VEGETATION AND FLORA OF AMERICAN BEECH WOODS NATURE PRESERVE, CLARK COUNTY, ILLINOIS

2005·7.1 MB·English

by  Bob Edgin

VEGETATIONANDFLORAOFAMERICANBEECHWOODS
NATUREPRESERVE,CLARKCOUNTY,ILLINOIS
BobEdgin GordonCTucker^ andJohnE.Ebinger
IllinoisNaturePreservesCommission DepartmentofBiologicalSciences
Springfield,Illinois62701,U.S.A. EasternIllinoisUniversity
Charleston,Illinois61920,U.S.A.
ABSTRACT
AmericanBeechWoodsNaturePreserveislocatedonlllinoiantillintheWabasliBorderDivisionol
easternIllinois.Theplantlifeolthis8hasitewasexaminedduringthe1999-2001growingseasons.
Wedocumentedatotalof207vascularplantspeciesni148generaof71families(10pteridophytes,1
gyinnosperm,49monocots,and147dicots).Wealsosampledthevegetationusingastratified-ran-
domline-stripmethod.Treedensityaveraged249trees/hawithabasalareaof22.91m-'/ha.Fa^us
grandijoliaEhrh.(Americanbeech)wasthedominanttreespecieswith63trees/ha,abasalareaof
7.34m-/ha,andanimportancevalue26.1(possil.:>le100).AcersaccharumMarsh,(sugarmaple)ranked
secondinimportancevalue(IV=15.7)withmostindividualsinthei0-19.9cmdiameterclass.Querciis
vdulinaLam.(blackoak)andCavyaglabra(Mill.).Sweet(pignuthickory)weretheonlyotherover-
storytreeswithanimportancevaluegreaterthan10.Incomparisonwithanearlierstudyin1973,
thesitehasexperiencedadecreaseinbothtreedensity(399trees/havs.249trees/ha)andbasalarea
(33.35mVhavs.22.91mVha).
RESUMEN
LaReservaNaturalde1layaAmericanaestaubicadaenterrenoIllinoisenlaironteradelRioWabash
enIllinoisoriental.Lafloradelbosc]uequemidc8hectareaslueexaminadadurantelatemporadade
crecimientoenlosanos1999-2001.Memosidentificado207especiesdeplantasvascularesque
incluycn148generosde71familiasdistintas:10pteridolitas.unagimnosperma,49monocotited6neas.
y147dicotiledoneas.Muestreamoslavegetacionusandoelmetododelinea-franjaalcatoria.La
densidadpromediaera249arbolesporhectarcaconunaareabasalde22.91m2/ha.Fagiisgrandifolia
Ehrh.(haya)eralaespeciedearboldotninante.Ilabia63arbolesporhectareaconunaareabasalde
7.32m-/hayunvalordeimportanciade26.1(posibilidaddc100).AcerMcchatum(arcedeazucar)
teniaunaimportanciasecundariaconunvalordeimportanciade15.7.Lamayoriadelosindividuos
pertenccianalaclasedetamaiioentrc10-19.9cm.QuercusveludnaLam.doblenegro)yCaryaglabra
Mill,tnuezdecerdo)cranlosunicosarbolesquetenianunvalordeimportanciademasde10.En
comparacionconelestudiode1973elbosquchasulridounaperdidadedensidad(399arbolesporha
v.249arbolesporha)yareabasal(33.35m-/ha\'.22.91m-/ha.)
1NTR0I3UCT10N
AtthebeginningofextensiveEuropeansettleinent(ca.1800),about61%ofIlli-
noiswasprairieandsavanna.Theremainder,mostlythemoreruggedterrain,
waswoodlandandforest(Kiichler1964;Anderson1970;Iversonetal.1991;
Ebinger1997).Insuchareasofruggedterrain,treespeciescompositionvaried
'Correspondingauthor;cfgct@eiu,edu.
