Vascular Lesions of the Head and Neck Diagnosis and Management Mark S. Persky, MD, FACS Professor of Otolaryngology New YorkUniversitySchool of Medicine New York, New York Milton Waner, MB, BCh (Wits), MD, FCS (SA) Pediatric Facial Plastic Surgeon Co-Director, Vascular Birthmarks Institute of New York Attending Physician at The Head and NeckInstitute Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Lenox Hill Hospital New York, New York Francine Blei, MD, MBA Co-Director, Vascular Birthmarks Institute of New York Lenox Hill Hospital/North Shore LIJ Health System New York, New York Alejandro Berenstein, MD Director, Hyman-Newman Institute for Neurologyand Neurosurgery Director, Center for Endovascular Surgery Co-Director, Vascular Birthmarks Institute of New York Mount Sinai Health Care System New York, New York Thieme Stuttgart New YorkDelhi Rio Executive Editor: Timothy Y. Hiscock Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing Managing Editor: J. Owen Zurhellen continual development. Research and clinical experience are contin Assistant Managing Editor: Heather Allen ually expanding our knowledge, in particular our knowledge of Senior Vice President, Editorial and Electronic Product Development: proper treatment and drug therapy. Insofar as this book mentions Cornelia Schulze anydosage or application, readers mayrest assured that the authors, International Production Director: Andreas Schabert editors, and publishers have made everyeffort to ensure that such Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer: Sarah Vanderbilt references are in accordance with the state of knowledge at the President: Brian D. Scanlan time of production of the book. 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Such examination is particularly important with drugs that are either rarely used or have been newly released on the market. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references. Everydosage schedule or everyform ofapplication used is entirely at ISBN 978-1-60406-059-1 (hardcover)– ISBN 978-1-62623-087-3 the user’s own risk and responsibility. The authors and publishers request every user to report to the publishers any discrepancies or (eBook) inaccuracies noticed. If errors in this work are found after publica I. Persky, Mark S., editor. II. Waner, Milton, editor. III. Blei, Francine, tion, errata will be posted at www.thieme.com on the product editor. IV. Berenstein, Alex, 1947-editor. description page. [DNLM:1. VascularMalformations–diagnosis. 2. Diagnosis, Differential. 3. HeadandNeckNeoplasms–pathology. 4. Hemangioma–congenital. 5. Hemangioma–therapy. 6. Vascular Malformations–therapy. WG Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprietarynames 220] even though specific reference to this fact is not always made in the RC388.5 616.8'1–dc23 2014020894 text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the pub lisher that it is in the public domain. # 2015 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. Thieme Publishers New York 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001 USA, 1-800-782-3488 customerser [email protected] Thieme Publishers Stuttgart Ru€digerstrasse 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany, +49 [0]711 8931 421 customerser [email protected] Thieme Publishers Delhi A-12, Second Floor, Sector-2, NOIDA-201301, Uttar Pradesh, India, +911204556600 customerser [email protected] Thieme Publishers Rio, Thieme PublicacSo~es Ltda. Argentina Building 16th floor, Ala A, 228 Praia do Botafogo Rio de Janeiro 22250-040 Brazil, +55213736-3631 Printed in China 54 32 1 This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copy right. Anyuse, exploitation, or commercialization outside the narrow ISBN 978-1-60406-059-1 limits set bycopyright legislation, without the publisher’s consent, is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to photo Also available as an e-book: stat reproduction, copying, mimeographing, preparation of micro eISBN 978-1-62623-087-3 films, and electronic data processing and storage. To our patients. v Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix by Steven J. Fishman Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv 1 Classification of Vascular Anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Francine Blei and Michael Wassef 2 CongenitalVascular Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Francine Blei 3 Pathology of Congenital Vascular Lesions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Chad J. Jessup, Megan K. Dishop, Linda Rozell-Shannon, Thuy L. Phung, and Martin C. Mihm Jr. 4 The Natural History, Physical Findings, and Evaluation ofHemangiomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Francine Blei and Milton Waner 5 Hemangioma Syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Anita N. Haggstrom and Ilona J. Frieden 6 Radiologic Evaluation of Hemangiomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Deborah R. Shatzkes and Daniel R. Lefton 7 Medical Management of Hemangiomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Francine Blei 8 Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Milton Waner, Teresa Min-Jung O, and Aaron Fay 9 Radiologic Evaluation of Vascular Malformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Daniel R. Lefton and Deborah R. Shatzkes 10 The Role of Endovascular Surgery in the Management of Vascular Lesions of the Head and Neck . . . . 84 Alejandro Berenstein and Yasunari Niimi 11 Treatment of Port-Wine Stains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Lori A. Brightman, Yoon-Soo Cindy Bae-Harboe, and Roy G. Geronemus 12 The Surgical Management ofVascular Malformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Milton Waner, Teresa Min-Jung O, and Aaron Fay 13 Evaluation and Treatment of Vascular Neoplasms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Theresa N. Tran and Mark S. Persky 14 Pathology of Acquired Vascular Neoplasms of the Head and Neck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Anna R. Laury and Bruce M. Wenig Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 vii