VASCULAR FLORA OF THE OLD MULKEY MEETING HOUSE STATE HISTORIC SITE, MONROE COUNTY, KENTUCKY

2010·9.1 MB·English

by  Ralph L Thompson

FLORA OF THE OLD MULKEY MEETING HOUSE STATE
VASCULAR
MONROE KENTUCKY
COUNTY,
HISTORIC
SITE,
Thompson
Ronald Jones
Ralph
L.
L.
Hancock Biological Station Department ofBiological Sciences
Murray State University Eastern Kentucky University
.
USA
USA
Murray, Kentucky 40271, Richmond, Kentucky 40475,
•
;
[email protected]
Berea College Herbarium, Dept, ofBiology
USA
Berea College, Berea, Kentucky 40404,
,
-
[email protected]
-
RHSUMEN
^
Clwk
americano, bosque mesofftico.
bosque de roble-nogal
; plantas vasculares, plantas invasivas, las comunidades de plantas,
INTRODUCTION
°W
Mulkey park Kentucky
Meeting House Old Mulkey, is the only state in to
hereafter
State Historic Site,
the name The was designated to preserve
and commemorate the history of a church. historic site
ld Mulk Kentucky and the oldest meet-
ey Meeting House, wooden building of its kind in
the oldest
r*
0Use km Tompkinsville
,T wes from the city limits of
t of the Appalachians. Old Mulkey located 0.6
is
36.679722°N
>de1446 Monroe County, Kentucky, at latitude
(Old Mulkey Road) in south-central
bordering Clay County,
85 Kentucky county
705556°W. Monroe County southernmost
a
is
November
Ssee (Fig- 1). Old Mulkey became a part of the Kentucky State Parks system on 8, 1931, as
,l^
^ulkey
Meeting House (Kentucky State Parks 2009).
Shrine
‘ State
Rim
Mulkey Highland of the Interior
Eastern
unglaciated
** is comprised of 32.0 hectares in the
continuum
based Old Mulkey encompasses a of
Woods
Keys and (2002).
et (1995) et al.
m al.
and modified) vegeta-
‘orest (semi-natural
disturbed
vegetation, woodlands, and anthropogenically
Journal of the Botanical Research
Institute of
Texas4(1)
393
The terrain consists of upland ridges, rolling to steep hillsides, rock outcrops, drainage gullies, toe
tion.
narrow ravine, and an alluvial terrace. The topography then transitions to near level slopes with
a
slopes,
m
admixture of forest woodlands bordering a large, open grassy yard. Elevations range from 230 at the
an
m
KY
junction of the Mill Creek floodplain to 274 on an upland area adjoining 1446. The historic site features
War
and an Old
Old Mulkey Meeting House, a Revolutionary patriot pioneer cemetery, a Visitor Center,
the
mowed
Center, a maintenance building, a picnic and playground area, and a large yard primarily of
Visitor
graminoid herbaceous species.
A descriptive floristic study was undertaken of the Old Mulkey Meeting House State Historic Site dur-
WKU)
An
2008-2009 growing seasons. extensive herbarium search (BEREA, EKY, KY, revealed
ing the
Our
a paucity of Monroe County plant specimens from a few incidental collections. objectives were to: 1)
communities
document the vascular plants with representative voucher specimens, describe the plant
2)
present with characteristic species, determine Monroe County distribution records, 4) discuss geology,
3)
and climate of the physical prepare an annotated species with county records, origin (native
soils, site, 5) list
or exotic), invasive plant pest status, vernacular name, plant communities, relative abundance, and collection
Monroe
number(s) for each taxon, and establish a baseline inventory for further botanical study in County.
