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UXL. Encyclopedia of Drugs and Addictive Substances M-N PDF

273 Pages·2005·20.75 MB·English
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U X L Encyclopedia of (cid:1) (cid:1) Drugs & Addictive Substances U X L Encyclopedia of (cid:1) (cid:1) Drugs & Addictive Substances Volume 4: Marijuana to Nitrous Oxide Barbara C. Bigelow, MAT Kathleen J. Edgar, Project Editor U(cid:1)X(cid:1)LEncyclopediaofDrugs&AddictiveSubstances BarbaraC.Bigelow,MAT ProjectEditor RightsandAcquisitions ProductDesign KathleenJ.Edgar RonMontgomery, PamelaA.E.Galbreath,TracyRowens ShaliceShaw-Caldwell Editorial Composition StephanieCook,MadelineHarris, ImagingandMultimedia EviSeoud,MaryBethTrimper MelissaHill,KristineKrapp,Paul LeithaEtheridge-Sims,LezlieLight, Manufacturing Lewon,ElizabethManar,HeatherPrice DanNewell,ChristineO’Bryan RitaWimberely ª2006ThomsonGale,apartofThe means—graphic,electronic,or PermissionsHotline: ThomsonCorporation. mechanical,includingphotocopying, 248-699-8006or800-877-4253,ext.8006 recording,taping,Webdistribution,or Fax:248-699-8074or800-762-4058 ThomsonandStarLogoare informationstorageretrieval trademarksandGaleandUXLare Whileeveryefforthasbeenmadeto systems—withoutthewritten registeredtrademarksusedherein ensurethereliabilityoftheinformation permissionofthepublisher. underlicense. presentedinthispublication,Thomson Forpermissiontousematerialfrom Galedoesnotguaranteetheaccuracy Formoreinformation,contact: thisproduct,submityourrequestvia ofthedatacontainedherein.Thomson ThomsonGale Webathttp://www.gale-edit.com/ Galeacceptsnopaymentforlisting; 27500DrakeRd. permissions,oryoumaydownload andinclusioninthepublicationofany FarmingtonHills,MI48331-3535 ourPermissionsRequestform organization,agency,institution, OryoucanvisitourInternetsiteat andsubmityourrequestbyfaxor publication,service,orindividualdoes http://www.gale.com mailto: notimplyendorsementbytheeditors ALLRIGHTSRESERVED PermissionsDepartment orpublisher.Errorsbroughttothe Nopartofthisworkcoveredbythe ThomsonGale attentionofthepublisherandverified copyrighthereonmaybereproduced 27500DrakeRd. tothesatisfactionofthepublisherwill orusedinanyformorbyany FarmingtonHills,MI48331-3535 becorrectedinfutureeditions. LIBRARYOFCONGRESSCATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATIONDATA Bigelow,BarbaraC. UXLencyclopediaofdrugs&addictivesubstances/BarbaraC.Bigelow,KathleenJ.Edgar. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN1-4144-0444-1(sethardcover:alk.paper)–ISBN1-4144-0445-X(volume1)–ISBN 1-4144-0446-8(volume2)–ISBN1-4144-0447-6(volume3)–ISBN1-4144-0448-4(volume4) –ISBN1-4144-0449-2(volume5) 1.Drugs–Encyclopedias,Juvenile.2.Drugsofabuse–Encyclopedias,Juvenile.3. Substanceabuse–Encyclopedias,Juvenile.I.Title:Encyclopediaofdrugs&addictive substances.II.Title:UXLencyclopediaofdrugsandaddictivesubstances.III.Edgar, KathleenJ.IV.Title. RM301.17.B542006 615’.1’03–dc22 2005017640p Thistitleisalsoavailableasane-book. ISBN:1414406193(set). ContactyourGalesalesrepresentativefororderinginformation. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10987654321 Table of Contents Volume 1 AlternativeDrugNames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxi WordstoKnow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .li 2C-B(Nexus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Adderall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Amphetamines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 AmylNitrite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Antidepressants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 Barbiturates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94 Benzodiazepine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 Benzylpiperazine/Trifluoromethyl-phenylpiperazine . . . . . . . . 124 HighlightsoftheU.S.ControlledSubstancesAct (CSA)of1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxxi WheretoLearnMore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxiii Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxxvii Volume 2 AlternativeDrugNames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxi WordstoKnow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .li Caffeine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 CathaEdulis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Cocaine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Codeine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Creatine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 DesignerDrugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 v TableofContents Dextroamphetamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Dextromethorphan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 DietPills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Dimethyltryptamine(DMT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Diuretics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283 HighlightsoftheU.S.ControlledSubstancesAct (CSA)of1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxxi WheretoLearnMore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxiii Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxxvii Volume 3 AlternativeDrugNames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxi WordstoKnow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .li Ecstasy(MDMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Ephedra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Fentanyl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 GBL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 GHB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 HerbalDrugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Heroin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 Hydromorphone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Inhalants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436 Ketamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457 LSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 HighlightsoftheU.S.ControlledSubstancesAct (CSA)of1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxxi WheretoLearnMore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxiii Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxxvii Volume 4 AlternativeDrugNames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxi WordstoKnow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .li Marijuana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 vi U(cid:1)X(cid:1)LEncyclopediaofDrugs&AddictiveSubstances TableofContents Melatonin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 Meperidine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530 Mescaline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 547 Methadone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567 Methamphetamine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585 Methaqualone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 Morphine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 Nicotine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642 NitrousOxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665 HighlightsoftheU.S.ControlledSubstancesAct (CSA)of1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxxi WheretoLearnMore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxiii Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxxvii Volume 5 AlternativeDrugNames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxi WordstoKnow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .li Opium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683 Over-the-CounterDrugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 Oxycodone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737 PCP(Phencyclidine) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756 PMAandPMMA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774 Psilocybin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791 RitalinandOtherMethylphenidates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807 Rohypnol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831 SalviaDivinorum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847 Steroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864 Tranquilizers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 884 HighlightsoftheU.S.ControlledSubstancesAct (CSA)of1970 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lxxi WheretoLearnMore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxiii Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lxxxvii vii U(cid:1)X(cid:1)LEncyclopediaofDrugs&AddictiveSubstances Alternative Drug Names 45-minutepsychosisseeDimethyltryptamine(DMT) 714sseeMethaqualone A A-bombseeMarijuana A2seeBenzylpiperazine/Trifluoromethyl-phenylpiperazine Abyssinianteasee CathaEdulis AcapulcogoldseeMarijuana AceseeMarijuana AcidseeLSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide) ADAMseeDesignerDrugsandEcstasy(MDMA) AfricanblackseeMarijuana AfricansaladseeCathaEdulis Afrosee2C-B(Nexus)andDesignerDrugs