SIDA21(3):1861-1878.2005
1862 BRIT.ORG/SIDA21(3)
locallywithoaks(Qucriusspp.)andhickories(Caryaspp.)beingthecommon
forestspeciesondrierinostlyuplandsites.Mesophyticspeciessuchaselm
(.lUmu^.spp.),ash(Fnixmusspp.),andsugarmaple(AcersaccharumMarsh.)
1w9e5r0e;aAsnsdoceirastoendw1i98t3h;tChoewdeilslse&cteJdacrkasvionnes20a0n2d).naAtrrtohwereiavsetreIrlnooeddpgleaionfsI(llBirnaoiusn,
particulaHyintheWabashBorderNaturalDivision,manyoftheselorestscon-
tained American beech(FagusgrandifoliaEhrh.),tuliptree(Liriodendron
tulipijci'iiL.),andothertreespeciestypicallytoundinloreststotheeastol Illi-
nois(Schvv'egman1973).Americanbeechhasawiderangecomparabletothat
ofothermajorHasternDeciduousForesttrees.
Beech-maplelorestsusuallyincludedsomespeciesofoaksandhickories
andreachedthewesternlimitoftheirrangeineast-centralandsouthernIlli-
nois.InIllinois,thefewremainingexamplesol thiscommunitytypeareasso-
ciatedwithsteep,deeplydissectedravinesystems,narrowvalleys,andnarrow-
tobroadridges.Thebeech-maplecomponenthasarichherbaceouslayeron
tliemesicslopesandanoak-hickorycomponentontheridgesandmorelevel
uplands.Theseremnantshavebeenvariouslydisturbedbylogging,grazing,
ande.xoticspeciesinvasion.
ThreeexamplesofthisforestcommunitylocatedintheWabashRiverValley
havebeendedicatedasIllinoisNaturePreserves(McFall&Karnes1995).Oc-
currencesol American beech in thisregion haveenhancedsignificanceas
thesepopulationsrepresentthewesternedgeol therangeolawideranging
easternNorthAmericanspecies.TheAmericanBeechWoodsNaturePreserve
containsoneoltheseprotectedbeech-maplelorests.Theobjectivesofourstudy
weretodocumentthevascularflora;todeterminethecompositionandstruc-
tureol thewoodyandherbaceousvegetation;andtoanalyzechangesinthe
forestcompositionthatoccurredsincetheforestwaslaststudiedin1973.
DH.SCRIPTIONOFTill'STUDYARHA
TheAmericanBeechWoodsNaturePreserve,dedicatedasanaturepreservein
1985,islocatedinFincolnTrailStatePark(Fig.1),about5kmsouthofMarshall,
ClarkCounty,Illinois(SE/4,NW/4,S2,TION,R12W;39°20'30"N,87°42'45"W).
LocatedintheSouthernUplandSectionoftheWabashBorderNatural Divi-
sionabout15kmtromtheIndianastateline,thepreserveissituatedonlllinoian
glacialtillabout20kmsoutholtheterminalmoraineofWisconsinglaciation
CSchwcgman 1973).Thepreserve,about8hainsize,hasruggedtopography,
ranginginelevationfrom \b7mattheedgeol FincolnTrailFaketo190mat
thehighestpoint.Topogra]-)hicfeaturesincfudesteep-sidedravines,valleywalls
olvariousslopeaspects,andnarrowridges.Thewesternboundaryolthepre-
servelollowstheshorelineol FincolnTrailLake.Present!)'mostofthepreserve
ishighquality,oldsecondgrowth,mesicanddry-mesicuplandforest(White&r
Madany1978).BasedontheoriginalGox'crnmentLandOfficesurveyrecords
EDGINETAL,FLORAOFAMERICANBEECHWOODSNATUREPRESERVE 1863
Fig.1.ThelocationofClarkCountyineasternIllinois,andthelocationofAmericanBeechWoodsNaturePreservein
LincolnTrailStatePark,SofMarshall,Illinois(courtesyoftheIllinoisNaturePreservesCommission).
attheIllinoisStateArchivesinSprmgfield(Hutchison1988),thewoodsstill
retainsmanyofthespeciespresentpriortosettlementbyEuropeans.