6)
THE STUDY
SITE
History
Old Mulkey Meeting House represents both the Pioneer Era and the Great Religious Revival Era in the
development of Kentucky history in the early 1800s. Philip Mulkey led a small group of Baptist settlers to
Kentucky in 1773 from what now North Carolina and South Carolina. The congregation established the
is
Mill Creek Church Old Mulkey Meeting House. This group was a
Baptist in 1797 the current of the
at site
part of the Religious Movement, known “The Great Awakening,” that swept the south after
Restoration as First
the Revolutionary War partly to declare separation from the established church in England. John Mulkey,
brother
to Philip, became the minister of the church in 1797 (Rogers 1960).
first
m m
church. and
It measured 15.24 x 9.14 and was built with 12 corners representing the 12 Apostles three
doors symbolic of the Holy had windows, a puncheon floor, clapboard shutters, hand-driven
Trinity. five
It
bogles,
chinked and daubed and peg-leg benches (Kentucky State Parks 2009).
walls, split-log
On
November 200 members into two factions over differences in
1809, the congregation of split
18,
John Mulkey and
Mulkey’s members remained with John retained
150
religious doctrine. After this schism,
the church building, which then became known as “Old Mulkey” or “Old Mulkey Meeting House.” The 50
remaining
members new church Tompkinsville (Rog-
of the congregation and established a Baptist in
left
ers I960). and
John Mulkey was preacher in the Baptist Association for 53 years delivered
a well-respected
2°
JO,000 sermons before he died Old Mulkey on December 13, 1844 (Rogers 1960). After Mulkey’s
at
“
ath
rehgious Mulkey which the existing congrega-
services continued be held Old until 1856, after
> to at
disbanded Old Mulkey was
and former members moved the Church of Christ in Tompkinsville.
to
its
ndoned
following the dissolution of the church (Kentucky State Parks 2009).
ln
the 1870s, Old Mulkey Meeting House was renovated and was used for various religious meetings
"rd
events until 1910, when was again abandoned. In 1925, the Honorable Joe H. Eagle, U.S. Represen-
it
Utlve
and
Monroe County and Reverend William Thomas of Tompkinsville initiated a successful
native,
^P
aign to rebuild and Old Mulkey 1804 form Through their efforts and others, the
restore to (Fig. 2).
its
Mulkey
by Kentucky
Meeting Kentucky shrine the State
House and cemetery were designated a state
ar
Commission
on November (Kentucky Parks 2009).
1931 State
8,
many
cemetery Old Mulkey pioneer parishioners, of
Old Mulkey place of 76
at the final resting
is
.
^°m
were Revolutionary War Among those gravestone markers are Hannah Boone (1746-1828)
soldiers.
&
How-
Howard, Obadiah
Lieutenar William
Nathan James Chism, John Giss, Joseph Gist,
Breed,
»t
ar
p
- hilip Mulkey, John Newton Mulkey John Mulkey), Edward Pediford, General Samuel Wilson
(son of

is, Flora of Old Mulkey Meeting House State Historic Site
Mississippi shaly siltstones, greenish-gray to light gray weathering to yellowish-gray of the Salem and
m
Warsaw Limestones are present on gentle side slopes and hillsides to the upper elevations from 256
to
m
252 (Witkind 1971). These calcareous shales are not distinguishable from the shaly siltstone beds of the
m
underlying Fort Payne Formation and often form rock outcrops. From 252 275 m, Salem and Warsaw
to
Limestones underlie the upland areas of Old Mulkey to the eastern boundary with KY 1446. Exposed lime-
medium
acme outcrops consist of to dark gray, thick-bedded, fine to medium carbonate grains with
fossil
and cemented
fragments tightly oolites (Witkind 1971).
Garmon
The soils of the Association form an almost continuous band from
the spring-fed ravine to the
20-60%
steep west-trending hillside slope adjacent to Mill Creek. Garmon Shaly Loams on 12-20%
Silt
&
slopes lie along the ravine slopes and upper hillside slopes near the northern boundary (Mitchell Latham
These medium cm
1982). residual soils are acidic to neutral in reaction, moderately deep to 100-152 deep,
well-drained, and are composed of calcareous shaly limestone bedrock. Lowell Loams 2-6%
Silt of slopes,
found around
are the old cemetery and picnic area and also on small upland benches and ridges on
lie
6-12%
slopes south
of the Visitor’s Center. These interbedded limestone, and
shale, siltstone residual
soils
are strongly acid to neutral in reaction, well-drained, gently sloping and are than 122-152 cm deep
less to
&
bedrock (Mitchell Latham Waynesboro Loams 6-12% and 12-20%
1982). of slopes slopes are present in
much
of the uplands around the Visitor’s Center and along the KY 1446 roadside shoulders. These residual
soils are strongly cm
acid or very strongly acid in reaction, well-drained, and 61-203 deep on moderately
steep upland slopes. Waynesboro Clay Loams 6-12% 12-30% on
of to slopes hillside slopes the
lie at
southeastern boundary
These
area. residual, well-drained soils are strongly acidic to very strongly acidic in
&
reaction and 96-203 cm
deep Latham
(Mitchell 1982).
