Boston,MA USA Barry J. Maron, MD Henry H. Hsia, MD HypertrophicCardiomyopathyCenter MinneapolisHeartInstituteFoundation CardiacArrhythmiaService MN StanfordUniversityMedicalCenter USA Stanford,CA USA Pirooz S. Mofrad, MD Jian Huang, MD,PhD StanfordUniversityMedicalCenter UniversityofAlabamaatBirmingham Standford,CA DepartmentsofMedicine USA Birmingham,AL USA Robert J. Moraca, MD FellowinCardiothoracicSurgery Mathew D. Hutchinson, MD WashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicine UniversityofPennsylvaniaHealthSystem St.Louis,MO Philadelphia,PA USA USA BLUK130-Wang December29,2007 2:58 Listofcontributors ix Arthur J. Moss, MD Melvin M. Scheinman, MD,FACC ProfessorofMedicine(Cardiology) SectionofCardiacElectrophysiology Director,HeartResearchFollow-Up UniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco Program SanFrancisco,CA UniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter USA Rochester,NY USA Robert A. Schweikert, MD Director,EPClinicalOperations Robert J. Myerburg, MD,FACC SectionofCardiacElectrophysiologyandPacing ProfessorofMedicineandPhysiology DepartmentofCardiovascularMedicine Chief,DivisionofCardiology ClevelandClinicFoundation UniversityofMiami Cleveland,OH Miami,FL USA USA Kyoko Soejima, MD Andrea Natale, MD AssistantProfessor SectionHead,ElectrophysiologyandPacing DivisionofCardiology DirectoroftheElectrophysiologyLaboratories KeioUniversity TheClevelandClinicFoundation Tokyo Cleveland,OH Japan USA Eduardo Sosa, MD Jeffrey Olgin, MD HeartInstitute SectionofCardiacElectrophysiology UniversityofSaoPauloMedicalSchool DivisionofCardiology SaoPaulo UniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco Brazil SanFrancisco,CA USA Moshe S, Swissa, MD DivisionofCardiology Marco Perez, MD DepartmentofMedicine StanfordUniversity KaplanMedicalCenter,Rehovot Stanford,CA TheHebrewUniversity,Jerusalem USA Israel Karen P. Phillips, MB,BS(Hons),FRACP William G. Stevenson, MD ClinicalCardiacElectrophysiologyFellow Director,Clinical,CardiacElectrophysiology,Program DepartmentofCardiovascularMedicine CardiovascularDivision ClevelandClinicFoundation BrighamandWomen’sHospital Cleveland,OH Boston,MA USA USA Walid I. Saliba, MD Usha Tedrow, MD Director,ElectrophysiologyLaboratories AssociateDirector,ClinicalCardiac, SectionofCardiacPacingandElectrophysiology Electrophysiology,Program DepartmentofCardiovascularMedicine CardiovascularDivision ClevelandClinicFoundation BrighamandWomen’sHospital Cleveland,OH Boston,MA USA USA Mauricio Scanavacca, MD Zian H. Tseng, MD HeartInstitute SectionofCardiacElectrophysiology UniversityofSaoPauloMedicalSchool DivisionofCardiology SaoPaulo UniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco Brasil SanFrancisco,CA USA BLUK130-Wang December29,2007 2:58 x Listofcontributors George F. Van Hare, MD Jonathan Weinstock, MD ProfessorofPediatrics,ClinicalProfessorofPediatrics; Tufts-NewEnglandMedicalCenter andDirector,PediatricArrhythmiaCenter Boston,MA StanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicineandUCSF USA PaloAlto,CA USa Bruce L. Wilkoff, MD ProfessorofMedicineandDirector,CardiacPacingand Harold VM van Rijen TachyarrhythmiaDevices TheDepartmentofMedicalPhysiology ClevelandClinicFoundation UniversityMedicalCenterUtrecht Cleveland,OH TheNetherlands USA Paul J. Wang, MD Wojciech Zareba, MD,PhD StanfordUniversityMedicalCenter TheCardiologyDivision,DepartmentofMedicine Stanford,CA UniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter USA Rochester,NY USA Oussama Wazni, MD AssociateDirector Paul C. Zei, MD,PhD ClevelandClinicCenterforCardiovascularResearch CardiacArrhythmiaService ClevelandClinic StanfordUniversityMedicalCenter Cleveland,OH Stanford,CA USA USA BLUK130-Wang December29,2007 2:58 Foreword When, 40 years ago, intracardiac stimulation and subspecialist,lookingonlyforwhatisnewinhisor activation studies were started for the analysis of