Theoverstoryotthepreservewassampledin1973aspartofanextensive
studythatexaminedthestructureandcompositionofbeech-mapleforestsin
Illinois,Indiana,Michigan,andWisconsin(Dunn1978).Twoprescribedburns
(Nov1993andDec1998)havebeenconductedinthepreserve,whileseedlings
andsaplingsofsugarmapleshavebeenremovedrecentlyfromtheflatuplands
andridgetops.
Thesoilsof theridgetopsareStoysiltloam,asomewhatpoorlydrained
soilthatformedinloessunderlamb\'lllinoumglacialtill(Await1979).Soilsof
thewoodedslopesanddrainagesare Hickoryfoam,awelf-drainedsoilthat
developedinlllinoianglacialtill.ThesesoilsoverlaybedrockcomposedofPenn-
sylvanianshaleandsandstone(Dunn1978).
Theclimateiscontinental,characterizedbyhot,humidsummersandcold
winters.WeatherstationrecordsforMarshall,Illinois,about6kmnorthofthe
preserve,indicatethattheareareceivesanaverageannualprecipitationof104
cmwhichfallsmostlyasramduringtheperiodofAprilthroughSeptember
(Weathercom2002).Januaryisthecoldestmonthwithanaveragehightem-
peratureof1°Candanaveragefow^temperature-8°C.Therecordhighforthe
monthwas27°ConJanuary9,1932andtherecordlowwas-31°ConJanuary
18,1930.Julyisthehottestmonthwithanaveragehightemperatureof31°C
andanaveragelowof17°C.Therecordhighforthemonthwas43°ConJuly
14,1936andtherecordlowwas7°ConJuly1,1937(weathercom2002).
1864 BRIT.ORG/SIDA21(3)
MATERIALSANDMETHODS
Theareawasvisitednumeroustunesduringthe1999,2000,and2001growing
seasons.Duringeachtrip,allnew[loweringorIruitingspeciesencountered
werecollected,thespecimensidentified,anddepositedmtheStoverEbinger
Herbarium(RIU)ofEasternIllinoisUniversity,Charleston.Nativestatusand
nomenclaturefollowsMofilenbrock(2002).Allvascularplanttaxaobserved
areenumeratedintheAnnotatedSpeciesList(Appendix1).
Vegetationsamplingtodeterminequantitativeabundanceofwoodyand
herbaceousspecieswasconductedonAugust29and30,2000.Weemployed
thestratified-random line-stripmethodof Lindsay(1955)asmodiliedby
Donselman(1973),Levenson(1973),andDunn(1978).Usingthismethod,over-
storytrees,saplings,shrubs,andgroundlayerstrataweresampledsimulta-
neouslyinrectangularplotspositionedalongtransectlines.
Sampleplotslortheoverstorytrees(s=10.0cmdbh)weredelimitedusinga
100mtapedividedinto25msections.Overstorytreesweresampledin10mx
25m(0.025ha)withfourlocatedalongeachtransect.Alltreeswhosecenters
werelocatedwithintheplotswereincludedinthesample.Aspectoftheplot,
species,anddiameteratbreastheight(dbh)wererecordedloreachindividual
locatedwithintheboundariesofeachplot.Largesaplings(5.0cmdbh-9.9cm
dbhj,intermediatesaplings(s=2.5cmdbh;=s4.9cmdbh),smallsaplings(s^
50.0cmtall;<2.4cmdbh),shrubs,andthegroundlayer(woodyseedlings<50.0
cmtallandallherbaceoustaxa)weresampledinrectangularplotslocatedat
thezero,25m,50m,and75mmarkol thetape.Aspect,species,andthenum-
berolindividualswererecordedlorallvascularplantsineachcategorythat
tellwithinonemeterIromthetapealongasection2.5mlong(0.00025haplot).