^
continental
climate of south-central Kentucky temperate, humid mesothermal with water
is little defi-
&
warm
aarey,
to hot summers, and mild to cold winters (Trewartha Horn 1980). Kentucky climatic data
(1971-2000) km
from Summer
are the weather station at Shade, Metcalfe County, ca. 35 northwest of the
0W
Mulkey
Mean cm cm
site. annual precipitation is 128.0 with March the highest at 13.0 and October the
est at 8.1 cm, and mean cm cm
includes a annual snowfall of 27.7 with 20.8 in January and February.
gh
1 annual
temperature is 13.8°C with January the coldest month at 1.4°C and July the warmest month
*
4
Median
'8°C.
length of the growing season 183 days with April 17 the median spring and
is last frost
^obcr
18 the median
(Kentucky Climate Center 2009).
first fall frost
,ar PlamS
WCre
collecte(T from 17 all day field trips during the growing seasons of 2008 (10 trips) and
20C»
7
„ triPs)- The master voucher specimen set for this floristic study is deposited at the Berea College
.
Hcrbari
a (BEREA). NRCS
Vernacular nai Chester et al. (2009) or USDA, (2010). The
-1
.
rr
,s for
origin of taxa are from Thompson (2008). Nomenclature of taxa and classification of families is
°n
ones
^ (2005), except in the case of a few woody plants where the nomenclature follows Clark and
W
k
(2008)
J°nes (2005) and Gleason and Cronquist (1991) were used in identifies
'
fordetT^
d
on
Thompson A
(2007). single relative abundance or occurrence value (rare, scarce, infrequent,
^
10na
frequent,
^’ abundant) is assigned for each taxon and is inclusive for all plant communities. Inva-
S(v
Pest
plant
status from Kentucky
(severe threat, significant threat, lesser threat) is the Exotic Plant Pest
^Hist
(KY-EPPC
=
2009). Relative species richness was derived from the species-area equation (S
^
m
Wade
^ and Tfr° Pson (1991). A predicted species richness (S) may be calculated by inserting
a knowwnn
value
in hectares (A) and a deviation value calculated from actual number of species divided by
number
of
species.
A
plant community is defined as an assemblage of associated species with a definite floristic composition
under consistent habitat conditions with a uniform physiognomy (Thilenius 1968). Our
relatively
floristic
plant communities are based on Thilenius’s concept: the structural physiognomy, species composition of the
characteristic or diagnostic canopy, subcanopy, and herbaceous species, and habitat diversity (combination
and topographic-moisture
of physiographic terrain, soils, geology, relief).
AND
RESULTS DISCUSSION
Summary
Taxonomic
Vascular flora of Old Mulkey consists of 415 species in 266 genera from 105 families (Table 1). In several
no
cases, an infraspecific category, subspecies or variety, is given for a species, but in instance is there
i.e.,
more than one infraspecific category per species. Taxonomic distribution includes 10 species of Polypo-
diophyta, species of Pinophyta, and 400 species of Magnoliophyta (301 Magnoliopsida, 99 Liliopsida).
five
were woody
Eighty-three (20.00%) are naturalized or introduced exotics (Table Ninety-six (23.13%)
1).
A
Monroe County
and 319 (76.87%) were herbaceous of 319 species (76.87%) are distribution
species. total
No
records, which indicative of an inadequately collected county. rare state-listed taxa were encountered
is
KSNPC
based on (2009). The families containing the most species are the Asteraceae (51), Poaceae (46),
Fabaceae Cyperaceae Rosaceae Scrophulariaceae and Lamiaceae Care* is the larg-
(10).