Ah-pen-yenseeOpium AIPseeHeroin AirblastseeInhalants AlliumsativumseeHerbalDrugs AmpseeAmphetamines AmysseeAmylNitrite,Inhalants,andTranquilizers AndroseeSteroids AngeldustseeDesignerDrugsandPCP(Phencyclidine) AntifreezeseeHeroin AntipsychoticsseeTranquilizers AnxiolyticsseeTranquilizers ApacheseeFentanyl AriesseeHeroin AuntHazelseeHeroin AuntMaryseeMarijuana AuntiseeOpium AuntiEmmaseeOpium B BackbreakerseeLSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide) BalloonsseeInhalantsandNitrousOxide BangseeInhalants ix AlternativeDrugNames BarbsseeBarbituratesandTranquilizers BarrseeCodeine BatteryacidseeLSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide) BatuseeMethamphetamine Beessee2C-B(Nexus)andDesignerDrugs BenniesseeAmphetamines BenzosseeBenzodiazepinesandTranquilizers BhangseeMarijuana BidisseeNicotine BigchiefseeMescaline BigdseeHydromorphone BigHseeHeroin BigHarryseeHeroin BigOseeOpium BlackseeOpium BlackhashseeOpium BlackpearlseeHeroin BlackpillseeOpium BlackRussianseeOpium BlackstuffseeOpium BlacktarseeHeroin BlancheseeMarijuana BlindsquidseeKetamine BlockseeOpium BlotterseeLSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide) BlowseeCocaine BluecapseeMescaline BluedollsseeBarbiturates BlueNitroseeGBL BluesseeBarbituratesandTranquilizers BluntseeMarijuana BoatseePCP(Phencyclidine) BonitaseeHeroin BooseeMarijuana BoomseeMarijuana BoomersseeLSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide)andPsilocybin BootyjuiceseeEcstasy(MDMA) BoozeseeAlcohol BozoseeHeroin BraindamageseeHeroin BrewseeAlcohol BrickgumseeHeroin Bromosee2C-B(Nexus)andDesignerDrugs BrownacidseeLSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide) BrownsugarseeHeroin x U(cid:1)X(cid:1)LEncyclopediaofDrugs&AddictiveSubstances AlternativeDrugNames BuddhaseeOpium BulldogseeHeroin BundleseeHeroin BushseeMarijuana Bushman’steaseeCathaEdulisandDimethyltryptamine(DMT) ButterburseeHerbalDrugs ButtonsseeMescalineandMethaqualone BuzzbombsseeInhalantsandNitrousOxide BZDsseeTranquilizers BZPseeBenzylpiperazine/Trifluoromethyl-phenylpiperazine C CseeCocaine CactusbuttonsseeMescaline CactusheadseeMescaline CadillacseeDesignerDrugs CamelliasinensisseeHerbalDrugs CapsseePsilocybin CartridgesseeNitrousOxide CatvaliumseeDesignerDrugsandKetamine ChalkseeDesignerDrugsandMethamphetamine ChamaemelumnobileseeHerbalDrugs ChamomileseeHerbalDrugs Chandoo/ChanduseeOpium CharasseeMarijuana CharleyseeHeroin ChatseeCathaEdulis CherrymethseeDesignerDrugsandGHB ChewseeNicotine ChewingtobaccoseeNicotine ChickenpowderseePMAandPMMA ChickenyellowseePMAandPMMA ChiefseeMescaline ChinagirlseeFentanyl ChinatownseeFentanyl ChinawhiteseeFentanylandHeroin ChinesemolassesseeOpium ChinesetobaccoseeOpium ChronicseeMarijuana CidseeLSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide) CigarettesseeNicotine CigarsseeNicotine CirclesseeRohypnol Cloud-9see2C-B(Nexus)andDesignerDrugs xi U(cid:1)X(cid:1)LEncyclopediaofDrugs&AddictiveSubstances AlternativeDrugNames CoffinnailsseeNicotine CokeseeCocaine ComfreyseeHerbalDrugs ContactlensesseeLSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide) CopilotsseeDextroamphetamine CotiesseeCodeine CrackcocaineseeCocaine CrankseeDesignerDrugsandMethamphetamine CrystalseeDesignerDrugsandMethamphetamine CrystalmethseeDesignerDrugsandMethamphetamine CubesseePsilocybin D D-ballseeSteroids D-bolseeSteroids D’sseeHydromorphone DaggaseeMarijuana DancefeverseeFentanyl DeathseePMAandPMMA DecaseeSteroids Deca-DseeSteroids DelantzseeHydromorphone DelaudseeHydromorphone DelidaseeHydromorphone DemmiesseeMeperidine Depo-TseeSteroids DETseeDimethyltryptamine(DMT) DexseeDextromethorphan DexiesseeDextroamphetamines DieselseeHeroin DietarysupplementsseeCreatine DilliesseeHydromorphone DiscobiscuitseeDesignerDrugs DiscobiscuitsseeEcstasyandMethaqualone DiscoramaseeInhalants Diviner’ssageseeSalviaDivinorum DMseeDextromethorphan DolliesseeMethadone DollsseeBarbituratesandMethadone DopeseeMarijuana DopiumseeOpium DorsandfoursseeCodeine DosesseeLSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide) DotsseeLSD(LysergicAcidDiethylamide) xii U(cid:1)X(cid:1)LEncyclopediaofDrugs&AddictiveSubstances

Description:
This set provides detailed information on 52 drugs and other addictive substances, defined as illegal drugs, legal addictive drugs and other substances as well as commonly abused classes of prescription and over-the-counter drugs. Arranged alphabetically by official name, each entry follows the same
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