Vaccinidiplosis, A New Genus For Cecidomyia vaccinii Osten Sacken

8 Pages·1994·3.2 MB·English

by  R J Gagne

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
96(4), 1994, pp. 599-606
VACCINIDIPLOSIS, A NEW GENUS FOR CECIDOMYIA VACCINII
OSTEN SACKEN (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE)
Raymond J. Gagne and Jerry A. Payne
(RJG) Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, Agricultural Research Service, USDA,
% U.S. National Museum NHB 168, Washington, D.C. 20560; (JAP) Southeastern Fruit
and Tree Nut Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1 1 1 Dunbar
Road, Byron, Georgia 31008.
Abstract.—TheadultandpupalstagesofCecidomyiavacciniiOstenSackenaredescribed
for the first time and the larva is redescribed. Vaccinidiplosis Gagne, a new genus in the
supertribeCecidomyiidi, isexpressly erectedfor C. vaccinii. ('accinidiplosis vacciniiforms
a scallop-shaped leafgall on deerberry, Vaccinium stamineum (Ericaceae). Past records
ofthis gall midge on other hosts are discussed.
Key Words: Gall midge, Nearctic, deerberry, Vaccinium, Ericaceae
Osten Sacken (1862) named Cecidomyia and form cocoons. Adults emerge the fol-
vaccinii fora larva from leafgalls on a Vac- lowing spring.
cinium from Washington, D.C. His full We have found the galls only on deer-
description ofthe larvaconsisted of "a red- berr>', \'accinium stamineum L., in Georgia
dish larva." Osten Sacken's description of and Maryland, never on other blueberries
the gall was more diagnostic, which has orhuckleberries. Gallshavebeen foundalso
madeitpossibletoassociatehisspecieswith on r. stamineum from Pennsylvania (J.
aparticulargallon ]'acciniiin}(¥\g. 1). Galls Plakidas, personal communication, speci-
are usually green and scallop-shaped with a mens in the National Museum of Natural
serratedistal margin. Galls mayturn orange History), North Carolina (Beutenmiiller
to red in the fall or after leaves are picked. 1907), and Massachusetts (Stebbins 1910).
They are attached to the main veins on the Osten Sacken's original gall specimens, col-
under surface ofleaves, which makes them lected in Washington, D.C. and preserved
inconspicuous from above. Galls may be intheNational MuseumofNaturalHistory,
found from July to October along the At- were probably also from deerberry. He re-
lantic United States from Massachusetts to ported the host as ""Vaccinium (or Gaylus-
Georgia. Each gall contains one to several sacia?)." but the under surface ofhis galled
larvae. Larvae remain in the first instar for leaves do not have the glandular surface of
most ofthe summer, usually until late Au- a Gaylussacia. The leaves otherwise agree
gust, whengrowth proceedsquicklythrough in shape with those of I'. stamineum. Proc-
the second instar to the mature third and ter (1946) listed a "blueberry leaf gall" as
last instar. When larvae become fully de- common on Vaccinium sp. on Mount De-
velopedinautumn,thegallssplitlengthwise sert Island, Maine. Thegall wasnot specified
into two equal halves. The larvae then drop furtherand I'. stamineumisnotknown from
to the ground, burrow under the surface. Maine(VanderKJoet 1988), so it ispossible
600 PROCEEDINGSOFTHE ENTOMOLOGICALSOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Fig. 1. Leafofdeerbern'. I'. stamineum. showinggallsofI'. vacciniiattachedtotheveinsonabaxialsurface.
that a gall similar to that ofC. vaccinii oc- liissacia. Possibly Felt never collected the
curs on another I'accinium in Maine. species and misapplied a scientific name to
We cannot corroborate literature records someone else's common name. Leonard's
ofC vaccina from Gayliissacia (huckleber- (1928)listoftheinsectsofNewYork, where
ry), because we have seen no leaf galls on Feltdid mostofhisown collecting, doesnot
plants ofthat genus. It is possible also that include C. vaccinii. Incidentally, Felt(1918)
such records are due to the misapplication cited Beutenmiiller (1907) for the dangle-
of the common name "huckleberry." The berrv' or Gaylussacia record, but Beuten-
common name "huckleberry" is correctly miiller's paper refers only to V. stamineum
applied only species of Gayliissacia. How- as the host. Gagne (1989) listed C. vaccinii
ever, Johnson (1899) recorded C. vaccinii from r. stamineum, ]'accinium spp., and
from New Jersey "on leaves of the huck- possiblyGaylussacia. buttheserecordswere
leberry', \'acciniiim sp.." and Felt (1918, based on the literature. Lacking hard evi-
1940) reported the species from "dangle- dence to the contrary, C. vaccinii is defi-
berry, Gayliissacia frondosa" Britton and nitely known only from I', stamineum.
