ValuFocus Investing Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons is the oldest independent publishing company in the United States. With offices in North America, Europe, AustraliaandAsia,Wileyisgloballycommittedtodevelopingandmarketing print and electronic products and services for our customers’ professional andpersonalknowledgeandunderstanding. TheWileyFinanceseriescontainsbookswrittenspecificallyforfinance and investment professionals as well as sophisticated individual investors and their financial advisors. Book topics range from portfolio manage- menttoe-commerce,riskmanagement,financialengineering,valuationand financialinstrumentanalysis,aswellasmuchmore. For a list of available titles, please visit our Web site at www.Wiley Finance.com. ValuFocus Investing A Cash-Loving Contrarian Way to Invest in Stocks RAWLEY THOMAS WITH WILLIAM F. MAHONEY John Wiley & Sons, Inc. CoverDesign:Leiva-Sposato. CoverArt:Dollarbird,(cid:2)c TomNance/IStockphoto.Origamigreenbird,(cid:2)c ks777/ iStockphoto. Copyright(cid:2)c 2013byRawleyThomasandWilliamF.Mahoney.Allrightsreserved. PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey. PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedin anyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,or otherwise,exceptaspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyright Act,withouteitherthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthrough paymentoftheappropriateper-copyfeetotheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222 RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,(978)750-8400,fax(978)646-8600,orontheWeb atwww.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshouldbeaddressedtothe PermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030, (201)748-6011,fax(201)748-6008,oronlineathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. 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HG4661.T492012 332.63(cid:3)22–dc23 2012011620 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To: Benoit Mandelbrot, Bart Madden, The LCRT Brain Trust, The PDDARI Gang and my Family —Rawley Thomas To: Indi, Carroll, Deb and my Family —William F. Mahoney Contents Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxi SECTIONONE TheLCRTInvestmentProcess 1 CHAPTER1 IntroducingOurInvestmentProcess 5 KeyTakeaways 8 CHAPTER2 ABetterWaytoInvestinStocks 9 PuttheFocusintheRightPlace:OnaCompany’s FundamentalValue 9 WeBringYouanImprovedMethodology 10 BasingDecisionsonUnder-andOvervaluationbythe Market 12 TheKey:RecognizingtheInflectionPoints 13 LookingatOurModel 14 KeyTakeaways 16 CHAPTER3 AdvantagesofEconomic,Cash-BasedModeling 17 KeyTakeaway 21 CHAPTER4 AnalyzingMentalModels 23 KeyTakeaways 26 vii viii CONTENTS CHAPTER5 TheValueCreationProcess 27 CostofCapitalandCompanyReturnonCapital 27 TheImportanceofAdjustingforInflation 28 WhereWeAreGoing 29 KeyTakeaways 31 CHAPTER6 TheCorporatePerspective 33 TheFocusforBothConstituencies:ValueCreation 33 EarningsAretheWrongMeasure 36 ExecutiveCompensation 38 CreatinganInformationAdvantage 41 KeyTakeaways 44 SECTIONTWO ABriefHistoryofInvestingandModeling 45 CHAPTER7 RelevantMarketHistoryofInvesting 47 StartwithConceptsofRiskandUncertainty 48 MigratetowardValueandMarketInefficiency 49 EnterModernPortfolioTheory 50 AnEmphasisonEarnings,Plus 51 LeadingtoMultifactorModeling 51 FindingtheRightFactors 52 DissectingaMultifactorModel 53 KeyTakeaways 54 CHAPTER8 InterpretingMarketHistory 55 MarketIsDealingwithPriceChange,NotPriceLevel 56 BringingHistoryUptoNow 59 BacktoEarnings:WhyTheyStillPrevail 60 KeyTakeaways 62
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