(25), (24), (17), (11),
genus with 21
est taxa.
The This rare
presence of the recently-described, facultative calciphile, Carex superata, is significant.
sedge is growing on the lower slope of a small mesic ravine in Garmon calcareous shaly silt loam soils ad-
has
jacent to a spring-fed creek at Old Mulkey. In Kentucky, this taxon is near its northern range limit; it
and Todd Counties
only been documented from Cumberland, Monroe,
three counties bordering Tennessee;
Species Richness
&
(Wade
Using Regions
the species-area curve Mixed and Western Mesophytic Forest
for floras in the
Thompson 1991), the predicted species richness is 402 species for a 32.0-ha site. The actual species rich
number dividedby
Old Mulkey
ness at is 415 species. The relative species richness from the actual species
ample
an
of
the predicted species gave a deviation value of +1.03%. This species richness value is indicative
survey Old Mulkey
for the study
site.
Invasive Species
Kentucky
At Old Mulkey, based on the
43 (51.80%) of the naturalized species are invasive plant pests
threat
“severe
Exotic Pest Plant Council (KY-EPPC 2009). Eighteen invasive species are classified as
list
ha
4.0
The woody approximately
plants. worst invasive. Vinca minor forms extensive ground cover over
,
Forest
Mesophytic
of the Mesophytic Forest community. Lonicera japonica found throughout both
is
F
Oak-Hickory
Oak-Hickory
Forest. Pueraria montana var. lobata entangled in localized areas of the
is
U&istrumsfr
Among
the “severe threat” species, Ailanthus dtissima Euonymus alatus
Celastrus orbiculatus,
,
,
Forest^
Oak-Hickory
and
ense, Lonicera maackii, Rosa multiflora, are growing in a small restricted area of
th
woodland KY “significant
forest ecotones east of the Visitor’s Center and adjacent to 1446. Thirteen
The
and
invasives 12 Old Mulkey.
“lesser threat” invasives are present within the boundaries of
mowed yar
the invasives are widespread herbaceous
species in culturally disturbed habitats, e.g.,
^
Mulkey
KY Old
historic site and the 1446 roadside shoulders contiguous with the eastern boundary of
anKU
are
Oak-Hickory Two
Forest. introduced and Pyrus calleryana, P'
exotic trees, Koelreuteria paniculata
Old
at the
Visitor’s Center.
i»P*
to
The continue
consequences
of not controlling woody naturalized invasives will ultimately
audits
the native
flora, vegetation, and habitats Old Mulkey Meeting House Historic Site
State
at
Invasive species,
plant species have native
the deleterious effects of displacing and out-competing
the pattern of and disrupting
progressive
plant succession, influencing decomposition processes,
&
Euony**
cycles (Poindexter Thompson Among
2009). orbiculatus,
the “severe threat” taxa, Celastrus
397
2.41
1.20
Magnoliophyta 255
Uliopsida
21 23.86
Magnoliopsida
201
62
72.53
105 266
83
100.00
and
Lonicera maackii, Vinca minor have extended their geographical range based on the maps of Clark and
;
Weckman
woody
(2008). All severe threat invasive species, except for Lonicera japonica and Vinca
minor,
could be controlled because
of the small areas of establishment the current Treatments
at time. for effectively
removing and
destroying woody
aggressive invasive pest plants at Old Mulkey are highly recommended
through
foliar application, hack and spray, and/or cut/paint stem-stump applications of herbicides
(e.g.,
thdopyr
with and
2.4-D
glyphosate).
nant
communities
are described with and
physical features characteristic species in the predominant Meso-
phytic Forest and Oak-Hickory
communities
Forest types. Plant are further discussed within these two major
community
orest
types in context including ecotonal forest woodland border, intermittent creek drainage
area, and
culturally disturbed areas. The anthropogenically derived plant community includes the
historic
mowed
site
yard, cemetery, playground, picnic area, and the roadside shoulder and ditch of asphalt-paved
W
1446 (Old Mulkey
Road).
