Variation, Change, and Phonological Theory PDF
Preview Variation, Change, and Phonological Theory
VARIATION, CHANGE AND PHONOLOGICAL THEORY AMSTERDAM STUDIES IN THE THEORY AND HISTORY OF LINGUISTIC SCIENCE General Editor E.F. KONRAD KOERNER (University of Ottawa) Series IV - CURRENT ISSUES IN LINGUISTIC THEORY Advisory Editorial Board Henning Andersen (Los Angeles); Raimo Anttila (Los Angeles) Thomas V. Gamkrelidze (Tbilisi); John E. Joseph (Edinburgh) Hans-Heinrich Lieb (Berlin); Ernst Pulgram (Ann Arbor, Mich.) E. Wyn Roberts (Vancouver, B.C.); Danny Steinberg (Tokyo) Volume 146 Frans Hinskens, Roeland van Hout and W. Leo Wetzeis (eds) Variation, Change and Phonological Theory VARIATION, CHANGE AND PHONOLOGICAL THEORY Edited by FRANS HINSKENS University of Nijmegen ROELAND VAN HOUT University of Tilburg W. LEO WETZELS Free University of Amsterdam JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY AMSTERDAM/PHILADELPHIA The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Variation, change, and phonological theory / edited by Frans Hinskens, Roeland van Hout, and Leo Wetzeis. p. cm. - (Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Series IV, Current issues in linguistic theory, ISSN 0304-0763 ; v. 146) Includes bibliographical references and indexes. 1. Language and languages-Variation. 2. Grammar. Comparative and general-Phonol ogy. 3. Linguistic change. 4. Dialectology. I. Hinskens, Frans. II. Hout, Roeland van. III. Wetzeis, W. Leo. IV. Series: Amsterdam studies in the theory and history of linguistic science. Series IV, Current issues in linguistic theory : v. 146. P120.V37V359 1997 417-dc21 97-38868 ISBN 90 272 3650 X (Eur.) / 1-55619-861-2 (US) (Hb : alk. paper) CIP © Copyright 1997 - John Benjamins B.V. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. John Benjamins Publishing Co. · P.O.Box 75577 · 1070 AN Amsterdam · The Netherlands John Benjamins North America · P.O.Box 27519 · Philadelphia PA 19118-0519 · USA Contents Preface vii Contributors ix Frans Hinskens, Roeland van Hout and W. Leo Wetzeis Balancing Data and Theory in the Study of Phonological Variation and Change 1 Arto Anttila Deriving Variation from Grammar 35 Peter Auer Co-Occurrence Restrictions between Linguistic Variables A Case for Social Dialectology, Phonological Theory and Variation Studies 69 і orowsky and Barbara Horvath L-Vocalization in Australian English 101 Gregory R. Guy Competence, Performance, and the Generative Grammar of Variation 125 William Labov Resyllabification 145 Maria-Rosa Lloret When does Variability become Relevant to Formal Linguistic Theory? 181 Marc van Oostendorp Style Levels in Conflict Resolution 207 vi CONTENTS Sharon Rose Featural Morphology and Dialect Variation The Contribution of Historical Change 231 Norval Smith Shrinking and Hopping Vowels in Northern Cape York Minimally Different Systems 267 Author index 303 Language index 309 Subject index 311 Preface This book grew out of a workshop on language variation and linguistic theory, held at the University of Nijmegen, September 3-5, 1995. The workshop con centrated on a small set of theoretical, empirical and methodological questions regarding the relationship between, on the one hand, theoretical linguistics (here understood in its narrow meaning of the study of synchronic grammar) and, on the other hand, variation in language, here understood in its broad sense of comprising temporal, geographical and social dimensions: historical linguistics, dialectology, and sociolinguístics. The contributions to the workshop focused on phonological variation and change. We are grateful to all the participants in the workshop for their presentations and for their constructive participation in the discussions, as well as to Jacqueline Berns for providing the administrative and organisational support needed to make the workshop successful. Unfortunately, not all the contributors to the workshop succeeded in pre paring their paper for publication in this volume. Out of the papers submitted, the contributions that are here presented were chosen after being reviewed by the editors. Whenever doubt or disagreement justified such action, outside re viewers were consulted. The introductory paper that we have added intends to provide the background information necessary for the non-specialist interested in the topics discussed, as well as to tie together the themes treated in the various contributions by briefly pointing out a number of issues in connection with the balance (or lack thereof) between theory and data in the study of phonological variation and change. We wish to thank Anne Cutler, Peter Gilles, Ben Hermans, Henk van den Heuvel, Beth Hume, Haike Jacobs, Judith Schoonenboom, and Laura Walsh Dickey for discussing the contributions of the key-note speakers at the work shop and/or reviewing some of the submissions. We are indebted to Bernard Bichakjian for checking our introductory contribution for grammar and style. Many thanks also go to Jeroen van de Weijer for correcting the English in some of the papers, helping to prepare the indexes, as well as for preparing the ca mera-ready manuscript. The organisation of the workshop was made possible thanks to the finan cial assistance of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Netherlands Foundation for Scientific Research, the Center for Language Stu dies, the Foundation for Applied Linguistic Congresses, the Department of General Linguistics and Dialectology, the Faculty of Arts, as well as the Uni versity Board of the University of Nijmegen and the Research Group on Lan- viii PREFACE guage and Minorities of the University of Tilburg; The Holland Institute of Generative Linguistics gave financial support from funds provided by the Uni versitair Stimuleringsfonds of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.. We gratefully acknowledge their support. Frans Hinskens' contribution to both the organisa tion of the workshop and the preparation of this book has been made possible in part by a fellowship of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences, and has profited from a visiting professorship at the Department of Linguistics of the Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. A particular statement of gratitude goes to these institutions. The editors Nijmegen, July 1997 Contributors Arto Anttila Frans Hinskens Linguistics/Department of Modern Department of General Linguistics Foreign Languages and Literatures and Dialectology Boston University University of Nijmegen 718 Commonwealth Avenue Erasmusplein 1 Boston, MA 02215 6525 HT Nijmegen USA The Netherlands [email protected] [email protected] Peter A uer Barbara Horvath Germanisches Seminar Department of Linguistics University of Hamburg University of Sydney Von-Melle-Park 6 Sydney, NSW 2006 20146 Hamburg Australia Germany [email protected] [email protected] Tony Borowsky Roeland van Hout Department of Linguistics Center for Language Studies University of Sydney Tilburg University Sydney, NSW 2006 5000 LE Tilburg Australia The Netherlands [email protected] [email protected] Gregory Guy William Labov Department of Languages, Linguistics Laboratory, Department Literatures and Linguistics of Linguistics York University University of Pennsylvania 4700 Keele St. 1106 Blockley, 418 Service Dr. North York, Ontario M3J 1P3 Philadelphia, PA 19104-6021 Canada USA [email protected] [email protected]
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