Whenallplotsalongthe100mtransectlineweresampled,asectionof1/
2"steelconduitmarked"Edgin2000"wasdrivenateachendolthetapetofa-
cilitatetherelocationofthetransectlineforfuturestudies.Anew100mtransect
line,locatedaminimumof25mdistantfromthefirstlineandperpendicular
totheravinewasthenestablishedandthesamplingproceduresrepeated.This
processwasreplicatedalongten100mtransectlinesprovidingatotalol 40
plotsineachcategory.
Density(trees/ha),basalarea(m-^/ha),frequency(%),relativedensity,rela-
tivedominance,relativefrequency,importancevalue(relativedensity+rela-
tivedominance+relativelrequency/3)andaveragebasalareaweredetermined
loreachspeciesintheoverstorytreestratum.Density(stems/ha),frequency
(%),relativedensityrelativefrequency,andimportancevalue(relativedensity
+relativefrequency/2)weredeterminedforeachspeciesinthesmall,interme-
diate,andlargesapling,shrub,andgroundlayerstrata.
TheFloristicQualityIndex(FQl)ofthesitewasdeterminedusingtheCo-
efficientofConservatism{COassignedtoeachspeciesbyTaftetal.(1997).The
EDGINETAL.,FLORAOFAMERICANBEECHWOODSNATUREPRESERVE 1865
CCforeachspeciesintheIllinoisflorawasdeterminedbyassigninganinteger
from to10(oreachspeciesbasedonitstolerancetodisturbanceanditslidel-
itytohabitatmtegrity.TheFQIisaweightedindexofspeciesrichness(N=
numberofspeciespresent),andisthearithmeticproductoftheaverageCoeffi-
cientofConservatism(C-Value=theaverageofallspeciesCC's)multipliedby
thesquarerootofthespeciesrichness(VN):FQI=C-Value(VN).Thereforethe
FQIindicatesthelevelofhabitatdegradationandprovidesanassessmentof
thequalityoieachtractbasedonthetaxapresent.Itisparticularlyusefulwhen
combinedwithquadrat-basedsamplingmethodsandprovidesawayofmak-
ingquantitativecomparisonsamongsites.TheSorensonCoefficientofCom-
munity(Sorenson1948)wasusedtodeterminethesimilarityoftheground
layervegetationonthedifferentslopeaspectsinthestudyarea.Theindexis
calculatedas2c/(a+h+2c),whereaisthenumberofspeciesuniquetosample
a,histhenumberofspeciesuniquetosampleb,andcisthenumberofspecies
sharedbybothsamples(Small&McCarthy2001).
RESULTSANDDISCUSSION
—
Overstoryandwoodyunderstorycompositionandstructure. Duringthesam-
plingoftheoverstoryatotalof17treespecieswasencountered,includingtwo
understoryspecieshavinglittlechanceofreachingthecanopy;sevenadditional
treespecieswerefoundelsewhereonthepreserve,i.e.,outsidethesampling
transects,accountingforatotalof24species.Overalltreedensitywas249.0
trees/haandtotalbasalareawas22.91m^/ha.Americanbeechrankedfirstin
basalarea,relativedensity,relativedominance,andimportancevalue(Table1).
Itwasthemostfrequentlyencounteredspecies,occurredin70%oftheplots,
andwasevenlydistributedthroughoutmostdiameterclasses.Sugarmaple
rankedsecondinimportancevalueandrelativedensityandthirdinbasalarea.
Itoccurredin57.5%oltheplotsandwasmostabundantinthesmallerdiam-
eterclasseswith63%oftheindividualsencounteredbeinginthe10-19.9cm
diameterclass.QucrcusvelutinaLam.(blackoak)(IV=11.7)andCaryaglabra
(Mill.)Sweet(pignuthickory)(IV=10.0)weretheonlyothertaxaencountered
withimportancevaluesgreaterthan10.Blackoakwasmostabundantinthe
mediumandlargediameterclasseswhilepignuthickorywasmostabundant
inthesmallerdiameterclasses.