Mesophytic Forest—
The Mesophytic Forest community encompasses the largest part of the forested Old
ulkey
and
site, it forms a mosaic throughout with the Oak-Hickory Forest community on upland
hillside
pes mids
’ lopes, lower slopes, side slopes, and drainage gullies on the central to western and northern
f°
^ries.
Mesophytic
Forest continues through a mesic west-facing ravine with a natural spring-fed creek,
•j*ine
slopes, and
toe slopes, and ends in an alluvial floodplain terrace near the junction with Mill Creek
at
it
extreme
western
boundary. The closed-canopy comprised primarily of very shade
is tolerant to partially
e
tc,lerant
trees. Diagnostic canopy trees in general order of abundance are Fagus Acer
grandifolia, sac-
Quercus
, alba, Q. rubra, Liriodendron tulipifera, Carya cordiformis, Aesculusflava, Fraxinus americana, Q.
enbergii Morus
rubra, Nyssa sylvatica, Ulmus rubra, and Tiiia americana. In species composition, this forest
,
tnunity
is comparable
to a combination of the Fagus grandifolia-Acer saccharum-(Liriodendron
tulipifera)
est
Alliance and
^ the Fagus grandifolia-Quercus rubra- Quercus alba Forest Alliance of the Land Between
Nati°
nal Ar
Recreation ea (NatureServe 2004). Evans (1991) characterizes this forest type as the
Acicfc
ie
Mesophytic
Forest. Several large mesophytic trees, Acer saccharum, Fagus grandifolia, Liriodendron
m
•Pi/era,
Quercus
alba, Q.falcata, Q. muhlenbergii, and Q. rubra, are 0.70 dbh or greater. Trees measuring
m
10
r
dbh
are Fagus and
Quercus
grandifolia alba.
develo
ed woody
P tail-shrub layer and vines are present particularly within the spring-fed ra-
rk
>
racter
istic taxa are Asimina Bignonia capreolata, Corylus americana. Hydrangea arborescens,
triloba,
Utx
^
n<*era benzoin, Menispermum canadense, Sambucus canadensis, Smilax hispida, Staphylea
trifolia,
m
acer
and woody
tfolium, The most abundant invasive plant, Vinca minor, forms
Vitis rotundifolia.
ground
cover in several upland and lowland mesic areas.
n
e
t Mesophytic
Forest community, the species richness increases with the presence of several spring
species
*
especially within the spring-fed ravine. Indicator perennials include Arisaema triphyl-
.
Sarum
canadense,
Carex amphibola, C. cumberlandensis, C. kraliana, C. oligocarpa, C. rosea, Erythronium
anurn M
Galium
’ triflorum. aianthemum racemosum, Pachysandra procumbens, Poa autumnalis.
Iris cristata,
Dip
1
Flora of Old Mulkey Meeting House State Historic Site
(s,
Desmodium nudiflorum, Dichanthelium acuminatum, D. boscii, Galium circaezans, G. pilosum, Goodyera pubes-
Phryma
crn, Qxalis violacea, leptostachya. Podophyllum peltatum. Polygonum virginianum, Sanicula canadensis,
Scutellaria elliptica, Solidago caesia, Tipularia discolor, and Viola palmata. Ferns include Asplenium platyneuron,
Botrychium dissectum, B. virginianum, Phegopteris hexagonoptera, Polystichum acrostichoides, and Woodsia ob-
A
unique stand of Oak-Hickory Forest is found on a steep, west-trending shaly hillside above Mill Creek
« the southwestern boundary. Dominant canopy trees and shrubs include those characteristic of the Oak-
Some
Hkkory Forest community. indicator species found only on the thin calcareous shaly outcrops
soil,
at the upper and midslope are Carex communis. Coreopsis major, Dodecatheon meadia, Heuchera americana,
Porteranthus stipulatus, Saxifraga virginiensis, and Solidago sphacelata. Other characteristic species include
fyrostis perennans, Arabis laevigata, Asplenium platyneuron, Carex albicans, Houstonia purpurea, Paronychia
canadensis, Solidago caesia, and Sphenopholis nitida. The exposed soils of the lower slope are colonized by
Cystopteris bulbifera, Eurybia macrophylla. Hydrangea arborescens, Lindera benzoin, and Sambucus canadensis.