Brown (1913)listed squaw-huckleberryand The genus Cecidomyia was once used as
dangleberry among common names ofPo- anartificial category to which wereassigned
lycodium (now Vaccinium) stamineum. so somespeciesthatcould notbeplacedinany
Johnson's record, at least, could have re- known genus. Many of these, for example
ferred to V. stamineum. The Felt Collection C. vaccinii, wereknownonly from thelarval
hasno representatives ofgalls or specimens stage. Cecidomyiaisnowrestricted toa nat-
from this kindofgall on Vacciniumor Gay- ural group of species that feed on resin of
VOLUME 96. NUMBER 4 601
conifers (Gagne 1978), leaving in uncertain es not regularly aligned; circumfilar loops
generic placement many species that are short, some emerging from a base in three
known only from larvae and cannot be strands instead ofthe more usual two found
placedinanyknowngenus. InGagne(1989), in othergenera; setulae sparse, present only
forexample, thisspecieswastreatedas'T^'- on basal nodes offlagellomeres.
cidomyia" vaccmii. The adults we have ob- Thorax: Scutum with 2 lateraland 2 dor-
tained can still not be placed in any genus socentral rows ofsparse setae and no scales.
known to us, so a new genus is erected for Mesanepisternum naked. Mesepimeron
this species. The new genus belongs to the with 2-5 setae. Wing (Fig. 5); Rs curved
supertribe Cecidomyiidi because ofthe bi- apically tojoin C posterior to wing apex; C
nodal, tricircumfilar male antennae, but unbroken at juncture with R5; Rs moder-
cannot be placed in any named tribe. ately strong but evanescent before joining
Sc. situatedapproximatelyhalfwaybetween
Methods M
arculus and apex of Sc; base of weakly
We followed the growth ofthis species in curved; Cu forked. First tarsomere without
Georgiabypickinggallsperiodicallyforone spur. Tarsal claws(Fig. 6) untoothed, curved
season. Galls were sent live to Washington beyond midlength; empodia slightly longer
for examination. Samples were stored in than claws.
70% ethanol. Some larvae and resulting Female abdomen (Figs. 7, 8): First
adults were mounted for microscopic study through sixth tergites entire, rectangular,
in Canada balsam, using the method out- with single row of uninterrupted posterior
lined in Gagne (1989). In the descriptions setae, each with basal pair oftrichoid sen-
that follow, anatomical terminology ofthe silla,occasionallywith 2-3 lateral setae,and
adult stage follows usage in McAlpine et al. no scales. Seventh tergite with double row
(1981) and that of the larval stage follows ofposterior setae and otherwise as for pre-
that in Gagne (1989). The new genus is to cedingtergites. Eighth tergite slightly small-
be attributed to Gagne. er than seventh, the posterior row ofsetae
not extending as far laterally. Ovipositor
Vaccinidiplosis Gagne, New Genus short, slightly protrusible, distal halfabout
\d\x\\.—Head(¥ig. 2): Eyes separated at as long as seventh tergite; cerci (Fig. 8) sep-
vertex; facets circular, closely adjacent. Oc- arate, elongate-ovoid, bilaterally flattened,
ciput without dorsal protuberance. Frons each with 4 or 5 thickened, sensory setae at
with 5-11 setae per side. Labella hemi- apex and covered elsewhere with short se-
spherical, each with 6-8 lateral setae and tae. Hypoproct short, bilobed.
rounded at apex. Palpus with 3 to 4 seg- Male abdomen: First through seventh
ments. Antenna with first and second fla- tergites entire, rectangular, each with basal
gellomeres not connate. Female flagello- pair oftrichoid sensilla, single, mesally in-
meres (Fig. 3) cylindrical with short necks, terruptedposteriorrowofsetae,andnooth-
each with 3 circumfila. the basal one dis- er setae or scales. Eighth tergite short, scle-
crete, the distal two connected on one side rotized only anteriorly, with only anterior
of node; circumfila with short loops, their pair oftrichoid sensilla. Genitalia (Figs. 9.
bases irregularly placed; setulae sparse, oc- 10): cerci (a) elongate, each tapering to con-
cumngmainlyatbaseofflagellomeres. Male vex apex, with several posterior and lateral
flagellomeres (Fig. 4) binodal. intemodes setae; hypoproct (b) elongate, bilobed, en-
and necks less than halfas longaspreceding largedventrallynearapex toflankaedeagus,
node; each basal node with one circumfil- resulting lobes covered with short setulae
um, each distal node with two that are con- and setae; aedeagus (c) cylindrical, as long
nected on one side ofnode; circumfilar bas- ashypoproct;gonocoxiterobust, withshort.