Oftheremainingoverstorytrees,tuliptreewastheonlyspeciestoberep-
resentedinmostdiameterclasses,beingpresentmlownumbersmallbutthe
largestdiameterclass(Table1).Caryaovata(Mill.)K.Koch(shagbarkhickory)
waspresentonlyinthesmallerdiameterclasseswithnoindividualsover39.9
cmdbhbeingencountered.Caryatomentosa(PoirexLam.)Nutt.(mockernut
hickory)waspresentinlownumbersinthesmallandmediumdiameterclasses
whileQuercusalbaL.(whiteoak)waspresentonlyinthemediumdiameter
Table1.Density(#/ha)bydiameterclasses(cm),totaldensity(#/ha),basalarea(m/ha),frequency{%),relativedensity,relativedominance,relativefrequency,
importancevalue,andaveragedbharegivenfortreetaxaencounteredduringsamplingofAmericanBeechWoodsNaturePreserve,Clarl<;County,Illinois.
Alsoincludedistheimportancevalueandaveragedbhpertreetaxafromthe1973study(Dunn1978),
Avg. 1973
Total Basal Basal Basal
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 Density Area Freq. Rel. Rel. Rel. Area/ 1973 Area/
-19.9 -29.9 -39.9 -49.9 -59.9 -69.9 -79.9 80.0-(- (#/ha) (mVha) (%) Den. Dom. Freq. IV tree IV tree
Fagusgrandifolia 16.0 12.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 4.0 -- 1.0 63.0 7.34 70.0 25.3 32.0 21.1 26.1 0.12 25.9 0.09
Acersoccharum 29.0 6.0 4.0 5.0 -- 2.0 -- -- 46.0 2.59 57.5 18.5 11.3 17.3 15.7 0.06 15.5 0.06
Quercusvelutina -- 4.0 9.0 6.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 -- 25.0 3.72 30.0 10.0 16.2 9.0 11.7 0.15 7.3 0.13
Caryaglabra 12.0 7.0 8.0 2.0 1.0 -- -- -- 30.0 1.87 32.5 12.1 8.2 9.8 10.0 0.06 4.3 0.08
LinodendronWlipifera 3.0 3.0 4.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 -- 15.0 1.80 25.0 6.0 7.9 7.5 7.1 0.12 5.4 0.18
Caryaovata 11.0 9.0 4.0 -- -- -- -- -- 24.0 0.95 25.0 9.6 4.1 7.5 7.1 0.04 0.8 0.02
Caryatomentoso 4.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 -- -- 13.0 1.02 20.0 5.2 4.5 6.0 5.2 0.08 4.1 0.06
Quercusalba -- -- 4.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 -- -- 7.0 1.12 17.5 2.9 4.9 5.3 4.4 0.16 11.0 0.11
Ouercusrubra -- -- -- -~ 1.0 1.0 -- 1.0 3.0 1.06 10.0 1.2 4.6 3.0 2.9 0.36 8.2 0.14
Ulmusarvericana 6.0 1.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- 7.0 0,13 10.0 2.8 0.6 3.0 2.1 0.02 0.4 0.03
Fraxinuspennsylvanica -- 1.0 -- 2.0 -- -- -- -- 3.0 0.44 7.5 1.2 1.9 2.2 1.8 0.15 0.7 0.11
Nyssasylvatica -- -- 3.0 -- -- -- -- -- 3.0 0.29 7.5 1.2 1.3 2.2 1.6 0.10 6.2 0.04
Ulmusrubra 1.0 1.0 -- 1.0 -- -- -- -- 3.0 0.22 7.5 1.2 1.0 2.2 1.5 0.08
Sassafrasalbidum 3.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3.0 0.04 5.0 1.2 0.2 1.5 1.0 0.01 0.7 0.09
Acerrubrum -- ^- -- -- 1.0 1.0 -- -- 2.0 0.23 2.5 0.4 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.23
Juglansnigra -- -- 1.0 -- -- -- -- -- 1.0 0.08 2.5 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.09
Cornusflonda 1.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1.0 0.01 2.5 0.4 0.0 0.8 0.4 0.01 0.8 0.01
Others(7taxa) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 8.7
Totals 86.0 46.0 51.0 32.0 16.0 14.0 2.0 2.0 249.0 22.91 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
EDGINETAL.,FLORAOFAMERICANBEECHWOODSNATUREPRESERVE 1867
classes.Oftheremainingtrees,mostwerepresentaswidelyscatteredindividu-
alswithtwo,Sassafrasalhidum(Nutt.)Nees(sassafras)andCornusfloridaL.
