fm JWBK129-Willain March18,2008 14:0 CharCount=0 vi fm JWBK129-Willain March18,2008 14:0 CharCount=0 Value in Time i fm JWBK129-Willain March18,2008 14:0 CharCount=0 Foundedin1807,JohnWiley&Sonsistheoldestindependentpublishing companyintheUnitedStates.WithofficesinNorthAmerica,Europe,Aus- tralia, and Asia, Wiley is globally committed to developing and marketing printandelectronicproductsandservicesforourcustomers’professional andpersonalknowledgeandunderstanding. TheWileyTradingseriesfeaturesbooksbytraderswhohavesurvived the market’s ever changing temperament and have prospered—some by reinventing systems, others by getting back to basics. Whether a novice trader, professional, or somewhere in-between, these books will provide theadviceandstrategiesneededtoprospertodayandwellintothefuture. For a list of available titles, please visit our Web site at www.Wiley Finance.com. ii fm JWBK129-Willain April19,2008 11:54 CharCount=0 Value in Time Better Trading through Effective Volume PASCAL WILLAIN John Wiley & Sons, Inc. iii fm JWBK129-Willain March18,2008 14:0 CharCount=0 Copyright(cid:1)C 2008byPascalWillain.Allrightsreserved. PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey. PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedin anyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,or otherwise,exceptaspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStatesCopyright Act,withouteitherthepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher,orauthorizationthrough paymentoftheappropriateper-copyfeetotheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc., 222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,(978)750-8400,fax(978)646-8600,oronthewebat www.copyright.com.RequeststothePublisherforpermissionshouldbeaddressedtothe PermissionsDepartment,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030, (201)748-6011,fax(201)748-6008,oronlineathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorhaveusedtheirbest effortsinpreparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttothe accuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimplied warrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Nowarrantymaybecreated orextendedbysalesrepresentativesorwrittensalesmaterials.Theadviceandstrategies containedhereinmaynotbesuitableforyoursituation.Youshouldconsultwitha professionalwhereappropriate.Neitherthepublishernorauthorshallbeliableforanylossof profitoranyothercommercialdamages,includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,incidental, consequential,orotherdamages. Forgeneralinformationonourotherproductsandservicesorfortechnicalsupport,please contactourCustomerCareDepartmentwithintheUnitedStatesat(800)762-2974,outsidethe UnitedStatesat(317)572-3993orfax(317)572-4002. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsin printmaynotbeavailableinelectronicbooks.FormoreinformationaboutWileyproducts, visitourwebsiteatwww.wiley.com. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData: Willain,Pascal,1959– Valueintime:bettertradingthrougheffectivevolume/PascalWillain. p. cm.–(Wileytradingseries) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-470-11873-3(cloth) 1.Investmentanalysis. 2.Stocks–Charts,diagrams,etc. I.Title. HG4529.W5392008 332.63(cid:2)2042–dc22 2007049358 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 iv fm JWBK129-Willain March18,2008 14:0 CharCount=0 Theworld’sever-growingpopulationincreasinglyaffectsourdaily lives.Likeneverbefore,thisdemographicchallengeisforcingusto addresscriticalissues:boostingtheproductionofbasicfoods, findingnewsourcesofenergy,recyclingbasemetals, andtacklingenvironmentalissues,tonameafew. Inmyview,thestockmarketprovidespeoplewithasimpleway totakepartinthesehigh-growthsectorsbyinvestingin companiesthatoffersolutionstotheseproblems. However,becausemanypeoplearetoobusyjusttryingtosurvive, theywillnotbeabletoadapttoorevenrecognize thecomingchanges. Simplydedicatingthisbooktothesepeopledoesnothelpmuch,but perhapsmonetarydonationswill.Ihavedecidedtoofferfreeof chargetheEffectiveVolumetooldescribedinChapter1.Iwelcome, however,donationstotheNelloandPatrascheFoundation, afoundationthatmywifeandIcreatedsomeyearsago forthebenefitofhandicappedorphans. v fm JWBK129-Willain March18,2008 14:0 CharCount=0 vi fm JWBK129-Willain March18,2008 14:0 CharCount=0 Contents Foreword xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction: Revolution Is at Your Doorstep 1 PART ONE The Set of Tools That Will Change Technical Analysis 9 CHAPTER 1 Effective Volume: An Open Window into the Market 11 TradersGetaSecretNewTool:ABriefIntroductiontothe TradingMechanismsandtheMarketPlayers 14 VolumeThatMovestheMarkets 20 EffectiveVolume 30 PracticalExamplesofEffectiveVolumeCalculations 40 TechnicalSection:HowtoCalculatetheSeparationVolume 51 ImproveYourTrading:DecideontheBigPicture 57 AComparisonwithTraditionalTools 59 WhatWeLearnedRegardingEffectiveVolume 66 CHAPTER 2 Price and Value: The Active Boundaries Indicator 67 BuyLow 67 TraditionalMeasureof“Cheap" 69 WhyDoTrendsExist? 81 GrandmothersAreAlwaysRight! 101 vii fm JWBK129-Willain March18,2008 14:0 CharCount=0 viii CONTENTS ForMathLovers:HowtoCalculatetheActiveBoundaries 109 WhatWeLearnedRegardingActiveBoundaries 110 CHAPTER 3 When Volume Diverges from Price 113 EffectiveVolume:TwoArrowsfromOneBow 114 PriceandEffectiveVolumeTrends 118 Price-VolumeDivergenceAnalysis 134 ExamplesofDivergenceAnalysis 144 HowtoSettheOptimalAnalysisWindow 176 EmptyTradingMinutes 181 WhatWeLearnedRegardingDivergenceAnalysis 183 CHAPTER 4 Supply and Demand: The Key to Trading 185 Supply/DemandEquilibrium 186 Funds’Strategies 205 FundsandMarketManipulation 211 WhatWeLearnedRegardingtheSupplyAnalysis 218 PART TWO Trading Strategies 219 CHAPTER 5 Performance: The Risk/Return Balance 221 TheTradingStrategy 223 OptimizingProfits 226 MinimizingRisks 245 MeasuresofRisk-AdjustedPerformance:TheSharpeand BurkeRatios 260 WhatWeLearnedinThisChapter 262 CHAPTER 6 Automated Trading Systems 265 ProductionofTradingSignals 268 TradingStrategies 274 WhatWeLearnedinThisChapter 317
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