—
A
Ecotonal Woodland Border. forest ecotonal woodland border of Oak-Hickory Forest and Mesophytic
Forest surrounds the Culturally Disturbed community of the historic site. The flora consists of an admixture
woody
and
of serai herbaceous species from the Oak-Hickory Forest, Mesophytic Forest, and the Culturally
Disturbed yard. This secondary successional woodland community has an assemblage of shade-intolerant
very woody
to shade-intolerant species. Pirns virginiana, Rhus copallina, Robinia pseudoacacia, Rosa Carolina,
Ruhus SmUax
argutus, bona-nox, glauca Toxicodendron radicans, Ulmus alata, and Vacdnium corymbosum,
S.
,
are present along with the saplings of several intermediate to shade-intolerant species of Carya and Quercus.
Suffrutescent
plants include Chimaphila maculata and Hypericum stragulum. Herbaceous species occupying
community
this
include Agrimonia Antennaria Carex Desmodium
rostellata, plantaginifolia, albicans, glabellum,
Dichanthelium
commutatum,
D. laxiflorum, Elephantopus caroUnianus, Erigeron annuus, E. philadelphicus, Galium
opanne,
Hypericum
punctatumjuncus
tenuis, Luzula echinata, Oxalis violacea, Ruellia caroliniensis, Salvia lyrata,
Scutellaria nervosa, and Viola sororia var. sororia. The omnipresent Lonicerajaponica and Toxicodendron radicans
are
interspersed along these ecotonal woodland edges among numerous other woody and herbaceous
forest
A
small
open, xeric woodland border of Oak-Hickory Forest has a herbaceous composition
floristic
“f several
prairie species descriptive of a prairie-like barren. This mid-seral stage community is found on a
south-trending
hillside edge near the spring and southwest of the Old Mulkey Meeting House adjacent to the
*®°wed
ar
y d. Characteristic perennial graminoids are Andropogon virginicus var. virginicus, Carex hirsutella,
nthelium
commutatum, D. laxiflorum, Elymus glabriflorus, and Tridens Jlavus. Broad-leaved annual and
P^nnial
prairie-like forbs include Asclepias tuberosa, Aureolaria virginica, Chamaecrista nictitans, Croton mo-
"“"diogynus,
Desmodium
Euphorbia Hieracium
rotundifolium, Diodia Erigeron strigosus, corollata, gronovii,
teres,
M
#ahi/lora,
Lespedeza intermedia, L. procumbens, anfreda virginica, Packera anonyma, Penstemon canescens,
'hgonemoralis,
and
Spiranthes tuberosa, Vernonia gigantea.
The
secondary succession barren community has been severely influenced by continual
prairie-like
”’°Wln
of ad mowing
g the perennial prairie species during the last two years. The practice has continually
expanding
mowing
the established mowed yard area into the woodland prairie-like border. This close
j^Ke
is effectively destroying the herbaceous prairie species by allowing encroachment of undesirable
utahzed
grasses from the yard and an increase in embankment erosion. is recommended that this
It
e-like
barrens community should not be mowed at all to allow for natural plant succession.
^Culturally
Disturbed Community.—Anthropogenic affects on the flora diversity at the Old Mulkey site
occurred
numerous The Disturbed community includes plants
times throughout Culturally
history.
its
IJ/'Wng the extensive mowed yard, cemetery, playground and picnic area, asphalt and gravel roadsides,
gr°Und b a maintenance building, and the ruderal KY 1446 roadside shoulder and ditch con-
y
%qu
with
the ecotonal woodland Anthropogenic influences have created a weedy vegetation of
border.