(floweringdogwood)beingunderstorytrees.
Theoveralltreedensitydeclinedfrom399.0trees/hain1973to249.0trees/
hamthisstudy(Dunn1978)(Table1).Totalbasalareaalsodecreasedfrom33.35
m^/hain1973to22.91m^/hain2000.However,theimportancevaluesfor
Americanbeech,sugarmaple,andmostotherspecieswereverysimilartothose
reportedinthepreviousstudy.Theimportancevalueofshagbarkhickorywas
considerablyhigherinthepresentstudywhilethoseofwhiteoakandredoak
wereconsiderablylower
Sevenspecieshavingacombinedimportanceof8.7inthe1973studywere
notencounteredduringthesamplinginthisstudy.Ofthosespecies,Carya
cordi/ormisCWang.)Koch(bitternuthickory)andFraxinusamericanaL(white
ash)hadIV'stotaling1.5inthe1973studyAmelanchierarhorea(Michx.f.)
Fernald(shadbush),CarpinuscarolinianaWalt,(musclewood),andOstrya
virginiana(Mill.)K.Koch(ironwood)areunderstorytreesthathadacombined
importancevalueof4.8mthe1973study.Sincenopermanenttransectswere
establishedinthepreviousstudy,thesechangesmaybemorereflectiveofsam-
plingerrorratherthanchangesinthecompositionoftheforeststand.Tilia
americanaL.(basswood)(IV=2.4in1973)wasencounteredneitherduringthe
sampling,northesitevisitsandappearstohavebeenextirpatedfromthepreserve.
Intheunderstory,sugarmapleandAmericanbeechrankedfirstandsec-
ond,respectivelyinallthreesaplingcategories.Oftheremainingunderstory
trees,onlyfloweringdogwoodandironwoodwerepresentinallofthesaplmg
categories(Table2).Hickorieswerenotcommonintheunderstoryandnooaks
wereencountered.
Atotalof26dead-standingsaplingswereencounteredin11plots.These
stemswereallinthemediumandsmallsaplingcategoriesandoccurredinplots
locatedonridgetopsorslopeswithaneast,west,orsouthwestaspect.Of26
stemsencountered,19appearedtohavebeentop-killedbyfire(14sugarmaple,
twoironwood,twoAmericanbeech,andonehickory).Sevendead-standingdog-
woodsaplingswereencountered,butitwasnotclearastowhethertheseindi-
vidualsweredeadasaresultoffireoranthracnose.
HydrangeaarborescensL.(wildhydrangea)andLoniceramaackii(Rupr)
Maxim,(bushhoneysuckle)weretheonlyshrubtaxaencountered.Wildhy-
drangeawaspresentinoneplotlocatedinacreekbottomwhileonebushhon-
eysucGkrloeunsdhlrauyberwacosmepnosciotuinotneraenddisntraucptluorte.w—itAhtaotnaolrotfh-7f0atcaixnagwaasspeecnt.countered
inthegroundlayer(Table3).TheCarexspp.(sedges)asagrouprankedfirstin
importancevalue(IV=8.8)andoccurredin50%oftheplots.Pileapumila(L.)A.