Figs. 2-10. I'acanidiplosis mccinii. 2, Head (frontal view, antennal flagella removed). 3, Female third fla-
gellomere. 4. Male third flagellomere. 5, Wing(scale = 0.5 mm). 6, Foretarsal clawand empodium. 7. Female
postabdomen, seventh segment to end (lateral). 8, Detail of female postabdomen (lateral). 9. Male genitalia
(dorsal, showing only left gonopod); a = cerci, b = hypoproct, c = aedeagus. 10, Same (ventral, only base of
gonopods shown).
Figs. 11-18. ('accimdiplosisvaccinii. 11. Pupalhead,onlybaseofantennaeshown(ventral). 12. Firstinstar,
headand first thoracicsegment(ventral). 13, First instar, eighthand terminalabdominal segments(dorsal). 14,
First instar, (dorsal, scale = 0.25 mm). 15, Second instarhead (dorsal). 16, Third instarspatula and associated
papillae, with enlargement ofone groupofthree lateral papillae (ventral). 17, Third instar(dorsal, scale line =
0.75 mm). 18, Third instareighth and terminal abdominal segments, with detail ofterminal papillae (dorsal).
604 PROCEEDINGSOFTHE ENTOMOLOGICALSOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
ventromesal lobe; gonostylus short, broad- Remarks.—Thisgenusdiffersfrom other
estnearbase,taperingtoapicaltooth,setose genera of the supertribe Cecidomyiidi in
and setulose throughout. the following combination of characters:
Pupa (Fig. 1 1).—Exuviae hyaline. Anten- theeyesareseparatedat the vertex; the first
nal horns not prominent, slightly pointed and second antennal flagellomeres are not
and pigmented anteroventrally. Cephalic connate; the two distal circumfila ofeach
pair of setae short. Prothoracic spiracle male flagellomereareconnected, andthree,
elongate. Abdominalsegmentswithoutdor- aswellasthe usual two, circumfilarstrands
sal spines, uniformly covered with short emanate from a single circumfilar base; fe-
setulae. male flagellomereseach havethreecircum-
Larva.—F//5/ instar (F'\gs. 12-14): Body fila; the presence of most of Rs and the
ovoid. Spiracles present only on prothorax curved base of M; the reduced setation of
and eighth abdominal segment. Antennae the adult abdomen; the short female post-
about three times as long as wide. Integu- abdomen and unmodified eighth tergite;
ment mostly smoothexcept forfinespicules and the female cerci with 4-5 sensory setae
on ventral crawling pads and last segment. posteriorly.
Papillar pattern basic for Cecidomyiidi This genus shares some characters with
(Gagne 1989); papillae with short setae, ter- Blaesodiplosis spp. that form complex galls
minal papillae similar to dorsal papillae in on Amelanchier and Crataegus (Rosaceae)
size. (Gagne 1973). Characters in common are
Second instar: Body elongate ovoid. the separated eyes, the wing venation and
Head as in Fig. 15, antennae twice as long the presence ofthree circumfila on each of
aswide. Spiracles present on prothorax and the female flagellomeres. These similarities
eight abdominal segments. Spatula absent. may indicate an affinity between the two
Integument mainly smooth with fine spic- genera, but the male and female genitalia
ules on ventral crawling pads. Papillar pat- arequitedifierent: in Blaesodiplosisthe male
tern as for first instar. hypoproct is very small relative to the large
Thirdinstar(Figs. 16-18): Bodyelongate aedeagus, thegonocoxite is unlobed (see Fig.
ovoid. Antennae less than twice as long as 6 in Gagne 1973), and the female cerci are
wide. Spatula robust, bilobedanteriorlywith covered apically and ventrally with many
strong anterior and posterior lateral projec- short, blunt sensory setae.
tions. Integument minutely spiny-rugose. In the key to Nearctic genera ofCecido-
Papillar pattern basic for Cecidomyiidi myiidae in Gagne (1981), I'accinidiptosis
(Gagne 1989); papillae with short setae, ter- will key to couplet 135. It is readily sepa-
minal papillae similar to dorsal papillae in rated from both genera, Caryomyia and
size; at least two pairs ofterminal papillae Contarima (in part), that terminate at that
situated on conical projections ofthe integ- couplet. In those two genera eyesjoin at the
ument. vertex and antennal flagellomeres are sim-
Type species.—Cff/V/o/m'/a vaccinii Os- ilarto most Cecidomyiidae, with each male
ten Sacken. circumfilum discrete and the female cir-
Etymology.— \'accinidiplosis combines cumfila made up oftwo horizontal strands
Vacciniuni. the host ofthe genus, and "dip- connected by 2 vertical strands. In Vaccin-
losis." The suffix is commonly used in ge- idiplosistheeyesareseparatedat the vertex,
neric names ofthe supertribe Cecidomyiidi the male flagellomeres have interconnected
andmeans"double," referringtothebinod- circumfila, and female flagellomeres each
al male flagellomeres. The name is femi- have three circumfila, the distal two inter-
nine. connected.
