Varieties of Governance in China: Migration and Institutional Change in Chinese Villages PDF
Preview Varieties of Governance in China: Migration and Institutional Change in Chinese Villages
Varieties of Governance in China Varieties of Governance in China Migration and Institutional Change in Chinese Villages Jie Lu 1 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 © Oxford University Press 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lu, Jie, 1977– Varieties of governance in China : migration and institutional change in Chinese villages / Jie Lu. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978–0–19–937874–6 (hardback) 1. Local government—China. 2. Village communities—China. 3. Rural-urban migration—Political aspects—China. 4. China—Rural conditions. 5. Organizational change—China. I. Title. JS7353.A8L84 2014 320.8’50951—dc23 2014009443 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper To my parents: Fujin Lu and Yufen Li CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix 1. Introduction 1 2. Local Governance in Transformed Communities 19 3. Evolution of China’s Rural Governance and Rural–Urban Migration 49 4. Local Public Goods Provision, Institutional Performance, and Rural–Urban Migration in Chinese Villages 84 5. Transformed Social Foundations of Governance in Rural China: Rural–Urban Migration and Social Environments in Chinese Villages 132 6. Rural–Urban Migration and Contextualized Institutional Choices in Rural China 156 7. Conclusion 181 8. Epilogue: New Opportunities for Rural China’s Governance? 200 Appendix 1: 2008 Asian Barometer Survey Mainland China Survey (ABSMCS) and 2008 National Village Survey (NVS) 207 Appendix 2: Multivariate Probit Regression (MPR) 210 Appendix 3 212 Appendix 4 215 Notes 219 Reference List 255 Index 283 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Although I was born in China, my understanding of and interest in rural China were very limited until I came to Duke in 2003. Early in my time there, I was fortunate to be involved in a project on China’s grassroots democracy co-directed by Tianjian Shi and John Aldrich. As part of the research team, I visited many Chinese rural villages and urban residential communities to observe their local elections and help the Ministry of Civil Affairs (which officially supervises China’s grassroots democracy) revise and standardize the electoral procedure for direct elections in these l ocales. During our field trips, the varying quality of electoral institutions, particu- larly in Chinese villages, amazed me, given the conventional wisdom of a powerful and almost omnipresent Chinese government uniformly impos- ing and enforcing its policies and regulations. Later, as I gradually ex- panded the scope of my observations in rural China from grassroots democracy to its governance in general and learned more about the evolu- tion of numerous policies and institutions in Chinese villages, such vari- ance became even more dramatic and perplexing. Then I decided to do some “serious research” to better understand the dynamics of governance in a significant portion of the country where I was born. For teaching me how to do research with the rigor of modern social sci- ences and effectively connect my empirical work with big theoretical issues, I owe an immense intellectual debt to my advisors Tianjian Shi, John Aldrich, Karen Remmer, and Guillermo Trejo. TJ (as most people called Tianjian Shi) was an academic father-figure to me and was the best advisor any Ph.D. student could have asked for. Always encouraging and supportive, TJ was the key figure who guided me into the field of survey research, taught me survey research techniques, and offered me insightful information and opportunities to do surveys in China. My countless dis- cussions with TJ in his office, minivan, living room, kitchen, and even hotel room gave birth to this project. Without TJ’s guidance, assistance, and generosity in sharing his resources and data, this research would not
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