Gray(clearweed)rankedsecondinimportancevalue,beingmostabundantin
plotsthatoccurredincreekbottomsandonthenortheast-facingslopes.Sanicula
Table2.Density(stems/ha)arrangedbyaspect,totaldensity(#/ha),frequency(%ofplotsinwhicheachtaxonwasobserved),relativedensity,relativefre-
quencyandimportancevalueforlargesaplings(3=5.0cmdbh-9.9cmdbh),intermediatesaplings{^2,5cmdbh-<5.0cmdbh),andsmallsaplings(>50
cmtall-2,5cmdbh)encounteredduringsamplingofAmericanBeechWoodsNaturePreserve,ClarkCounty,Illinois.
Aspect iplots
LargeSaplings(5-10cmdbh) Total
Crk. Ridge Density Freq. Rel. Rel.
Bot. SW top N W NE SE (#/ha) (%) Den. Freq. IV
Acersaccharum 198 400 400 130 17.5 65.0 46.7 55.9
Fagusgrandifolia 57 66 30 7.5 15.0 20.0 17.5
Carpinuscaroliniana 20 5.0 10.0 13.3 11.7
Cornusflorida 57 10 5.0 5.0 13.3 9.1
Caryaovata 10 5.0 5.8
Totals 171 56 264 400 400 200 100.0 100.0 100.0
IntermediateSaplings(2.5-4.9cmdbh)
Acersaccharum 228 198 132 400 133 800 400 200 30.0 52.6 46.3 49.4
Fagusgrandifolia 57 160 66 198 160 266 400 120 22.5 31.7 34.6 33.2
CCaorrpniunsufslocrairdoaliniana ---- -1-32 8800 3100 25..50 27..69 73..87 73..28
Uimusrubra 80 10 2.5 2.6 3.8 3.2
Caryaovata -- 80 -- 10 2.5 2.6 3.8 3.2
Totals 285 240 396 330 320 480 399 800 800 380 100.0 100.0 100.1
SmallSaplings(>50cmtall-2.4cmdbh)
Acersaccharum 513 720 462 924 80 266 3200 800 600 47.5 43.4 31.1 37.3
FagusgrandifoFia 456 320 66 330 320 33 200 240 37.5 17.4 24.5 20.9
Ostryavirginiana -- 528 400 400 120 12.5 8.7 8.2 8.5
Ulmusrubra 114 80 66 90 15.0 6.5 9.9 8.2
Cornusflorida 57 80 198 66 70 15.0 5.1 9.9 7.5
Asiminatriloba 1280 160 2.5 11.6 1.6 6.6
-
Table2.continued
Aspect Allplots
SmallSaplings{>50cmtall-2.4cmdbh) Total
CBrokt.. SW Rtoipdge N W E S NE SE D(#e/nhsai)ty F(r%e)q. RDeeln.. RFerle.q. IV o3D
Carpinuscaroliniana 57 20 5.0 1.5 3.4 2,5
Fraxinuspennsylvanica 57 66 20 5.0 1.5 3.4 2.5
Prunusserotina 400 20 2.5 1.5 6 .6
Lifiodendrontulipifera 200 2.5 0.7 6 .1
Morusrubra 200 2.5 0.7 6 oo
Sassafrasalbidum 66 2.5 0.7 6
Fraxinusarvericana 66 0,7
Totals 1254 1200 726 2112 560 360 399 5400 1200 380 100,0 100.0 100.0
Table3.Density(#/ha)arrangedbyaspect,totaldensity(#/ha),frequency(%ofplotsinwhicheachtaxonwasobserved),relativedensity,relativefrequency,
andimportancevalueforgroundlayertaxaincludingwoodyspecies(<50cmtall)encounteredduringsamplingofAmericanBeechWoodsNaturePreserve,
ClarkCountyIllinois.