VOLUME 96. NUMBER 4 605
Vaccinidiplosis vacclnii first and 3 third instars, 27-VIII-1993,
(Osten Sacken) Beltsville, R. J. Gagne. PENNSYLVANIA:
vaccina Osten Sacken 1862: 196 (Cecido- 3 third instars, 29-IX-1985, and 2 92,
myia). NEW COMBINATION. Syn- emerged 5-V-1986 from larvae collected
types: 2larvae,whicharelost,and 2 leaves X-1985, Pittsburgh, J. Plakidas; <3, 2 22,
"C emerged 18 to 24-III-1993 from larvae col-
wciitnhiugamlls(,orlabGealylleudssacivaa)c.cinWiaisOh.iSn.g,tIo'nac,- lectedX-1992, Little RochesterCreek, 7 km
D.C.,"anddepositedin theNational Mu- S Ingomar, J—. Plakidas.
seum of Natural History, Washington, Remarks. Felt (1915) considered Osten
Sacken's Cecidomyia vaccinii as having no
D.C.
standing in zoological nomenclature and
gaylussaciiVeW. 1918: \16(Dasyneura{s\c\)),
unjustified new name for vaccinii Osten confused it with Cecidomyia vaccinii Smith
(now Dasineura oxycoccana [Johnson]), a
Sacken; Felt 1925: 55 (Cecidomyia); Felt
1940: 300 (Dasyneura (sic!)). species that feeds in blueberry and cran-
berry buds. Felt (1918) effectively renamed
Adult.—Coloration: Wing covered with Osten Sacken's species as Dasyneura (sic)
fuscous scales, veins C and R5 brown; tho- gaylussacii Felt and attributed it to the typ-
rax black to brown; legs covered with short, ical gall on \'acciniiim. but ascribed ""Ce-
brownscales;abdomenreddishbrown. Wing cidomyia(vacciniiO.S)" toa purportedgen-
length, 3.3 mm in male(n = 1), 3.1-3.5 mm erally similar gall on Gaylussacia frondosa.
(n = 5) in females. Head as in Fig. 2; an- Felt (1925) formally renamed Osten Sack-
tennal flagellomeres as in Figs. 3, 4; wing as en's C. vaccinii as Cecidomyia gaylussacii.
in Fig. 5; female postabdomen as in Figs. 7, stating that the gall might be the work ofa
8; male genitalia as in Figs. 9, 10. Dasineura. Felt 1940 listed Dasyneura (sic)
Pupa.—Pupal head as in Fig. 1 1. gaylussacii Felt for the gall of Vaccinium
Larva (Figs. 12-18).—Body transparent spp. but still used Cecidomyia vaccinii Os-
to white in first instar. white in second and ten Sacken for the gall ofGaylussaciafron-
early third instar, the third instar turning dosa. As argued in our introduction, there
reddish as it matures. Head capsule black is no hard evidence that l\ vaccinii occurs
in first instar, brown in second and third. on Gaylussacia.
—
Distribution, (from north to south)
Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, New Jersey,
Maryland, Washington, D.C, North Car- Acknowledgments
olina, Georgia.
Specimensof I'. vacciniiexamined, all on We are grateful to several individuals for
slides in National Museum ofNatural His- their help with his paper: J. Plakidas of
tory, Washington. D.C, all from Vaccinium Pittsburgh, PA for his gift ofthe male and
stamineuni.—GEORGIA: 4 second and 7 other specimens of V. vaccinii; P. Malikul
third instars, 27-IX-1991, Brooks property, for preparing the microscopic slides; S.
8 km E Fort Valley, Peach Co., J. A Payne; Grupp for inking the illustrations; and Da-
3 firstinstars, 4-VII-1991,8 first instars, 19- vid Headrick, Riverside, California, Paul
VII-1991, 7 first instars, 28-VII-1991, 13 Lyrene, University ofFlorida, Gainesville,
first instars and 1 second instar, 20-VIII- W. Nijveldt, Wagenigen, The Netherlands,
1991, 5 second instars, 3-IX-1991, and 6 Allen Norrbom, Washington, D.C. Alma
pupal exuviae and 6 22, emerged 23 to 25- Solis, Washington, D.C, and Karl Valley,
IV-1992 from larvae collected X-1991, Harrisburg,PA, fortheircommentsondrafts
Peach Co., J. A. Payne. MARYLAND: 2 ofthe manuscript.
606 PROCEEDINGSOFTHE ENTOMOLOGICALSOCIETY OFWASHINGTON
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