exotic
and
native annuals, some biennials, and several perennial herbs of the Asteraceae, Brassicaceae,
;
among
iceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae, id Polygonaceae, other families. Cynodon
dacty-
Ion, Digitaria sanguinalis, Festuca arundinacea, Pasj ilum pubiflorum, Poa compressa, and pratensis
P. are
the
mowed
and
principal grasses in the yard. Naturalizec annual perennial herbs include Cardamine
hirsute,
Cerastium vulgatum, Draba verna, Lespedeza stipulac L. striata, Medicago lupulina, Ornithogalum umbellatum,
x,
Poa annua Sherardia arvensis, Stellaria media, Tara lcum officinale. Trifolium dubium, T. repens, and Veronica
,
include Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Carex cephalophora, C. glaucodea, Claytom
virginica, Dentaria multifida, Euphorbia maculata, E. nutans, Gamochaeta purpurea, Houstonia caeruleajuncus
and The
tenuis, Krigia virginica, Luzula echinata, Oxalis stricta, Viola sororia var. sororia. introduced Narcissus
pseudonarcissus has persisted in the cemetery among an intense ground cover of Vinca minor. A few
natural-
ized herbaceous plants only found one ground-disturbed around a maintenance building near
at site the
Visitor’s Center are Amaranthus spinosus, Anagallis arvensis var. arvensis Cerastium glomeratum, Chenopodim
,
album, Fatoua villosa, Lolium perenne var. aristatum, Mentha xpiperita, Secale cereale, Thlaspi alliaceum, Tritirum
KY mowed
The 1446 and by many same
roadside shoulder ditch are colonized of the ruderal natural-
and
ized native taxa present in the culturally disturbed yard. Characteristic forbs include Allium vineak,
Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Bidens bipinnata, Carduus nutans. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Cichorium intybus,
Daucus and
Coronilla varia, carota, Lactuca saligna, Melilotus alba, Sonchus asper, Verbascum blattaria, V. thap-
sus. Grasses include Andropogon virginicus var. virginicus, Bromus commutatus, Dactylis glomerata, Digitaria
and
sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, Festuca arundinacea, Paspalum pubiflorum, Setaria pumila. Sorghum halepense,
Tridensflavus.
ANNOTATED
OF
LIST SPECIES
The
annotated Pinophyta,
arranged by and Polypodiophyta,
list is alphabetically family, genus, species in the
and
Magnoliophyta (Magnoliopsida and Each taxon entry has a symbol code preceding the scien-
Liliopsida).
name
Monroe County introduced
tific for record (o), naturalized exotic species invasive plant species (**),
(*),
exotic species and native planted species A vernacular name, plant community type(s), an inclusive
(4), (t).
relative abundance value, and representative voucher specimen number(s) ensue for every taxon. After the
MF
vernacular name, a code for plant communities follows: OF (Oak-Hickory Forest), (Mesopl
WB
CD
Woodland
(Forest Ecotone Border), IC (Intermittent Creek Drainage), and (Cultura
present
Community).
These communities species
are listed in sequence of importance for a characteristic
A
1-4
abundance comm
relative value for e plant ;:R (Rare)—
11
—
H|
in
nies, very difficult to find in one or S (Scarce) _5-1__0 plants or colonie lifficult to find
t' ",
O
few
locations; (Infrequent)— 11-30 some (Occas
I plants or colonies, scattered in locations;
eas-
plants or colonies, widely scattered in several F (Frequent)—101-1000 plants or colonies,
locations;
or
A diagnostic
found numerous
ily in locations; and (Abundant)— than 1000 plants or colonies,
greater
number by
dominant
species throughout many An
voucher specimens) collection
locations.
italicized
author
first in a year-number
(e.g., 08-558; 09-757 format ends each taxon entry.
)
Christmas
POLYPODIOPHYTA
Schott,
(Michx.)
Polystichum acrostichoides
MF, OF; 08-752
F;
cliff
Blunt-lobed
»
Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr.,
?uron (L) BSP, Ebony spleenwort; OF; O;
08-868
R;
Ophioglossaceae
eferrc#
nCystopteris
bulbifera
(L) Bernhardi, Bulblet bladder OF;
fern;
09-776
08-651
S; S; MR
1
r
OF,
^chium
Sw,
virginianum (L)
Cystopteris protrusa (Weath.) I
Southern
Blasdell, bladder
fern-
MF; 08-285
09468 '
08-738,
R;