Aspect Allplots
Crk. Ridge Density Freq. Rel. Rel.
Bot. SW top N W E s NE SE (#/ha) {%) Den. Freq. IV
Carexspp. 9324 2880 25974 13320 1332 6660 2000 14100 50.0 10.4 7.2 8.8
Pileapuniila 46620 -- 1998 1332 333 70000 -- 14600 22,5 10,8 3.3 7.0
Saniculaspp. 1332 -- 2664 666 22644 800 4662 28000 ^ 10500 30,0 7.7 4.3 6.0
Asarumcanadensis 87246 -- 800 4662 -- 14600 7,5 10.8 1.1 5.9
Violasororia 11988 800 10656 666 4995 4000 1998 1400 7800 35,0 5,7 5.1 5.4
Liriodendrontulipifera 888 7200 1998 3996 999 800 7326 -- 4500 35.0 3,3 5.1 4.2
Solidagocaesia 8800 7992 9324 333 -- 333 18000 -- 4800 32.5 3.5 4.7 4.1
Impatienscapensis 11544 -- 6660 2664 -- 333 2000 4600 20.0 3.4 2,9 3.1
Table3.continued Aspect Allplots
Crk. Ridge Density Freq. Rel. Rel.
Bot. SW top N W E S NE SE (#/ha) (%) Den. Freq. IV
Acetsaccharum 1332 1600 7326 1998 333 3200 333 -- __ 2500 30.0 1.8 4.3 3.0
Polystichum 1332 1600 666 1332 333 8000 16000 1700 27.5 1.3 4,0 2.7
acrostichoides
Sassafrasalbldum -- 8800 4662 333 1600 333 2200 22.5 1.6 3.3 2.5
Parthenocissus 1776 3200 666 6660 -- 1600 2200 20.0 1.6 2.9 2.3
quinquefollus
Ansaema(nphyllum 444 4800 1998 12000 333 2600 17.5 1,9 2.5 2.2
Ageratinaaltissima 2664 7326 666 -- 800 2000 2000 20.0 1.5 2.9 2.2
Leersiavirgmica 20424 -- -- -- 4600 7.5 3.3 1.0 2.1
APnhtreynmoarolnepvtiorsgtiancihyaanum 117175644 800 666 ---- 9193932 230200000 42060000 1105..00 21..99 21..24 22..11
Galiumconcinnum 444 1332 -- 333 333 40000 2500 15.0 1.8 2.2 2.0
Ulmusrubra 444 800 2664 3200 666 1200 20.0 0.9 2.9 1.9
Fraxinusamericana 888 800 2664 333 2000 900 20.0 0.7 2.9 1.8
Osmorhizaclaytonii 1332 -- 666 330 5600 1600 15.0 1.2 2.2 1.7
Laporteacanadensis 8436 2400 1600 2400 7.5 1.8 1,1 1.4
Prunusserotina -- 1998 3330 -- 1332 900 12.5 0.7 1.8 1.3
Asterspp. 888 -- 666 -- -- 800 2000 600 15.0 0.4 2.2 1.3
Caryaspp. 3200 3996 -- -- -- 1000 12,5 0.7 1.8 1.3
Equisetumarvense 12432 1332 -- -- 2800 2.5 2.0 0.4 1.2
Vitisaestivalis -- 666 -- 8325 2500 2.5 1.8 0.4 1.1
HGOxeaapllaiitusimcsapcpia.rccuateizlaonbsa -9-768 -- 4--662 ---- 999 -- 2000 8000 211218000000 557...050 011...386 001,..177 111...100
CMourhnluesnbfelrognidaaspp. ---- ---- 6763626 2331 -- -- 1108000 25..50 01..13 00..47 01..30
Others(39laxa) 128/6 16000 7992 7326 3996 12800 5661 3200 800 12800 140.0 9.5 20.3 14.9
Totals 170496 63680 109224 146850 43623 49600 44289 214600 24800 136100 100.0 100.0 100.0