herspecializedarea,maylosesightofthecomplete cardiacarrhythmias,nobodycouldhavepredicted picturewithitsinherentdangers. theadvancesthatweregoingtobemadeintheyears Therefore one has to welcome this book for its thereafterinourunderstandingandmanagementof coverageandtimeofpublication.Byselectingthe ventriculararrhythmiasandsuddendeath. contributors carefully, the editors have succeeded Sincethenanenormousamountofinformation inbringingtogether,inonebook,anexcellentand has become available, leading to our current un- completeoverviewofwhatthecardiologistshould derstanding of mechanisms, etiology, epidemiol- knowforoptimalmanagementofthepatientwitha ogy, risk stratification, and management of these, ventriculararrhythmia.Amongthemanyin-depth unfortunatelytoooftenoccurring,life-threatening presentationsonewillfindhowtoselectthecandi- situations. dateforcatheterablation,whentoimplantanICD, Thebestwaytopresentthatknowledge,andalso andwhatmeasureshavetobetakentoreducesud- therelationbetweenthosedifferentareas,istoput dendeathoutofhospital. itintheformofabook. We live in a time when information spreads HeinJ.Wellens rapidly by way of the internet. However, tunnel Maastricht,TheNetherlands vision is one of the dangers of that medium: the August2007 xi BLUK130-Wang December14,2007 15:46 1 CHAPTER 1 The role of spatial dispersion of repolarization and intramural reentry in inherited and acquired sudden cardiac death syndromes Charles Antzelevitch Abstract Keywords: The cellular basis for intramural reentry that de- longQTsyndrome;shortQTsyndrome;Brugada velopssecondarytothedevelopmentoftransmu- syndrome; polymorphic ventricular tachycardia; raldispersionofrepolarization(TDR)isexamined electrophysiology in this review. The hypothesis that amplification Inheritedsuddencardiacdeathsecondarytothede- of spatial dispersion of repolarization underlies velopmentoflife-threateningventriculararrhyth- the development of intramural reentry and life- mias have been associated with a variety of ion threateningventriculararrhythmiasassociatedwith channelopathiessuchasthelong-QT,short-QT,and inheritedionchannelopathiesisprobed.Theroles Brugadasyndromes.Table1.1liststhegeneticde- of TDR in the long-QT, short-QT, and Brugada fectsthusfaridentifiedtobeassociatedwiththese syndromes as well as catecholaminergic polymor- primaryelectricaldiseases.Theseionchannelde- phicventriculartachycardiaarecriticallyexamined. fectshavebeenshowntoamplifyspatialdispersion In the long-QT syndrome, amplification of TDR ofrepolarization,insomecaseswiththeassistance isgenerallysecondarytopreferentialprolongation ofpharmacologicagentsthatfurtherexaggeratethe oftheactionpotentialduration(APD)ofMcells, gainorlossoffunctionofionchannelactivity.Be- whereasintheBrugadasyndrome,itisduetose- foreexaminingtheseinteractions,wewillreviewthe lectiveabbreviationoftheAPDofrightventricular basisforintrinsicelectricalheterogeneitywithinthe epicardium.PreferentialabbreviationofAPDofei- ventricularmyocardium. therendocardiumorepicardiumappearstobere- sponsibleforamplificationofTDRintheshort-QT syndrome.Theavailabledatasuggestthatthelong- Intrinsic electrical heterogeneity QT,short-QT,andBrugadasyndromesarepatholo- within the ventricular gieswithverydifferentphenotypesandetiologies, myocardium butwhichshareacommonfinalpathwayincausing It is now well established that ventricular my- suddencardiacdeath. ocardiumiscomprisedofatleastthreeelectrophys- iologicallyaswellasfunctionallydistinctcelltypes: epicardial, M, and endocardial cells [1,2]. These Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death. threeprincipalventricularmyocardialcelltypesdif- Edited by Paul J. Wang, Amin Al-Ahmad, Henry H. Hsia, Paul C. Zei. ferwithrespecttophase1andphase3repolariza- © 2008 Blackwell Publishing. ISBN: 978-1-4051-6114-5 tion characteristics. Ventricular epicardial and M, 1
Description:The list of books you might like
